Saturday, September 5, 2009

What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results
Items 1 -7 of 7

1: Microbiology. 2009 Sep 3. [Epub ahead of print]

The distribution pattern of PCNA in the nuclei of Leishmania donovani.

Kumar D, Minocha N, Rajanala K, Saha S.

University of Delhi South Campus;

DNA replication in eukaryotes is a highly conserved process marked by the licensing of multiple origins with pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly in G1 phase, followed by the onset of replication at these origins in S phase. The two strands replicate by different mechanisms and DNA synthesis is brought about by the activity of the replicative DNA polymerases Pol delta and Pol epsilon. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) augments the processivity of these polymerases by serving as a DNA sliding clamp protein. This study reports the cloning of PCNA from the protozoan Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of the systemic disease Visceral Leishmaniasis. PCNA is demonstrated to be robustly expressed in actively proliferating Leishmania donovani promastigotes. We find that the protein is primarily present in the nucleus throughout the cell cycle both in proliferating procyclic as well as metacyclic promastigotes. However, levels of expression of PCNA vary through cell cycle progression, with maximum expression evident in G1 and S phases. The subnuclear pattern of expression of PCNA differs in different stages of the cell cycle, forming distinct subnuclear foci in S phase while being distributed in a more diffuse pattern in G2/M and post-mitotic cells. These subnuclear foci are the sites of active DNA replication, suggesting that replication factories exist in Leishmania as they do in higher eukaryotes, thus opening avenues for investigating other Leishmania proteins that are involved in DNA replication as part of these replication factories.

PMID: 19729406 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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2: Vet Parasitol. 2009 Aug 13. [Epub ahead of print]

Ticks and haemoparasites of dogs from Praia, Cape Verde.

Götsch S, Leschnik M, Duscher G, Burgstaller JP, Wille-Piazzai W, Joachim A.

Institute of Parasitology and Zoology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinical Department of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.

In February 2008 an epidemiological field study on arthropod-borne infections in dogs was carried out in Praia, the capital city of Cape Verde. For this purpose 130 dogs were included in the study. Of these, 94.6% were infested with ticks. Altogether, 1293 ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus (in all evaluated cases R. sanguineus) were collected. Examination for haemotropic parasites was performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lymph node fine-needle aspirates were screened by PCR for Leishmania infantum infections in 20 dogs with enlarged lymph nodes. Our investigation revealed two species of protozoa (Babesia canis vogeli and Hepatozoon canis) and two species of rickettsiae (Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis). In 101 dogs (77.7%) DNA of one or more pathogens was detected. The PCR examination for H. canis was positive in 83 dogs (63.8%), for E. canis in 34 dogs (26.2%), for A. platys in 10 dogs (7.7%) and for B. canis in five dogs (3.8%), whereas neither B. gibsoni nor L. infantum DNA could be detected. Of the infected dogs, 71.3% had a monoinfection, 27.7% had infections with two pathogens and 1.0% with three pathogens. B. canis, H. canis, E. canis, A. platys and their vector tick R. sanguineus are endemic to Cape Verde and can be present in dogs in high prevalences. These results outline the risk of importing tropical canine diseases when Capeverdian stray dogs are taken to Europe.

PMID: 19729247 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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3: Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2009 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print]

[Visceral leishmaniasis infection in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with adalimumab: A case description and literature review.]

[Article in Spanish]

Moreno D, Martínez P, Berbegal J, Femenia M.

Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Marina Alta, Denia, Alicante, España.

PMID: 19729230 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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4: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2009 Aug 31. [Epub ahead of print]

Cell-cycle synchronisation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei using Vybrant DyeCycle Violet-based sorting.

Kabani S, Waterfall M, Matthews KR.

Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT; United Kingdom.

Studies on the cell-cycle of Trypanosoma brucei have revealed several unusual characteristics that differ from the model eukaryotic organisms. However, the inability to isolate homogenous population of parasites in distinct cell cycle stages has limited the analysis of trypanosome cell division and complicated the understanding of mutant phenotypes with possible impact on cell-cycle related events. Although hydroxyurea-induced cell-cycle arrest in procyclic and bloodstream forms has been applied recently with success, such block-release protocols can complicate the analysis of cell-cycle regulated events and have the potential to disrupt important cell-cycle checkpoints. An alternative approach based on flow cytometry of parasites stained with Vybrant DyeCycle Orange circumvents this problem, but is restricted to procyclic form parasites. Here, we apply Vybrant Dyecycle Violet staining coupled with flow cytometry to effectively select different cell-cycle stages of bloodstream form trypanosomes. Moreover, the sorted parasites remain viable, although synchrony is rapidly lost. This method enables cell-cycle enrichment populations of trypanosomes in their mammal infective stage, particularly at the G1 phase.

PMID: 19729042 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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  • Hydroxyurea (Droxia®, Hydrea®)

    Your doctor has ordered hydroxyurea to help treat your illness. Hydroxyurea comes as a capsule to take by mouth.

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5: Exp Parasitol. 2009 Oct;123(2):182-9. Epub 2009 Aug 8.Click here to read OMIM (calculated), LinkOut

Trypanosoma cruzi SHSP16: Characterization of an alpha-crystallin small heat shock protein.

Pérez-Morales D, Ostoa-Saloma P, Espinoza B.

Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P., C.P. México DF, Mexico.

This report describes the characterization of a member of the alpha-crystallin small heat shock protein family in a trypanosomatid, which was isolated from the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. One alpha-crystallin small heat shock protein gene was identified in a database search. The coding region is located in an open reading frame of 429bp encoding a protein of 142 amino acids. The amino acid sequence was deduced from the isolated gene. The protein has an alpha-crystallin domain characteristic of the alpha-crystallin small heat shock proteins and a molecular weight of 15.9kDa, so the protein was designated SHSP16. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of four different T. cruzi strains showed two different sequences, which correspond to the two main T. cruzi genetic groups. Gene expression analysis by RT-PCR showed increased transcription of the gene after the parasite was exposed to heat stress. Recombinant SHSP16 showed molecular chaperone activity in vitro, because it inhibited the thermal aggregation of the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase enzyme.

PMID: 19595996 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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6: Exp Parasitol. 2009 Oct;123(2):173-81. Epub 2009 Jul 5.Click here to read LinkOut

Trypanosoma cruzi: Different methods of data analysis to evaluate the genetics-biology relationship.

Lala ER, Andó MH, Zalloum L, Bértoli M, de Oliveira Machado Dalalio M, Silveira TG, Gomes ML, Guedes TA, de Araújo SM.

Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde/UEM, Brazil.

The correlation of genetic and biological diversity in Trypanosoma cruzi was studied. Strains of T. cruzi II, isolated from humans; and of T. cruzi I, isolated from wild-animal reservoirs and from triatomines in the state of Paraná, Brazil, were used. Thirty-six biological parameters measured in vitro and six in vivo, related to growth kinetics and metacyclogenesis, susceptibility to benznidazole, macrophage infection, and experimental infection in mice were evaluated. Data from RAPD and SSR-PCR were used as genetic parameters. Mantel's test, group analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), and cladistical analyses were applied. With the Mantel's test, a low correlation was observed when parameters related to growth kinetics and metacyclogenesis in vitro and development of the experimental infection in vivo were included. The group analysis defined two groups that were separated as to whether they produced patent parasitemia in BALB/c mice. In the larger group, strains derived from wild reservoirs were separated from strains derived from triatomines and humans. The PCA identified two groups that differed as to whether they produced a parasitemia curve in mice. The cladistical analysis supported the previous results. This study shows the importance of the parasite-host relationship for the behavior of the strains, and that the combination of methods supports, extends, and clarifies the available information.

PMID: 19583967 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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7: J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2009 Jun;7(6):557-9.Click here to read LinkOut

[Growing nodi on hand and knee of a 33-years old patient from Brazil]

[Article in German]

Felcht M, Peitsch WK, Goerdt S, Klemke CD.

Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim. moritz.felcht@haut.ma.uni-heidelberg.de

PMID: 19527344 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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