Thursday, September 10, 2009

What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results
Items 1 -6 of 6

1: Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2009 Jul-Aug;51(4):231-6.

Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Colombia resistant to meglumine antimonial treatment.

Vélez ID, Colmenares LM, Muñoz CA.

Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia, idvelez@udea.edu.co.

PMID: 19739006 [PubMed - in process]

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2: FEBS Lett. 2009 Sep 5. [Epub ahead of print]

Membrane Binding Requirements For The Cytolytic Activity Of Leishmania Amazonensis Leishporin.

Castro-Gomes T, Almeida-Campos FR, Calzavara-Silva CE, Silva RA, Frézard F, Horta MF.

Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia e Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

To lyse cells, some pore-forming proteins need to bind to receptors on their targets. Studying the binding requirements of L. amazonensis leishporin, we have shown that protease-treated erythrocytes are as sensitive to leishporin-mediated lysis as untreated cells, indicating that protein receptors are dispensable. Similarly, carbohydrate receptors do not seem to be needed, since several sugars do not inhibit leishporin-mediated hemolysis. Conversely, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), but not cholesterol, completely inhibits leishporin-mediated lysis. DPPC liposomes, with or without cholesterol, are lysed by leishporin and remove its lytic activity. Our results demonstrate that leishporin is a cholesterol-independent cytolysin that binds directly to phospholipids.

PMID: 19737559 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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3: Trop Med Int Health. 2009 Sep 7. [Epub ahead of print]

Leishmaniasis in Turkey: molecular characterization of Leishmania from human and canine clinical samples.

Toz SO, Nasereddin A, Ozbel Y, Ertabaklar H, Culha G, Sevil N, Ziya Alkan M, Jaffe CL.

Department of Parasitology, Ege University Medical School, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.

Summary Human leishmaniasis, both visceral and cutaneous, and canine leishmaniasis have been reported in Turkey for centuries. However, the advent of new diagnostic tools during the last 30 years has led to the recognition that leishmaniasis is an important public health problem throughout the country. In most disease foci both canine and human leishmaniases exist together and identification of parasite species causing these diseases is a pre-requisite for understanding disease epidemiology. A total of 109 samples obtained from human and canine leishmaniasis cases were examined using internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Our results indicate that two species, Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum, are primarily responsible for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, respectively, in Turkey. However, a new focus of human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum in Hatay region is described. This finding further stresses the importance of Leishmania species molecular characterization in prescribing appropriate therapy and understanding the disease's transmission in different endemic foci.

PMID: 19737374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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4: J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2009 Sep-Oct;56(5):454-8.

Bodo sp., a free-living flagellate, expresses divergent proteolytic activities from the closely related parasitic trypanosomatids.

D'Avila-Levy CM, Volotão AC, Araújo FM, de Jesus JB, Motta MC, Vermelho AB, Santos AL, Branquinha MH.

Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. davila.levy@ioc.fiocruz.br

We report the characterization of cell-associated and extracellular peptidases of Bodo sp., a free-living flagellate of the Bodonidae family, order Kinetoplastida, which is considered ancestral to the trypanosomatids. This bodonid isolate is phylogenetically related to Bodo caudatus and Bodo curvifilus. The proteolytic activity profiles of Bodo sp. were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing co-polymerized gelatin, casein, hemoglobin, or bovine serum albumin as substrates. The enzymatic complex degraded gelatin better in acidic pH, and under these conditions four proteolytic bands (120, 100, 90, and 75 kDa) were detected in the cellular or extracellular extracts. Two peptidases (250 and 200 kDa) were exclusively detected with the substrate casein. All these enzymes belong to the serine peptidase class, based on inhibition by aprotinin and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. This is the first biochemical characterization of peptidases in a free-living Bodo sp., potentially providing insight into the physiology of these protozoa and the evolutionary importance of peptidases to the order Kinetoplastida as some of these enzymes are important virulence factors in pathogenic trypanosomatids.

PMID: 19737198 [PubMed - in process]

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Patient Drug Information

  • Fluoride (ACT®, APF Gel®, Control Rx®, ...)

    Fluoride is used to prevent tooth decay. It is taken up by teeth and helps to strengthen teeth, resist acid, and block the cavity-forming action of bacteria. Fluoride usually is prescribed for children and adults whose h...

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5: Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Jul 1;17(13):4313-22. Epub 2009 May 15.Click here to read LinkOut

Synthesis and in vitro antiplasmodial evaluation of 4-anilino-2-trichloromethylquinazolines.

Verhaeghe P, Azas N, Hutter S, Castera-Ducros C, Laget M, Dumètre A, Gasquet M, Reboul JP, Rault S, Rathelot P, Vanelle P.

Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Universités d'Aix Marseille I, II et III-CNRS, UMR 6264, Marseille cedex 05, France.

To identify a new safe antiplasmodial molecular scaffold, an original series of 2-trichloromethylquinazolines, functionalized in position 4 by an alkyl- or arylamino substituent, was synthesized from 4-chloro-2-trichloromethylquinazoline 1, via a cheap, fast and efficient solvent-free operating procedure. Among the 40 molecules prepared, several exhibit a good profile with both a significant antiplasmodial activity on the W2 Plasmodium falciparum strain (IC(50) values: 0.4-2.2 microM) and a promising toxicological behavior regarding human cells (HepG2/W2 selectivity indexes: 40-83), compared to the antimalarial drug compounds chloroquine and doxycycline. The in vitro antitoxoplasmic and antileishmanial evaluations were conducted in parallel on the most active molecules, showing that these ones specifically display antiplasmodial properties.

PMID: 19482476 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Patient Drug Information

  • Doxycycline (Doryx®, Monodox®, Vibramycin® Calcium Syrup, ...)

    Doxycycline is used to treat bacterial infections, including pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections; Lyme disease; acne; infections of skin, genital, and urinary systems; and anthrax (after inhalational exposur...

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6: Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2009 Jul;27(1):9-16. Epub 2008 Nov 21.Click here to read Nucleotide, Substance, Taxonomy via GenBank, Protein, LinkOut

The immune response differentially regulates Hsp70 and glucocorticoid receptor expression in vitro and in vivo in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

Stolte EH, Chadzinska M, Przybylska D, Flik G, Savelkoul HF, Verburg-van Kemenade BM.

Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Heat shock or stress proteins and glucocorticoids (cortisol) regulate a sequential pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression profile to effectively kill pathogens, whilst minimizing damage to the host. Cortisol elicits its effects through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) for which Hsp70 and Hsp90 are required as chaperones. In common carp, (Cyprinus carpio) duplicated glucocorticoid receptor genes and splice variants with different cortisol sensitivities exist. We investigated the expression profiles of heat shock proteins Hsp70, Hsc70, Hsp90alpha and Hsp90beta and the three different variants of GR in vitro in and in vivo to define their role in immune modulation. A rapid transient induction of GR1 (a and b) and Hsp70 was seen after LPS treatment in vitro in head kidney phagocytes, whereas cortisol treatment did not affect constitutive or LPS-induced expression of Hsp70 or GR1 expression. In vivo zymosan-induced peritonitis upregulated GR and Hsp70 expression which appears to increase sensitivity for cortisol-induced immune modulation. Indeed, the increased GR and Hsp70 expression correlates with inhibition of both LPS- and zymosan-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Infection with the blood parasite T. borreli decreases GR1a expression in thymus, but increases GR2 expression in spleen. Differentially regulated expression of Hsp70 and of glucocorticoid receptor variants with different cortisol sensitivities, underlines their physiological importance in a balanced immune response.

PMID: 19061961 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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