What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

This message contains My NCBI what's new results from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Do not reply directly to this message.

Sender's message:

Sent on Thursday, 2009 Dec 03
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
Click here to view complete results in PubMed. (Results may change over time.)
To unsubscribe from these e-mail updates click here.

PubMed Results

Items 1 -8 of 8

1.	Biotechnol Bioeng. 2009 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print] Flow cytometry-based methods for assessing soluble scFv activities and detecting antigens in solution. Gray SA, Weigel KM, Miller KD, Ndung'u J, Büscher P, Tran T, Baird C, Cangelosi GA. Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Ave. N.; Suite 500; Seattle, WA 98109. Novel methods are reported for evaluating and utilizing single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies derived from yeast-display libraries. Yeast-display was used to select scFv specific to invariant surface glycoproteins (ISG) of Trypanosoma brucei. A limiting step in the isolation of scFv from nonimmune libraries is the conversion of highly active yeast-displayed scFv into soluble antibodies that can be used in standard immunoassays. Challenges include limited solubility or activity following secretion and purification of scFv. For this reason, few scFv derived from yeast-display platforms have moved into development and implementation as diagnostic reagents. To address this problem, assays were developed that employ both yeast-displayed and secreted scFv as analytical reagents. The first is a competitive inhibition flow cytometry (CIFC) assay that detects secreted scFv by virtue of their ability to competitively inhibit the binding of biotinylated antigen to yeast-displayed scFv. The second is an epitope binning assay that uses secreted scFv to identify additional yeast-displayed scFv that bind nonoverlapping or noncompeting epitopes on an antigen. The epitope binning assay was used not only to identify sandwich assay pairs with yeast-displayed scFv, but also to identify active soluble scFv present in low concentration in a crude expression extract. Finally, a CIFC assay was developed that bypasses entirely the need for soluble scFv expression, by using yeast-displayed scFv to detect unlabeled antigen in samples. These methods will facilitate the continued development and practical implementation of scFv derived from yeast-display libraries. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
	PMID: 19953671 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2.	Phytother Res. 2009 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print] The leishmanicidal effect of (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol, an oxylipin isolated from Tridax procumbens, is independent of NO production. Martín-Quintal Z, Del Rosario García-Miss M, Mut-Martín M, Matus-Moo A, Torres-Tapia LW, Peraza-Sánchez SR. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 #130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México 97200 (CICY). The in vitro leishmanicidal effect of (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol (1) isolated from Tridax procumbens whole plant against Leishmania mexicana, the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (chiclero's ulcer) in the New World, was investigated. This oxylipin showed significant in vitro activity against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of L. mexicana. Its inhibitory effect on amastigotes was not due to activation of NO in recombinant gamma-interferon-stimulated macrophages, since the production of NO was decreased in presence of the oxylipin. This is the first report on the leishmanicidal activity against the intracellular stage (amastigote) of the oxylipin (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
	PMID: 19953523 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

3.	Cell Stress Chaperones. 2009 Dec 2. [Epub ahead of print] The co-chaperone SGT of Leishmania donovani is essential for the parasite's viability. Ommen G, Chrobak M, Clos J. Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht St. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany. Molecular chaperone proteins play a pivotal role in the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani, controlling cell fate and ensuring intracellular survival. In higher eukaryotes, the so-called co-chaperone proteins are required for client protein recognition and proper function of chaperones, among them the small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat proteins (SGT) which interact with both HSP70 and HSP90 chaperones. An atypical SGT homolog is found in the L. donovani genome, encoding a protein lacking the C-terminal glutamine-rich region, normally typical for SGT family members. The gene is expressed constitutively during the life cycle and is essential for survival and/or growth of the parasites. LdSGT forms large, stable complexes that also include another putative co-chaperone, HSC70 interacting protein (HIP). The gene product forms cytoplasmic clusters, matching the subcellular distribution of HIP and partly that of the major cytoplasmic chaperones, HSP70 and HSP90, reflecting a direct molecular interaction with both chaperones.
	PMID: 19953351 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

4.	Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009 Nov 30. [Epub ahead of print] Management of Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Refugee Children. Crogan J, Gunasekera H, Wood N, Sheikh M, Isaacs D. From the *Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Refugee Clinic, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia; and daggerDiscipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. The optimal treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis is controversial. We report our experience managing Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis in a pediatric Refugee Clinic. Conventional amphotericin B therapy caused reversible renal failure in 2 of 3 children treated. The choice of treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis needs to balance the risks of treatment against the likely cosmetic benefits of therapy.
	PMID: 19952859 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

5.	FASEB J. 2009 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print] Trypanothione efficiently intercepts nitric ox ide as a harmless iron complex in trypanosomatid parasites. Bocedi A, Dawood KF, Fabrini R, Federici G, Gradoni L, Pedersen JZ, Ricci G. *Department of Biology, University of Rome Roma Tre, Rome, Italy;Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies andDepartment of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;Children's Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Bambin Gesù, Rome, Italy; and ||Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. Trypanosomatids are protozoan organisms that cause serious diseases, including African sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease, and leishmaniasis, affecting about 30 million people in the world. These parasites contain the unusual dithiol trypanothione [T(SH)2] instead of glutathione (GSH) as the main intracellular reductant, and they have replaced the otherwise ubiquitous GSH/glutathione reductase redox couple with a T(SH)2/trypanothione reductase (TR) system. The reason for the existence of T(SH)2 in parasitic organisms has remained an enigma. Here, we show that T(SH)2 is able to intercept nitric oxide and labile iron and form a dinitrosyl-iron complex with at least 600 times higher affinity than GSH. Accumulation of the paramagnetic dinitrosyl-trypanothionyl iron complex in vivo was observed in Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania infantum exposed to nitric oxide. While the analogous dinitrosyl-diglutathionyl iron complex formed in mammalian cells is a potent irreversible inhibitor of glutathione reductase (IC50=4 muM), the T(SH)2 complex does not inactivate TR even at millimolar levels. The peculiar capacity of T(SH)2 to sequester NO and iron in a harmless stable complex could explain the predominance of this thiol in parasites regularly exposed to NO.-Bocedi, A., Dawood, K. F., Fabrini, R., Federici, G., Gradoni, L., Pedersen, J. Z., Ricci, G. Trypanothione efficiently intercepts nitric oxide as a harmless iron complex in trypanosomatid parasites.
	PMID: 19952282 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

6.	Dermatol Online J. 2009 Oct 15;15(10):13. Fissure leishmaniasis: A new variant of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Bari AU, Bari AU, Ejaz A. CMH, Peshawar, Peshawar, NWFP Pakistan. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) may appear at unusual sites or present with atypical morphologies. The lip is considered one of the unusual sites and a fissure of the lower lip is an atypical morphology that has not been described in CL. We report two cases of CL who presented as cutaneous fissures (on lower lip in one patient and dorsum of finger in another). They were diagnosed by demonstrating leishmania parasites in skin smear preparations and were treated accordingly.
	PMID: 19951631 [PubMed - in process]

7.	Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print] Increasing Incidence of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis in a Population-Based Study in Bangladesh. Rahman KM, Islam S, Rahman MW, Kenah E, Galive CM, Zahid MM, Maguire J, Rahman M, Haque R, Luby SP, Bern C. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and 2Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 3University of Washington, Seattle; 4Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and 5Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) occurs after kala-azar treatment and acts as a durable infection reservoir. On the basis of active case finding among 22,699 respondents, 813 (3.6%) had had kala-azar since 2002, of whom 79 (9.7%) developed PKDL. Eight additional patients with PKDL had no history of kala-azar. Annual kala-azar incidence peaked at 85 cases per 10,000 person-years in 2004 and fell to 46 cases per 10,000 person-years in 2007, but PKDL incidence rose from 1 case per 10,000 person-years in 2002-2004 to 21 cases per 10,000 person-years in 2007. The rising PKDL incidence threatens the regional visceral leishmaniasis elimination initiative and underscores the urgent need for more effective PKDL diagnosis and treatment.
	PMID: 19951168 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

8.	Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print] Miltefosine Treatment of Leishmania major Infection: An Observational Study Involving Dutch Military Personnel Returning from Northern Afghanistan. van Thiel PP, Leenstra T, Kager PA, de Vries HJ, van Vugt M, van der Meide WF, Bart A, Zeegelaar JE, van der Sluis A, Schallig HD, van Gool T, Faber WR, de Vries PJ. Departments of 1Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS and Center for Infection and Immunity, 2Dermatology, and 3Medical Microbiology, Section of Parasitology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and 4Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen Biomedical Research, Parasitology Unit, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, and 5Netherlands Ministry of Defence, The Hague, the Netherlands. In a retrospective, observational study involving 34 patients with Leishmania major infection, 31 of whom had experienced unsuccessful treatment with intralesional antimony (ilSb(v)), miltefosine proved effective. Thirty patients experienced cure after receipt of miltefosine, 3 after receipt of additional ilSb(v), and 1 after 28 daily intravenous injections of antimony. Temporary diminution of ejaculate volume was reported by 21 patients.
	PMID: 19951107 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]