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Sent on Wednesday, 2009 Oct 28Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Parasitol Res. 2009 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]Comparison of microscopic examination, rK39, and PCR for visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis in Turkey.Ozerdem D, Eroglu F, Genc A, Demirkazik M, Koltas IS.Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana, Turkey. The laboratory diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis is based on microscopic examination, culture, serological tests, and molecular methods. In this study, we examined 50 blood specimens from suspected visceral leishmaniasis patients by microscopic examination, recombinant antigen dipstick test (rK39), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the University of Cukurova, Faculty of Medicine, Parasitology Department in Turkey. We calculated the sensitivity-specificity and positive-negative predictive values for these diagnostic tests. We found that positive predictive value of microscopy examination, rK39 dipstick test, and PCR were 20%, 24%, and 58% for visceral leishmaniasis, respectively. When we compared polymerase chain reaction, recombinant antigen dipstick test, and microscopic examination for visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis, the polymerase chain reaction is more sensitive (100%) than recombinant antigen dipstick test and microscopy examination. |
| PMID: 19859739 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 2. | J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009 Oct 24;3(9):735-738.Molecular identification of T. brucei s.l. in tsetse flies after long-term permanence in field traps.Gomes J, Leão C, Ferreira F, Afonso MO, Santos C, Josenando T, Seixas J, Atouguia J, Centeno-Lima S.Unidade de Clínica das Doenças Tropicais and Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais-LA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 96, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal. BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are responsible for the transmission of trypanosomes, agents of animal and Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). These diseases are associated with considerable animal and human economical loss, morbidity and mortality. The correct identification of trypanosomes species infecting tsetse flies is crucial for adequate control measures. Identification presently requires technically difficult, cumbersome and expensive on-site fly dissection. To obviate this difficulty we explored the possibility of correctly identifying trypanosomes in tsetse collected, under field conditions, only for number determination. METHODOLOGY: Tsetse flies, that remained exposed for weeks in field traps in the Vista Alegre HAT focus in Angola, were obtained. The flies were not dissected onsite and were stored at room temperature for months. DNA extraction using the whole tsetse bodies and PCR analysis were performed in 73 randomly chosen flies. RESULTS: Despite the extensive degradation of the tsetse, DNA extraction was conducted successfully in 62 out of the 73 flies. PCR analysis detected the presence of T. brucei s.l DNA in 3.2 % of the tsetse. CONCLUSIONS: This approach could be cost-effective and suitable for vector related HAT control activities in the context of countries where entomological trained personnel is missing and financial resources are limited. |
| PMID: 19858577 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 3. | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Oct 26. [Epub ahead of print]Hydrodynamic gene delivery of baboon trypanosome lytic factor eliminates both animal and human-infective African trypanosomes.Thomson R, Molina-Portela P, Mott H, Carrington M, Raper J.Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, 341, East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010. Several species of African trypanosomes cause fatal disease in livestock, but most cannot infect humans due to innate trypanosome lytic factors (TLFs). Human TLFs are pore forming high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles that contain apolipoprotein L-I (apoL-I) the trypanolytic component, and haptoglobin-related protein (Hpr), which binds free hemoglobin (Hb) in blood and facilitates the uptake of TLF via a trypanosome haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor. The human-infective Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense escapes lysis by TLF by expression of serum resistance-associated (SRA) protein, which binds and neutralizes apoL-I. Unlike humans, baboons are not susceptible to infection by T. b. rhodesiense due to previously unidentified serum factors. Here, we show that baboons have a TLF complex that contains orthologs of Hpr and apoL-I and that full-length baboon apoL-I confers trypanolytic activity to mice and when expressed together with baboon Hpr and human apoA-I, provides protection against both animal infective and the human-infective T. brucei rhodesiense in vivo. We further define two critical lysines near the C terminus of baboon apoL-1 that are necessary and sufficient to prevent binding to SRA and thereby confer resistance to human-infective trypanosomes. These findings form the basis for the creation of TLF transgenic livestock that would be resistant to animal and human-infective trypanosomes, which would result in the reduction of disease and the zoonotic transmission of human infective trypanosomes. |
| PMID: 19858474 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 4. | Infect Immun. 2009 Oct 26. [Epub ahead of print]Major Surface Protease (MSP, or GP63) of Trypanosomatids, One Size Fits All?Yao C.Department of Veterinary Sciences and Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070. Major surface protease (MSP, or GP63) is the most abundant glycoprotein localized to the plasma membrane of Leishmania promastigotes. It plays several important roles in the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis. These include, but are not limited to: 1) evading complement-mediated lysis, 2) facilitating macrophage (Mø) phagocytosis of promastigotes, 3) interacting with extracellular matrix, 4) inhibiting natural killer cellular functions, 5) resisting to antimicrobial peptide killing, 6) degrading cytosolic proteins of Mø and fibroblasts, and 7) promoting survival of the intracellular amastigotes in Mø. MSP homologues have been found in all other trypanosomatids studied to date including heteroxenous members of Trypanosoma cruzi, the extracellular T. brucei, unusual intraerythrocytic Endotrypanum spp., and phytoparasitic Phytomonas spp. and numerous monoxenous species. They very likely perform different roles than those in Leishmania spp. Multiple MSPs in individual cells may play distinct roles at some time points and collaborative roles at the others in trypanosomatid life cycles; they may play redundant roles at most time. The cellular locations and the extracellular release of MSPs are also discussed in connection with MSP functions in leishmanial promastigotes. |
| PMID: 19858295 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 5. | Ugeskr Laeger. 2009 Oct 26;171(44):3175-3178.[Climate- and vector-borne diseases.][Article in Danish] Bygbjerg IC, Schiøler KL, Konradsen F.International Sundhed, ISIM, CSS, DK-1014 København K. iby@sund.ku.dk. The predicted changes in climate have raised concerns that vector-borne diseases may emerge or expand in tempered regions. Malaria, leishmaniasis and tick-borne illnesses are discussed in terms of climate change and their endemic potential, especially in Denmark. While climate may play an important role in disease patterns, it is evident that transmission potential is governed by a complex of factors, including socio-economy, health-care capacity and ecology. In Denmark, malaria and leishmaniasis are unlikely to become public health problems, whereas the potential for tick-borne illnesses may increase. |
| PMID: 19857395 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 6. | Wiad Parazytol. 2009;55(3):195-200.[Visceral leishmaniasis as a threat for non-endemic countries][Article in Polish] Górski S, Wiercińska-Drapało A.Szpitalny Oddział Ratunkowy, Szpital św. Anny w Miechowie, ul. Szpitalna 3, 32-200 Miechów. kaspian10@yahoo.com Global warming, globalisation, and constantly increasing number of people involved in long-distance tourism and travel to exotic destinations are likely to increase the number of cases of exotic diseases "imported" to nonendemic countries. One of the often forgotten and neglected diseases has been visceral leishmaniasis (VL or kala-azar). The disease is endemic to 62 countries, with India and Sudan accounting for the majority of the cases. It is typically fatal if left untreated. Each year about 500 000 new cases are reported worldwide, and 50 000 die as a result of the disease. Kala-azar is present in the Mediterranean Europe and 70% of cases are imported to non-endemic countries of European Union from that area. Immunocompromised status of patients, like HIV carriers are the principal prospective target for kala-azar. HIV/VL-coinfected patients have significantly higher relapse rates and decreased life expectancy. There is no formal system of reporting imported cases in Europe, except from Germany. In non-endemic countries, including Poland, there is usually the substantial delay between the onset of symptoms and the final diagnosis, with an average exceeding 3 months. This fact suggests that physicians are not familiar with leishmania infections. Despite progress in vaccine development, the only way to prevent the infection is avoiding sandfly bites. Mosquito nets, wearing appropriate clothes and repellents containing DEET (diethyl toluamide) can reduce number of bites and protect also from the other vector-borne diseases like malaria or dengue. Education concerning kala-azar risk and ways of the disease prevention is a needed for tourists and the other travelers. |
| PMID: 19856834 [PubMed - in process] | |
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