Wednesday, April 15, 2009

What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Wednesday, 2009 Apr 15
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results
Items 1 -3 of 3

1: Infect Immun. 2009 Apr 13. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

Distinct roles for MyD88 and TLR2 during Leishmania braziliensis infection in mice.

Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Tai W, Xin L, Hogg AE, Corry DB, Soong L.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA; Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

We have previously reported that L. braziliensis infection can activate murine dendritic cells (DCs) and up-regulate signaling pathways that are essential for the initiation of innate immunity. However, it remains unclear whether Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in L. braziliensis-mediated DC activation. To address this issue, we generated bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDC) from MyD88(-/-) and TLR2(-/-) mice and examined their responsiveness to parasite infection. While wild-type DCs were efficiently activated to produce cytokines and prime naïve CD4(+) T cells, L. braziliensis-infected MyD88(-/-) DCs exhibited a lesser activation and decreased production of IL-12p40. Furthermore, MyD88(-/-) mice were more susceptible to infection, in that they developed larger and prolonged lesions compared to those in control mice. In sharp contrast, the lack of TLR2 resulted in an enhanced DC activation and increased IL-12p40 production after infection. As such, L. braziliensis-infected TLR2(-/-) DCs were more competent in priming naïve CD4(+) T cells in vitro than were their controls, findings which correlated with an increased IFN-gamma production in vivo and enhanced resistance to infection. Our results suggest that while MyD88 is indispensable for the generation of protective immunity to L. braziliensis, TLR2 seems to have a regulatory role during infection.

PMID: 19364834 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2: Res Vet Sci. 2009 Apr 11. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

Parasitological diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis: Is intact skin a good target?

Madeira MF, Figueiredo FB, Pinto AG, Nascimento LD, Furtado M, Mouta-Confort E, de Paula CC, Bogio A, Gomes MC, Bessa AM, Passos SR.

Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

The objective of this study was to evaluate intact skin of seroreactive dogs as a possible target for the parasitological confirmation of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). For this purpose, 394 dogs identified in serological surveys carried out in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte were studied. Blood was collected from all animals for serology and a tissue sample was obtained from two sites for parasitological diagnosis. Skin obtained from the ear and scapular region was simultaneously analyzed in 247 animals and lesion samples and ear skin were analyzed in 147 dogs. Leishmania parasites were isolated from 310 (78.7%) animals, and all isolates were identified as Leishmania chagasi. Simultaneous isolation from two sites was possible in 240 of the 310 animals, including ear and scapular skin in 151/247 (61.1%) and ear skin and skin lesions in 89/147 (60.5%). Ours results suggest that intact skin is one of the main target sites for the parasitological confirmation of CVL in seroreactive dogs.

PMID: 19364614 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

3: Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009 Mar;34(2):219-23. Epub 2008 Nov 6.Click here to read LinkOut

Intralesional triamcinolone alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars.

Darougheh A, Asilian A, Shariati F.

Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, and Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. darougheh@resident.mui.ac.ir

BACKGROUND: Keloids and hypertrophic scars are benign growths of dermal collagen that can cause physical and psychological (cosmetic) problems for patients. METHODS: In this 12-week, double-blind, clinical trial, 40 patients were randomized into two study groups. Patients in group 1 were given intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TAC), and patients in group 2 were given a combination of TAC and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); both groups received injections at weekly intervals for 8 weeks. Lesions were assessed for erythema, pruritus, pliability, height, length and width. RESULTS: Four patients in group 1 and three patients in group 2 failed to complete the study. At the 8-week and 12-week follow-up visits, both groups showed an acceptable improvement in nearly all parameters, but these were more significant in the TAC + 5-FU group (P < 0.05 for all except pruritus and percentage of itch reduction). Good to excellent (> 50%) improvement were reported by 20% of the patients in group 1 and 55% of the patients in group 2, which was significantly different (P = 0.02). Good to excellent responses was reported by trained observers as 15% in group 1 and 40% in group 2. Their difference was not significant (P = 0.08). CONCLUSION: The overall efficacy of TAC + 5-FU was comparable with TAC, but the TAC + 5-FU combination was more acceptable to patients and produced better results.

PMID: 19018794 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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