Saturday, April 18, 2009

What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Saturday, 2009 Apr 18
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results
Items 1 -4 of 4

1: Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2008 Jul;3(4):453-60.

Cutaneous manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Huiras E, Preda V, Maurer T, Whitfeld M.

aDepartment of Dermatology University of California San Francisco, USA bDepartment of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Australia cThe Skin & Cancer Foundation, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has altered the pattern of dermatologic disease among HIV-infected patients. While the majority benefit substantially from highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced immune recovery, a subset of patients experience unmasking of new skin disease or paradoxical worsening of existing dermatologic conditions, attributable to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. We review the current literature regarding the dermatologic manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS: Cutaneous immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is described in association with a range of infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and autoimmune disorders. The list of skin manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome continues to grow, with current literature highlighting the emergence of tropical skin diseases, such as leishmaniasis and leprosy, presenting in the context of immune recovery. Increasingly, we are recognizing common skin eruptions such as acne may be associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. There are also recent descriptions of previously unreported presentations of well established immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-related conditions. These include Mycobacterium avium presenting as cutaneous ulceration and an epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like eruption of warts. Additionally, authors are attempting to define the unique immunopathology associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the context of specific cutaneous diseases. SUMMARY: Optimal management depends on recognition of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome as a unique syndrome by healthcare providers, rather than a failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy or an adverse drug reaction. Our understanding of dermatologic immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome continues to evolve as the diversity of reported cutaneous immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-associated disorders expands.

PMID: 19373005 [PubMed - in process]

2: J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2009 Feb;7(2):180.Click here to read
Comment on:
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008 Sep;6(9):754-65.

[Letter re: Neuber, H. Leishmaniasis. JDDG; 2008. 9:754-765]

[Article in German]

[No authors listed]

PMID: 19371242 [PubMed - in process]

3: Nat Prod Commun. 2009 Feb;4(2):193-8.

Evaluation of cryptolepine and huperzine derivatives as lead compounds towards new agents for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis.

Oluwafemi AJ, Okanla EO, Camps P, Muñoz-Torrerob D, Mackey ZB, Chiang PK, Seville S, Wright CW.

Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

The alkaloid cryptolepine (1) and eight synthetic analogues (2-8) were assessed for in vitro activities against Trypanosoma brucei. Four of the analogues were found to be highly potent with IC50 values of less than 3 nM and three of these were assessed against T. brucei brucei infection in rats. The most effective compound was 2, 7-dibromocryptolepine (7); a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg suppressed parasitaemia and increased the mean survival time to 13.6 days compared with 8.4 days for untreated controls. In addition, four huperzine derivatives (9-12) were shown to have in vitro antitrypanosomal activities with IC50 values ranging from 303-377 nM.

PMID: 19370921 [PubMed - in process]

4: Nat Prod Commun. 2009 Feb;4(2):185-92.

Bioactive (+)-manzamine A and (+)-8-hydroxymanzamine A tertiary bases and salts from Acanthostrongylophora ingens and their preparations.

Samoylenko V, Khan SI, Jacoba MR, Tekwani BL, Walker LA, Hufford CD, Muhammad I.

National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, 38677, USA.

The genus Acanthostrongylophora is famous for producing a wide array of manzamine alkaloids as natural hydrochloride salts. An examination of A. ingens has now yielded two tertiary bases, (+)-8-hydroxymanzamine A (1) and (+)-manzamine A (2), by chromatography over alumina using CHCl3-MeOH-NH3.H2O as solvent. In addition, (+)-8-hydroxymanzamine A hydrochloride (3) and (+)-manzamine A hydrochloride (4) were isolated under the same conditions from the same source by silica gel chromatography. The structures of 1-4 were determined from 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra and by circular dichroism experiments, and the spectral features of the bases 1 and 2 were found to be different from those of the salts 3 and 4. Compounds 3 and 4 were deprotonated by both A12O3 and strong base to afford 1 and 2, which were converted again to their respective salts 3 and 4. Both the compounds 1 and 3 showed equally potent in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and -resistant (W2) strains of P. falciparum (IC50 = 19.5 and 22.0 ng/mL vs. 27.0 and 36.5 ng/mL, respectively), while 2 was >3-fold less potent than 4 (IC50 = 20.8 and 25.8 ng/mL vs. 6.1 and 7.3 ng/mL, respectively). Compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed good antimicrobial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium intracellulare and antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes. In contrast, manzamine A base (2) showed relatively weaker antimicrobial, antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities [towards cancer (HepG2: Human hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoma), and non-cancer cells (VERO: Monkey kidney fibroblast; LLC-PK11: Pig kidney epithelial)], compared with salt 4.

PMID: 19370920 [PubMed - in process]

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