Friday, June 19, 2009

What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results
Items 1 -5 of 5

1: Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2009 Jun 19. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

[Climate changes and emerging diseases : What new infectious diseases and health problem can be expected?]

[Article in German]

Stark K, Niedrig M, Biederbick W, Merkert H, Hacker J.

Robert Koch-Institut, Postfach 650261, 13302, Berlin, Deutschland, starkk@rki.de.

Increasing temperatures, but also other climatic factors, will have an impact on human health. Apart from the direct consequences of extreme weather conditions (e.g., heat-related fatalities), indirect health consequences in the long-term are also of great importance. In addition to a likely increase in allergic diseases and additional complications in the course of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, infectious diseases are of particular interest. In Germany, endemic pathogens, such as hantavirus (with its reservoir in small rodents), tick-borne pathogens (Borrelia burgdorferi, tick-borne encephalitis virus), and certain food- and water-borne pathogens, are of concern. Mild winters favor rodent populations and may result in hantavirus epidemics in the subsequent summer period. Statistical analyses show a significant association between temperature and campylobacter incidence in Germany. An outbreak of rodent-borne leptospirosis among strawberry harvesters enhanced by heavy rainfalls illustrates how weather conditions may influence disease occurrence. Pathogens that are non-endemic in Germany but are imported by humans, vectors, and reservoir animals pose an additional risk to the population. Increasing temperatures improve the conditions for establishment of new vectors and for autochthonous transmission of some pathogens (e.g., chikungunya, dengue, West Nile virus, malaria, or leishmaniasis). Climatic and ecologic conditions in Germany currently do not favor autochthonous outbreaks for most of these pathogens. However, if temperatures increase, as expected, such outbreaks will become more likely. Germany should enhance its research in public health activities in the field of climate change and infectious diseases.

PMID: 19536444 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2: Trop Doct. 2009 Jul;39(3):180-2.Click here to read

Severe adverse reactions to meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: a report of 13 cases in the southwestern region of Brazil.

de Oliveira AL, Brustoloni YM, Fernandes TD, Dorval ME, da Cunha RV, Bóia MN.

Rua Rui Barbosa, 4273 Campo Grande, MS 79002-368, Brasil allyrio@yahoo.com.br.

Antimony-based medications continue to be the chosen drug for visceral leishmaniasis treatment in most countries. Pentavalent antimony compounds are highly effective but frequently have adverse reactions. Although toxic effects are almost always reversible, some of them can be severe. Clinical and laboratory data of 13 patients who developed severe adverse reactions to meglumine antimoniate in a teaching hospital in southwestern Brazil in 2004-2005 were analysed. Most patients were adults (10/13), mainly at the age of 50 or older (4/13). The main severe adverse reactions were renal failure (eight episodes), pancreatitis (six episodes) and hepatic failure/hepatitis (five episodes). Six patients died in the period; all presented acute renal failure and four presented hepatic failure. Meglumine antimoniate can cause severe reactions, which can lead to death if not promptly identified. Further studies are warrented on the effect of less toxic drugs.

PMID: 19535762 [PubMed - in process]

3: J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill). 2009 Jun 17. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

Immune Reconstitution Visceral Leishmaniasis Presented as Hemophagocytic Syndrome in Patient With AIDS From Nonendemic Area: A Case Report.

Patel KK, Patel AK, Sarda P, Shah BA, Ranjan R.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in the Ganges and Brahmaputra plains of India. Leishmaniasis/HIV coinfection is on the rise in India and may pose a real diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. HIV-related immunosuppression increases the risk of reactivating leishmaniasis by 100 to 1000 times and it also increases the risk of drug resistant leishmaniasis. Immune reconstitution VL is not very well reported in literature. Hemophagocytosis is known to occur with various infectious agents like viruses, bacteria, and parasites, but is rare to occur with leishmaniasis. Here the authors describe a case of VL presenting as immune reconstitution disease and hemophagocytosis in an HIV infected patient coming from a nonendemic area .

PMID: 19535493 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

4: Fitoterapia. 2009 Jan 23. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

Antitrypanosomal activity of polycarpol from Piptostigma preussi (Annonaceae).

Ngantchou I, Nkwengoua E, Nganso Y, Nyasse B, Denier C, Hannaert V, Schneider B.

Laboratory of Bio-organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon; UMR 5068, Groupe de Chimie Organique Biologique- LSPCMIB, Université Paul Sabatier, Bât II R1, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.

Polycarpol, sitosterol and sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside isolated for the first time from Piptostigma preussi (Annonaceae) occur regularly in some Annonaceae such as Piptostigma genus. Polycarpol exhibits interesting antitrypanosomal activity with an ED(50) value of 5.11 muM on Trypanosoma brucei cells. Moreover, it inhibits T. brucei glycolytic enzymes GAPDH and PFK with IC(50) values of 650 and 180 muM respectively.

PMID: 19535022 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

5: Parasit Vectors. 2009 Jun 17;2(1):26. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

Role of the domestic dog as a reservoir host of Leishmania donovani in eastern Sudan.

Hassan MM, Osman OF, El-Raba'a FM, Schallig HD, Elnaiem DE.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The study aims to determine the role of domestic dogs in transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 10 villages along the River Rahad in eastern Sudan to elucidate the role of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) as a reservoir host of Leishmania donovani. In this study, 87 dogs were screened for infection by Leishmania donovani. Blood and lymph node samples were taken from 87 and 33 dogs respectively and subsequently screened by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) test. Additional lymph node smears were processed for microscopy and parasite culture. Host preference of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) vector in the area, Phlebotomus orientalis, and other sandflies for the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus, E. Geoffrey, 1803), the genet (Genetta genetta, Linnaeus, 1758), the mongoose (Herpeistes ichneumon, Linnaeus, 1758), and the domestic dog were determined by counting numbers of sand flies attracted to CDC traps that were baited by these animals. RESULTS: DAT on blood samples detected anti-Leishmania antibodies in 6 samples (6.9%). Two out of 87 (2.3%) blood samples tested were PCR positive, giving an amplification product of 560 bp. The two positive samples by PCR were also positive by DAT. However, none of the 33 lymph nodes aspirates were Leishmania positive when screened by microscopy, culture and genus-specific PCR. The dog-baited trap significantly attracted the highest number of P. orientalis and sand fly species (P<0.001). This was followed by the Egyptian mongoose baited trap and less frequently by the genet baited trap. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the results obtained from host attraction studies indicate that dog is more attractive for P. orientalis than Egyptian mongoose, common genet and Nile rat.

PMID: 19534802 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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