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Sent on Thursday, 2009 Mar 05Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
- 1: Future Microbiol. 2009 Mar;4:241-54.
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Tracing immunity to human leishmaniasis.
Department of Microbiology, Tumor Biology & Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden and, Department of Parasitology, Mycology & Environmental Biology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden. susanne.nylen@ki.se.
People who have recovered from leishmaniasis are believed to have long-lasting protection against subsequent infection. Understanding the immunological changes that are associated with protection from cure of and susceptibility to the disease are fundamental to both designing and evaluating vaccine candidates against the leishmaniases. In the quest for a vaccine against leishmaniasis, appropriate surrogate markers of immunity would be valuable and cost effective. Biomarkers would ease screening and selection of potentially efficient vaccine candidates. Moreover, biomarkers of disease may be used to monitor disease and aid therapeutic prognosis. This would be useful in the evaluation of both existing and new drugs, making invasive post-treatment evaluation redundant. Biomarkers may also be indicative of the severity of the disease and may be able to predict the outcome of an infection and indicate whether the patient will spontaneously recover, exhibit mild symptoms or if the disease is disseminating and will be severe. In this article we discuss the immunological changes associated with different forms of human leishmaniasis and the value of appropriate immunological biomarkers in finding an effective vaccine and an evaluation of therapies against leishmanial disease will be given.
PMID: 19257849 [PubMed - in process]
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- 2: Future Microbiol. 2009 Mar;4:159-70.
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Recombinant K39 immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of human leishmaniasis.
Department of Internal Medicine & Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. r.monno@igiene-seconda.uniba.it.
A new recombinant K39 immunochromatographic test (ICT) was compared with the immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) for the rapid serological diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Apulia, Southern Italy. A total of 264 individuals were tested, including 19 patients with VL (three of which were HIV positive), 67 individuals with suspected VL, 40 healthy controls and 138 patients with other diseases. The ICT was positive in all 19 patients with VL and negative in sera from the remaining individuals. Both the sensitivity and specificity of ICT was 100%. The ICT also worked well in HIV-Leishmania co-infected patients. Antibodies to Leishmania detected by the IFA and ICT remained at detectable levels for up to 12-24 months. A positive reaction by the ICT was detectable at a serum dilution of up to 1:20,480, indicating that a strong immunoresponse is mounted against the recombinant K39 antigen. In conclusion, the ICT is highly sensitive, specific, rapid, noninvasive and cost effective (euro8.43 for ICT and euro12 for IFA) in the diagnosis of VL in areas of low VL endemicity.
PMID: 19257843 [PubMed - in process]
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- K39 strip test--easy, reliable and cost-effective field diagnosis for visceral leishmaniasis in India. [J Assoc Physicians India. 2003]
- Imported visceral leishmaniasis: diagnostic dilemmas and comparative analysis of three assays. [J Clin Microbiol. 2002]
- Leishmaniasis in Sudan. Visceral leishmaniasis. [Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001]
- Immunochromatographic strip-test detection of anti-K39 antibody in Indian visceral leishmaniasis. [Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2002]
- ReviewClinical use of polymerase chain reaction performed on peripheral blood and bone marrow samples for the diagnosis and monitoring of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients: a single-center, 8-year experience in Italy and review of the literature. [Clin Infect Dis. 2007]
- 3: Rev Biol Trop. 2008 Jun;56(2):447-58.
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[Morphology and cytochemistry of Aedes aegypti's cell cultures (Diptera: Culicidae) and susceptibility to Leishmania panamensis (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)]
[Article in Spanish]Grupo de Microscopia y Análisis de Imágenes, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Av. Calle 26 N degrees 51-60 Bogotá, Colombia.
Morphology and cytochemistry of Aedes aegypti's cell cultures (Diptera: Culicidae) and susceptibility to Leishmania panamensis (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). The first cellular line of Aedes aegypti was developed by Grace in 1966; afterwards, other cellular lines of this species have been generated. These have been used for the study of pathogenic organisms like viruses, bacteria and parasites, which demonstrates their importance in biomedical applications. This research describes, for the first time, some cytochemical characteristics of A. aegypti cell cultures, that were infected with (MHOM/CO/87CL412) strain of Leishmania panamensis. A morphological study of the cell culture was also carried out. Maintenance of the cell culture, parasites and infection in vitro were carried out in the Laboratory of Entomology, Cell Biology and Genetics of the Universidad de La Salle. The cell cultures infected with the parasite were maintained in a mixture of mediums Grace/L15, supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) at pH 6.8 and a temperature of 26 degrees C, during 3, 6 and 9 post-infection days. After this, these cell cultures were processed through High Resolution Light Microscopy (HRLM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) based on standard protocols defined by the Group of Microscopy and Image Analyses of the Instituto Nacional de Salud. Semi-fine slices of 1 microm colored with toluidine blue were used for the morphological analysis of the culture, and ultra fine cuts of 60 to 90 nm stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate where used for the ultrastructural study. In addition, PAS and peroxidase staining was carried out in cells fixed with methanol. The morphometric study was analyzed with software ImageJ (NIH). In the semi-fine slices, small cells were observed showing fibroblastic appearance 10.84 +/- 2.54 microm in length and 5.31 +/- 1.26 microm wide; other cells had epithelial appearance with a great peripheral nucleus, voluminous and vacuolated cytoplasm, 23.04 +/- 4.00 microm in length and 13.96 3.70 microm wide. These last ones predominated over the ones with fibroblastic appearance. Regarding the PAS coloration, 7.08% of the cells presented abundant PAS positive cytoplasmatic granules which indicated polysaccharides presence. The peroxidase test gave a negative result. The greatest percentage of infection (18.90%) of one total of 101 cells, turned up by day 6. Some cells analyzed by TEM presented a vacuolated aspect cytoplasm; some contained parasites, other fibrillar material and others were empty. The results indicate that A. aegypti cell culture can support the internalization and transformation of the parasite, which demonstrates the capacity that these cell cultures have to be infected with L. panamensis and to maintain the infection for approximately one week.
PMID: 19256419 [PubMed - in process]
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- Characterization of cell cultures derived from Lutzomyia spinicrassa (Diptera: Psychodidae) and their susceptibility to infection with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. [Med Sci Monit. 2005]
- ReviewRole of the bovine immune system and genome in resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes. [Vet Parasitol. 2001]
- ReviewGoat serum: an alternative to fetal bovine serum in biomedical research. [Indian J Exp Biol. 2004]
- 4: J Immunol. 2009 Feb 15;182(4):2288-96.
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Trypanosoma cruzi triggers an early type I IFN response in vivo at the site of intradermal infection.
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA 02115, USA.
Early interactions between the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and mammalian hosts at primary sites of infection (skin and mucosal membranes) are predicted to be critical determinants of parasite survival and dissemination in the host. To investigate the early host response triggered by three different strains of T. cruzi at a local infection site, changes in host gene expression were monitored in a murine intradermal infection model using Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays. Robust induction of IFN-stimulated genes was observed in excised skin 24 h postinfection where the level of IFN-stimulated gene induction was parasite strain-dependent, with the least virulent strain triggering a muted IFN response. Infection of mice immunodepleted of IFN-gamma-producing cells or infection of IFN-gamma-deficient mice had minimal impact on the IFN response generated in T. cruzi-infected mice. In contrast, infection of mice lacking the type I IFN receptor demonstrated that type I IFNs are largely responsible for the IFN response generated at the site of infection. These data highlight type I IFNs as important components of the innate immune response to T. cruzi at the site of inoculation and their role in shaping the early transcriptional response to this pathogen.
PMID: 19201883 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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- Involvement of CD4(+) Th1 cells in systemic immunity protective against primary and secondary challenges with Trypanosoma cruzi. [Infect Immun. 2000]
- Expression and role of heat-shock protein 65 (HSP65) in macrophages during Trypanosoma cruzi infection: involvement of HSP65 in prevention of apoptosis of macrophages. [Microbes Infect. 1999]
- Review[Role of cytokines in resistance and pathology in Trypanosoma cruzi infection] [Rev Argent Microbiol. 1996]
- 5: Insect Mol Biol. 2009 Feb;18(1):11-9. Epub 2008 Nov 12.
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Prolonged gene knockdown in the tsetse fly Glossina by feeding double stranded RNA.
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA.
Reverse genetic studies based on RNA interference (RNAi) have revolutionized analysis of gene function in most insects. However the necessity of injecting double stranded RNA (dsRNA) inevitably compromises many investigations particularly those on immunity. Additionally, injection of tsetse flies often causes significant mortality. We demonstrate, at transcript and protein level, that delivering dsRNA in the bloodmeal to Glossina morsitans morsitans is as effective as injection in knockdown of the immunoresponsive midgut-expressed gene TsetseEP. However, feeding dsRNA fails to knockdown the fat body expressed transferrin gene, 2A192, previously shown to be silenced by dsRNA injection. Mortality rates of the dsRNA fed flies were significantly reduced compared to injected flies 14 days after treatment (Fed: 10.1%+/- 1.8%; injected: 37.9% +/- 3.6% (Mean +/- SEM)). This is the first demonstration in Diptera of gene knockdown by feeding and the first example of knockdown in a blood-sucking insect by including dsRNA in the bloodmeal.
PMID: 19016913 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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