Saturday, August 1, 2009

What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results
Items 1 -5 of 5

1: Georgian Med News. 2009 Jul-Aug;(172-173):76-80.

New data on epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in georgia.

Zenaishvili O, Gugushvili G, Chubabria G, Manjgaladze M, Kokaia N.

S.S. Virsaladze Research Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine.

Visceral leishmaniasis is spread as sporadic cases in eastern regions of Ceorgia. In Ceorgia as throughout the world steady increase of the disease incidence is observed. It is related to socio-economic crisis of population, increase in the number of invaded dogs and global waming processes. In west Georgia visceral leishmaniasis cases were never observed in the past. From 2004 to 2008 authors registered 10 local cases of visceral leishmaniasis in kutaisi (8 children and 2 adult patients). It should be noted that from these 10 patients eight resided in sapichkia area and two were from other areas of kutaisi. Authors consider that the detailed epidemiologic evaluation of the above mentionedcases should be carried out urgently to avoid the emergence of new endemic of visceral leishmaniasis in west Georgia.

PMID: 19644197 [PubMed - in process]

2: Am J Pathol. 2009 Jul 30. [Epub ahead of print]

SIGNR1-Negative Red Pulp Macrophages Protect against Acute Streptococcal Sepsis After Leishmania donovani-Induced Loss of Marginal Zone Macrophages.

Kirby AC, Beattie L, Maroof A, van Rooijen N, Kaye PM.

Centre for Immunology and Infection,* Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, United Kingdom, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Marginal zone macrophages in the murine spleen play an important role in the capture of blood-borne pathogens and are viewed as an essential component of host defense against the development of pneumococcal sepsis. However, we and others have previously described the loss of marginal zone macrophages associated with the splenomegaly that follows a variety of viral and protozoal infections; this finding raises the question of whether these infected mice would become more susceptible to secondary pneumococcal infection. Contrary to expectations, we found that mice lacking marginal zone macrophages resulting from Leishmania donovani infection have increased resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 and do not develop sepsis. Using biophotonic imaging, we observed that pneumococci are rapidly trapped in the spleens of L. donovani-infected mice. By selective depletion studies using clodronate liposomes, depleting monoclonal antibodies specific for Ly6C/G and Ly6G, and CD11c-DTR mice, we show that the enhanced early resistance in L. donovani-infected mice is entirely due to the activity of SIGNR1(-) red pulp macrophages. Our data demonstrate, therefore, that the normal requirement for SIGNR1(+) marginal zone macrophages to protect against a primary pneumococcal infection can, under conditions of splenomegaly, be readily compensated for by activated red pulp macrophages.

PMID: 19644016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

3: J Parasitol. 2009 Jun;95(3):652-5. Epub 2008 Dec 30.

Clinical and epidemiological features of visceral leishmaniasis and hiv co-infection in fifteen patients from Brazil.

Daher EF, Fonseca PP, Gerhard ES, Silva Leitão TM, Silva Júnior GB.

Cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have regularly been recorded, mainly in southern Europe. HIV infection can increase the risk of VL development by 10-100 times in endemic areas. We describe the occurrence of this co-infection in 15 patients from Brazil. The mean age of the patients was 38 +/- 8.8 yr, with 86.6% males. The mean time between HIV diagnosis and the onset of visceral leishmaniasis was 44 +/- 39 mo. The main signs and symptoms presented at admission were splenomegaly (73%), weight loss (73%), cough (67%), fever (67%), asthenia (60%), and diarrhea (60%). The mean T CD4+ lymphocyte count was 173.7 +/- 225.6 cells/mm(3), and viral load was 51,030 +/- 133,737/mm(3). Treatment consisted of pentavalent antimonials (67% of cases). Most (87%) patients recovered from VL infection; death occurred in 1 patient due to septic shock. VL is an important opportunistic infection in HIV patients, which is potentially fatal, even when correct treatment is completed. Treatment should be done with pentavalent antimonials or amphotericin B in the case of relapse. Although there is no consensus, secondary prophylaxis should be considered in severe cases.

PMID: 19642802 [PubMed - in process]

4: Medizinhist J. 2009;44(1):6-41.LinkOut

[The Department for Tropical Medicine of the Robert Koch-Institute during the "Third Reich": research areas, actors, and contributions to Nazi expansionist politics]

[Article in German]

Hinz-Wessels A, Hulverscheidt MA.

Institut für Geschichte der Medizin, Charité Centrum 1 für Human-und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Berlin. annette.hinz-wessels@charite.de

Using the methods of institutional history, this article examines the Department for Tropical Medicine of the Robert Koch-Institute for Infectious Diseases in Berlin. The Heads of Department were deeply involved in the crimes against humanity during National Socialism. The relationship between science and politics is analysed with regard to the so-called self-mobilization of scientists, especially during Word War II. Particularly Gerhard Rose accumulated various posts in science, the military and in state organizations during National Socialism, extending in this way his influence on research in tropical medicine.

Personal Name as Subject:
Schilling C
Rose G

PMID: 19496524 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

5: Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2009 Mar;27(3):165-7. Epub 2009 Feb 11.Click here to read LinkOut

[Prenatal screening for Trypanosoma cruzi and human T lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 in pregnant Latin American women.]

[Article in Spanish]

Ramos JM, Milla A, Sánchez V, Vergés M, Toro C, Gutiérrez F.

Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, España. jramosrincon@yahoo.es

INTRODUCTION: To estimate the seroprevalence of infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) in pregnant Latin American women. METHODS: Serological survey carried out in pregnant Latin American women attending the antenatal care clinic of a Spanish hospital from January 2006 to June 2007. RESULTS: Of the 229 women enrolled, 4 had antibodies against T. cruzi (1.75%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.68-4.4); 2 of these women came from Bolivia (13.33%; 95% CI, 3.73-37.88) and the other 2 from Paraguay (11.76%; 95% CI, 3.29-34.33). None of the women had anti-HTLV-1 antibodies (95% CI, 0-1.6), and 2 had HTLV-2 antibodies (0.87; 95% CI, 0.24-3.12). CONCLUSIONS: A notable percentage of pregnant immigrant women from Latin American had T. cruzi infection. The seroprevalence of HTLV infection is low.

PMID: 19306717 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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