Friday, July 3, 2009

What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results
Items 1 -6 of 6

1: Vet Parasitol. 2009 Jun 11. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

Seroreactivity against raw insect-derived recombinant KMPII, TRYP, and LACK Leishmania infantum proteins in infected dogs.

Todolí F, Pérez-Filgueira M, Galindo I, Gómez-Sebastián S, Escribano JM, Rodríguez-Cortés A, Alberola J.

Unitat de Farmacologia Veterinària and LeishLAB-Servei d'Anàlisi de Fàrmacs, Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Edifici V, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.

The recombinant proteins KMPII, TRYP, and LACK of Leishmania infantum were produced in baculovirus-infected Trichoplusia ni larvae and used to analyze the seroreactivity of 165 dog serum samples by the multiple-well ELISA technique (57 infected dogs with clinical signs, 46 naturally infected and 11 experimentally infected; and 108 non-infected dogs, 76 from non-endemic areas and 32 from endemic areas). Recombinant (r) KMPII was the most recognized antigen, as the majority of infected dogs seroreacted against it (0.75). This is the first report of seroreactivity against rTRYP (0.51) and rLACK (0.42) in L. infantum-infected dogs, since previous studies using recombinant TRYP and LACK proteins produced in prokaryotic systems failed to detect specific seroreactivity. All non-infected dogs were negative for rTRYP and rLACK, and only one of the 32 from endemic areas seroreacted against rKMPII. The results demonstrate that L. infantum-infected dogs develop humoral immunity against rKMPII, rTRYP, and rLACK antigens. There was substantial agreement between crude total L. infantum antigen (CTLA)-based ELISA and rKMPII ELISA (kappa=0.664), although this was higher than that found between the CTLA-based ELISA and rTRYP (kappa=0.427) or rLACK (kappa=0.343) ELISA, which can be interpreted as fair and moderate agreement, respectively. Ninety-three percent of the infected dogs analyzed developed specific antibodies against at least one of these three recombinant antigens. When the three recombinant antigen-based ELISA techniques were evaluated in parallel, almost perfect agreement (kappa=0.880) with CTLA-based ELISA was observed, with a specificity of 0.97 and a sensitivity of 0.93 in relation to CTLA-based ELISA. Further studies using purified recombinant antigens in a single-well test or individually, depending on the objective of the study, are warranted.

PMID: 19570612 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2: Int J Dermatol. 2009 Jul;48(7):758-62.Click here to read

Efficacy of glucantime in the treatment of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Firdous R, Yasinzai M, Ranja K.

Pakistan Medical Research Council, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Cantt., Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Depending on the parasite species and host response, the disease presents itself in different clinical forms. The cutaneous form of the disease is most common in the Old World. Pentavalent antimonials in the form of an injection represent the most widely used therapy for all clinical forms of the disease. As a result of reports on the development of resistance from various parts of the world, we thought it pertinent to determine its response in our region. METHODS: Two hundred and seven military personnel with cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania major, were treated with glucantime according to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended protocol. All patients were nonindigenous to the area and had moved from a nonendemic area to a highly endemic area. RESULTS: Thirty-seven per cent of patients were cured within 15 days. The cure percentage reached 81% when 20 mg/kg/day was continued to 20 days. Twenty-five patients who failed to respond were subjected to a further course of glucantime injection. Sixteen responded by the 10th day of treatment, and the remaining nine were cured by completion of the second course, i.e. within 40 days. The drug was administered intramuscularly. The common side-effects noted were vertigo, headache, anorexia, temperature, and joint pain. CONCLUSION: Glucantime is still effective against Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis when used in the doses recommended by WHO.

PMID: 19570087 [PubMed - in process]

3: Int J Dermatol. 2009 Jul;48(7):740-2.Click here to read

Leprosy coinfection with kala-azar.

Rijal A, Rijal S, Bhandari S.

Department of Dermatology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Science, Dharan, Nepal. arpanarijal@yahoo.co.uk

Leprosy and visceral leishmanias are endemic in Nepal and are both major public health problems. Two patients of visceral leishmaniasis developed leprosy during the course of the disease. Leprosy and visceral leishmaniasis share a similar immunological spectrum and can occur concomitantly in endemic regions.

PMID: 19570081 [PubMed - in process]

4: J Infect Dis. 2009 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

Detection of Leishmania in Unaffected Mucosal Tissues of Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia) Species.

Figueroa RA, Lozano LE, Romero IC, Cardona MT, Prager M, Pacheco R, Diaz YR, Tellez JA, Saravia NG.

Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia.

Background. Leishmania (Viannia) species are the principal cause of mucosal leishmaniasis. The natural history and pathogenesis of mucosal disease are enigmatic. Parasitological evaluation of mucosal tissues has been constrained by the invasiveness of conventional sampling methods. Methods. We evaluated the presence ofLeishmania in the mucosa of 26 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and 2 patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Swab samples of the nasal mucosa, tonsils, and conjunctiva were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction with LV-B1 primers and Southern blot hybridization. Results. Two patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and 21 (81%) of 26 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis had Leishmania kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA) in mucosal tissues. kDNA was amplified from swab samples of nasal mucosa from 14 (58%) of 24 patients, tonsils from 13 (46%) of 28 patients, and conjunctiva from 6 (25%) of 24 patients. kDNA was detected in the mucosa of patients with cutaneous disease caused by Leishmania panamensis, Leishmania guyanensis, and Leishmania braziliensis. Conclusion. The asymptomatic presence of parasites in mucosal tissues may be common in patients with Leishmania (Viannia) infection.

PMID: 19569974 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

5: Vet Parasitol. 2009 May 12;161(3-4):194-200. Epub 2009 Feb 10.Click here to read LinkOut

Molecular profiles of Venezuelan isolates of Trypanosoma sp. by random amplified polymorphic DNA method.

Perrone TM, Gonzatti MI, Villamizar G, Escalante A, Aso PM.

Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Fisiología de Parásitos, Km 11 Carretera Panamericana, Estado Miranda, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.

Nine Trypanosoma sp. Venezuelan isolates, initially presumed to be T. evansi, were collected from three different hosts, capybara (Apure state), horse (Apure state) and donkey (Guarico state) and compared by the random amplification polymorphic DNA technique (RAPD). Thirty-one to 46 reproducible fragments were obtained with 12 of the 40 primers that were used. Most of the primers detected molecular profiles with few polymorphisms between the seven horse, capybara and donkey isolates. Quantitative analyses of the RAPD profiles of these isolates revealed a high degree of genetic conservation with similarity coefficients between 85.7% and 98.5%. Ten of the primers generated polymorphic RAPD profiles with two of the three Trypanosoma sp. horse isolates, namely TeAp-N/D1 and TeGu-N/D1. The similarity coefficient between these two isolates and the rest, ranged from 57.9% to 68.4% and the corresponding dendrogram clustered TeAp-N/D1 and Te Gu-N/D1 in a genetically distinct group.

PMID: 19286320 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

6: Vet Parasitol. 2009 May 12;161(3-4):316-9. Epub 2009 Feb 6.Click here to read LinkOut

Disseminated central nervous system disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi in a horse.

Berlin D, Loeb E, Baneth G.

School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel. berlin@agri.huji.ac.il

Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi ("Surra") is mainly a wasting disease affecting equids, camels and cattle as well as other domestic and wild animal species. In horses, infection may cause severe neurological abnormalities; however, the clinical progression, pathogenesis and molecular ante-mortem detection of this form of the disease have not been described in detail. A mare with progressive ataxia, head tilt, nystagmus and cranial nerve deficits submitted to treatment was diagnosed with central nervous system trypanosomiasis following the detection of a Trypanosoma tryposmastigote in cerebrospinal fluid cytology. Histopathology following necropsy showed that the brain, spinal cord and kidneys were the main affected tissues with disseminated multifocal non-suppurative meningoencephalitis of the central nervous system and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Serology for T. evansi was positive and PCR indicated the presence of parasite DNA in the cerebellum, brain stem, spinal cord and bone marrow but not in other organs and confirmed the identity of causative agent as T. evansi. This is the first report of ante-mortem detection of T. evansi in the cerebrospinal fluid of a horse and the first description of post-mortem PCR identification of the parasite DNA in the nervous system.

PMID: 19251368 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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