Thursday, October 15, 2009

What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results
Items 1 -4 of 4

1: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]

Combined topical paromomycin and oral miltefosine treatment of mice experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) major leads to reduction in both lesion size and systemic parasite burdens.

Aguiar MG, Silva DL, Nunan FA, Nunan EA, Fernandes AP, Ferreira LA.

Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the activity of the combination of topical paromomycin gel and oral miltefosine for the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) major. Methods The efficacy of the combination, evaluated by measuring lesion size and parasite burden in the skin and spleen, was assessed in BALB/c mice infected by L. (L.) major. Miltefosine was administered orally at 25 mg/kg/day for 10 days, while 10% paromomycin gel was applied topically twice a day for 10 days. Results Treatment of the experimentally infected animals with topical paromomycin + oral miltefosine combination induced a statistically significant reduction in lesion size and parasite burden in the skin, with complete healing of ulcers, as compared with those treated with oral miltefosine or placebo. Furthermore, topical paromomycin + oral miltefosine combination was as effective as topical paromomycin alone to reduce the lesion size and parasite load in lesions. However, the efficacy of the combination was significantly higher than that observed for the other treatments, including topical paromomycin alone, in reducing the parasite burden in spleen. Conclusions The combination of topical paromomycin gel and oral miltefosine provides an enhanced efficacy in the treatment of L. (L.) major-infected mice, thus presenting a significantly higher activity than that observed for the monotherapeutic regimens.

PMID: 19825819 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2: Future Microbiol. 2009 Oct;4:1075-87.

African trypanosomiasis and antibodies: implications for vaccination, therapy and diagnosis.

Magez S, Radwanska M.

Department of Molecular & Cellular Interactions, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Rijvisschestraat 120, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium and Unit of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. stemagez@vub.ac.be.

African trypanosomiasis causes devastating effects on human populations and livestock herds in large parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Control of the disease is hampered by the lack of any efficient vaccination results in a field setting, and the severe side effects of current drug therapies. In addition, with the exception of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections, the diagnosis of trypanosomiasis has to rely on microscopic analysis of blood samples, as other specific tools are nonexistent. However, new developments in biotechnology, which include loop-mediated isothermal amplification as an adaptation to conventional PCR, as well as the antibody engineering that has allowed the development of Nanobody((R)) technology, offer new perspectives in both the detection and treatment of trypanosomiasis. In addition, recent data on parasite-induced B-cell memory destruction offer new insights into mechanisms of vaccine failure, and should lead us towards new strategies to overcome trypanosome defenses operating against the host immune system.

PMID: 19824795 [PubMed - in process]

3: Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos. 2008 Oct-Dec;15(4):1077-97.

[Juliano Moreira and the Gazeta Medica da Bahia]

[Article in Portuguese]

Jacobina RR, Gelman EA.

Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia Mestrado Saúde Ambiente e Trabalho, Largo do Terreiro de Jesus, 40025-010 Salvador, BA, Brasil. jacobina@ufba.br

Recent studies of Juliano Moreira have emphasized his work in Rio de Janeiro (1903-1933), but the main objective of this article is to describe his contribution to the Gazeta Medica da Bahia in the period before that (1893-1903). It describes the evolution of this magazine, which served as a vehicle for original research of the Bahian Tropicalist School. It presents Moreira's output in the Gazeta, in which he emerges as a student of dermatology, syphilology and parasitology, having identified cutaneous leishmaniasis for the first time in Brazil. At that time, he also consolidates his reputation as a professor in neuropsychiatry, conducting clinical studies in the field, analyzing treatment models and proposing changes in medical treatment. It highlights the importance of Moreira not only as a collaborator on the Gazeta during a decade, but also as an editor, as well as his role as chief editor (1901-1902).

PMID: 19824325 [PubMed - in process]

4: Eur J Med Chem. 2009 Oct;44(10):3909-14. Epub 2009 Apr 14.Click here to read LinkOut

5-Nitro-2-furyl derivative actives against Trypanosoma cruzi: preliminary in vivo studies.

Cabrera E, Murguiondo MG, Arias MG, Arredondo C, Pintos C, Aguirre G, Fernández M, Basmadjián Y, Rosa R, Pacheco JP, Raymondo S, Di Maio R, González M, Cerecetto H.

Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.

Ten 5-nitro-2-furyl derivatives, with good to excellent in vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity, and nifurtimox were tested oral and intraperitoneally on healthy animals for its acute toxicity on murine models. According to animals' survival percentage, organ histological results, biochemical and haematological findings, three new derivatives, with toxicity like nifurtimox, were selected to test in vivo as antichagasic agents. Clearly, dependences between chemical structure and both acute toxicity and in vivo anti-T. cruzi activity were observed. 4-Hexyl-1-[3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-propenylidene]semicarbazide displayed good profile as anti-T. cruzi agent and better acute toxicity profile than nifurtimox.

PMID: 19446929 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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