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Sent on Friday, 2009 Dec 18Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009 Dec 15;3(12):e565.Discrepant Prevalence and Incidence of Leishmania Infection between Two Neighboring Villages in Central Mali Based on Leishmanin Skin Test Surveys.Oliveira F, Doumbia S, Anderson JM, Faye O, Diarra SS, Traoré P, Cisse M, Camara G, Tall K, Coulibaly CA, Samake S, Sissoko I, Traoré B, Diallo D, Keita S, Fairhurst RM, Valenzuela JG, Kamhawi S.Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America. Apart from a single report, the last publication of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Mali dates back more than 20 years. The absence of information on the current status of CL in Mali led us to conduct a cohort study in Kemena and Sougoula, two villages in Central Mali from which cases of CL have been recently diagnosed by Mali's reference dermatology center in Bamako. In May 2006, we determined the baseline prevalence of Leishmania infection in the two villages using the leishmanin skin test (LST). LST-negative individuals were then re-tested over two consecutive years to estimate the annual incidence of Leishmania infection. The prevalence of Leishmania infection was significantly higher in Kemena than in Sougoula (45.4% vs. 19.9%; OR: 3.36, CI: 2.66-4.18). The annual incidence of Leishmania infection was also significantly higher in Kemena (18.5% and 17% for 2007 and 2008, respectively) than in Sougoula (5.7% for both years). These data demonstrate that the risk of Leishmania infection was stable in both villages and confirm the initial observation of a significantly higher risk of infection in Kemena (OR: 3.78; CI: 2.45-6.18 in 2007; and OR: 3.36; CI: 1.95-5.8 in 2008; P<0.005). The absence of spatial clustering of LST-positive individuals in both villages indicated that transmission may be occurring anywhere within the villages. Although Kemena and Sougoula are only 5 km apart and share epidemiologic characteristics such as stable transmission and random distribution of LST-positive individuals, they differ markedly in the prevalence and annual incidence of Leishmania infection. Here we establish ongoing transmission of Leishmania in Kemena and Sougoula, Central Mali, and are currently investigating the underlying factors that may be responsible for the discrepant infection rates we observed between them. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00344084. |
| PMID: 20016847 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 2. | PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009 Dec 15;3(12):e563.Spatial Predictions of Rhodesian Human African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) Prevalence in Kaberamaido and Dokolo, Two Newly Affected Districts of Uganda.Batchelor NA, Atkinson PM, Gething PW, Picozzi K, Fèvre EM, Kakembo AS, Welburn SC.Centre for Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. The continued northwards spread of Rhodesian sleeping sickness or Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) within Uganda is raising concerns of overlap with the Gambian form of the disease. Disease convergence would result in compromised diagnosis and treatment for HAT. Spatial determinants for HAT are poorly understood across small areas. This study examines the relationships between Rhodesian HAT and several environmental, climatic and social factors in two newly affected districts, Kaberamaido and Dokolo. A one-step logistic regression analysis of HAT prevalence and a two-step logistic regression method permitted separate analysis of both HAT occurrence and HAT prevalence. Both the occurrence and prevalence of HAT were negatively correlated with distance to the closest livestock market in all models. The significance of distance to the closest livestock market strongly indicates that HAT may have been introduced to this previously unaffected area via the movement of infected, untreated livestock from endemic areas. This illustrates the importance of the animal reservoir in disease transmission, and highlights the need for trypanosomiasis control in livestock and the stringent implementation of regulations requiring the treatment of cattle prior to sale at livestock markets to prevent any further spread of Rhodesian HAT within Uganda. |
| PMID: 20016846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 3. | Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Sep 15;17(18):6682-91. Epub 2009 Aug 6.Design, synthesis and cruzain docking of 3-(4-substituted-aryl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-N-acylhydrazones as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents.dos Santos Filho JM, Leite AC, de Oliveira BG, Moreira DR, Lima MS, Soares MB, Leite LF.Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Artur Sá S/N, Cidade Universitária, 50740-521 Recife, PE, Brazil. mauricio_santosfilho@yahoo.com.br Research in recent years has demonstrated that the Trypanosoma cruzi cysteine protease cruzain (TCC) is a valid chemotherapeutic target, since inhibitors of this protease affect the pathology appropriately. By exploring the N-acylhydrazones (NAH) as privileged structures usually present in antiparasitic agents, we investigated a library of 16 NAH bearing the 3-(4-substituted-aryl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole scaffold (NAH 3a-h, 4a-h). The in vitro bioactivity against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi was evaluated, and some NAH under study exhibited antitrypanosomal activity at concentrations that are not toxic to mammalian cells. The series of compounds based on the 3-(4-substituted-aryl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole scaffold revealed the remarkable importance of each substituent at the phenyl's 4-position for the inhibitory activity. Non-nitrated compounds 3a and 4e were found to be as potent as the reference drug, Benznidazole. In addition, the molecular origin of the antitrypanosomal properties for these series was investigated using docking studies of the TCC structure. |
| PMID: 19683450 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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