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Sent on Tuesday, 2010 Jan 26Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Neotrop Entomol. 2009 Nov-Dec;38(6):876-9.[Geographical distribution of the cortelezzii (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) complex in Brazil.][Article in Portuguese] Carvalho GM, Brazil RP, Falcão AL, Andrade Filho JD.Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Lab. de Leishmanioses, Centro de Referência Nacional e Internacional para Flebotomíneos, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002. There are nearly 500 species of sandflies in Americas, 30 of which are vectors of leishmaniasis. Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes), E. sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho) and E. corumbaensis (Galati et al) comprise the cortelezzii complex. These species are morphologically similar and many times misidentified. Due to the epidemiological importance recently attributed to this complex, a detailed study was carried out in order to correct wrongful information due to their misidentification, and update their geographical distribution. Evandromyia corumbaensis was found to have a regional distribution, while the other two species are widely distributed in the Brazilian territory. |
| PMID: 20098939 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 2. | Neotrop Entomol. 2009 Nov-Dec;38(6):853-8.Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the urban area of the municipality of Cian orte, Paraná State, Brazil.Cerino DA, Teodoro U, Silveira TG.Depto. de Análises Clínicas, Univ. Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900. The endemicity of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the Cianorte municipality, Paraná State the occurrence of human cases with the probable infection locus in the urban area, the presence of a permanently preserved modified native forest in the urban perimeter, and the lack of knowledge of the fauna of sand flies in the municipality provided the impetus for this study. The objective of this study was to assess the fauna, frequency and seasonality of the sand flies in the peridomicile, forest and urban area of this municipality. Sand flies were collected using Falcão light traps installed in the peridomicile and forest, from July 2005 to June 2006. A total of 755 sand flies were collected; Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho) (84.0%), followed by Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) (12.7%) were the predominant species. The number of sand flies collected in the peridomicile was significantly higher than in the forest (P = 0.0068). The small number of sand flies collected, especially in the forest, may be related to the modifications to the environment on the edge of the Parque Cinturão Verde, which surrounds the urban area of the municipality. Five species of sand flies were distinguished in the urban area of Cianorte, with greater frequencies found in the peridomicile, especially from November to April. Our data illustrate the necessity of maintaining the measures that contributed to reduce human contact with sand flies, thereby reducing the transmission risk of ACL. |
| PMID: 20098934 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 3. | Braz J Med Biol Res. 2010 Jan 15. pii: S0100-879X2009007500037. [Epub ahead of print]Cardiac and pulmonary alterations in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs infectednaturally with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi.Alves GB, Pinho FA, Silva SM, Cruz MS, Costa FA.Programa de Pós-graduaçao em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal do Piauí. |
| PMID: 20098840 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 4. | PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Jan 19;4(1):e584.Control of visceral leishmaniasis in latin america-a systematic review.Romero GA, Boelaert M.Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil. BACKGROUND: While three countries in South Asia decided to eliminate anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) by 2015, its control in other regions seems fraught with difficulties. Is there a scope for more effective VL control in the Americas where transmission is zoonotic? We reviewed the evidence on VL control strategies in Latin America-diagnosis, treatment, veterinary interventions, vector control-with respect to entomological and clinical outcomes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We searched the electronic databases of MEDLINE, LILACS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from 1960 to November 2008 and references of selected articles. Intervention trials as well as observational studies that evaluated control strategies of VL in the Americas were included. While the use of rapid diagnostic tests for VL diagnosis seems well established, there is a striking lack of evidence from clinical trials for drug therapy and few well designed intervention studies for control of vectors or canine reservoirs. CONCLUSION: Elimination of zoonotic VL in the Americas does not seem a realistic goal at this point given the lack of political commitment, gaps in scientific knowledge, and the weakness of case management and surveillance systems. Research priorities and current strategies should be reviewed with the aim of achieving better VL control. |
| PMID: 20098726 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 5. | PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Jan 22;6(1):e1000648.A multidimensional strategy to detect polypharmac ological targets in the absence of structural and sequence homology.Durrant JD, Amaro RE, Xie L, Urbaniak MD, Ferguson MA, Haapalainen A, Chen Z, Di Guilmi AM, Wunder F, Bourne PE, McCammon JA.Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America. Conventional drug design embraces the "one gene, one drug, one disease" philosophy. Polypharmacology, which focuses on multi-target drugs, has emerged as a new paradigm in drug discovery. The rational design of drugs that act via polypharmacological mechanisms can produce compounds that exhibit increased therapeutic potency and against which resistance is less likely to develop. Additionally, identifying multiple protein targets is also critical for side-effect prediction. One third of potential therapeutic compounds fail in clinical trials or are later removed from the market due to unacceptable side effects often caused by off-target binding. In the current work, we introduce a multidimensional strategy for the identification of secondary targets of known small-molecule inhibitors in the absence of global structural and sequence homology with the primary target protein. To demonstrate the utility of the strategy, we identify several targets of 4,5-dihydroxy-3-(1-naphthyldiazenyl)-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, a known micromolar inhibitor of Trypanosoma brucei RNA editing ligase 1. As it is capable of identifying potential secondary targets, the strategy described here may play a useful role in future efforts to reduce drug side effects and/or to increase polypharmacology. |
| PMID: 20098496 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 6. | PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Jan 19;4(1):e585.Climate change and risk of leishmaniasis in north america: predictions from ecological niche models of vector and reservoir species.González C, Wang O, Strutz SE, González-Salazar C, Sánchez-Cordero V, Sarkar S.Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México. BACKGROUND: Climate change is increasingly being implicated in species' range shifts throughout the world, including those of important vector and reservoir species for infectious diseases. In North America (México, United States, and Canada), leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is autochthonous in México and Texas and has begun to expand its range northward. Further expansion to the north may be facilitated by climate change as more habitat becomes suitable for vector and reservoir species for leishmaniasis. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The analysis began with the construction of ecological niche models using a maximum entropy algorithm for the distribution of two sand fly vector species (Lutzomyia anthophora and L. diabolica), three confirmed rodent reservoir species (Neotoma albigula, N. floridana, and N. micropus), and one potential rodent reservoir species (N. mexicana) for leishmaniasis in northern México and the United States. As input, these models used species' occurrence records with topographic and climatic parameters as explanatory variables. Models were tested for their ability to predict correctly both a specified fraction of occurrence points set aside for this purpose and occurrence points from an independently derived data set. These models were refined to obtain predicted species' geographical distributions under increasingly strict assumptions about the ability of a species to disperse to suitable habitat and to persist in it, as modulated by its ecological suitability. Models successful at predictions were fitted to the extreme A2 and relatively conservative B2 projected climate scenarios for 2020, 2050, and 2080 using publicly available interpolated climate data from the Third Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Report. Further analyses included estimation of the projected human population that could potentially be exposed to leishmaniasis in 2020, 2050, and 2080 under the A2 and B2 scenarios. All confirmed vector and reservoir species will see an expansion of their potential range towards the north. Thus, leishmaniasis has the potential to expand northwards from México and the southern United States. In the eastern United States its spread is predicted to be limited by the range of L. diabolica; further west, L. anthophora may play the same role. In the east it may even reach the southern boundary of Canada. The risk of spread is greater for the A2 scenario than for the B2 scenario. Even in the latter case, with restrictive (contiguous) models for dispersal of vector and reservoir species, and limiting vector and reservoir species occupancy to only the top 10% of their potential suitable habitat, the expected number of human individuals exposed to leishmaniasis by 2080 will at least double its present value. CONCLUSIONS: These models predict that climate change will exacerbate the ecological risk of human exposure to leishmaniasis in areas outside its present range in the United States and, possibly, in parts of southern Canada. This prediction suggests the adoption of measures such as surveillance for leishmaniasis north of Texas as disease cases spread northwards. Potential vector and reservoir control strategies-besides direct intervention in disease cases-should also be further investigated. |
| PMID: 20098495 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 7. | DNA Repair (Amst). 2010 Jan 22. [Epub ahead of print]Unwinding the functions of the Pif1 family helicases.Bochman ML, Sabouri N, Zakian VA.Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 101 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Rd., Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Helicases are ubiquitous enzymes found in all organisms that are necessary for all (or virtually all) aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. The Pif1 helicase family is a group of 5'-->3' directed, ATP-dependent, super family IB helicases found in nearly all eukaryotes. Here, we review the discovery, evolution, and what is currently known about these enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScPif1 and ScRrm3), Schizosaccharomyces pombe (SpPfh1), Trypanosoma brucei (TbPIF1, 2, 5, and 8), mice (mPif1), and humans (hPif1). Pif1 helicases variously affect telomeric, ribosomal, and mitochondrial DNA replication, as well as Okazaki fragment maturation, and in at least some cases affect these processes by using their helicase activity to disrupt stable nucleoprotein complexes. While the functions of these enzymes vary within and between organisms, it is evident that Pif1 family helicases are crucial for both nuclear and mitochondrial genome maintenance. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
| PMID: 20097624 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 8. | An Pediatr (Barc). 2010 Jan 20. [Epub ahead of print][Cutaneous leishmaniasis.][Article in Spanish] Pérez Gutiérrez ME, Izquierdo Caballero R, Montalbán E, Hernández R, Verne E.Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Pío del Río Hortega, Valladolid, España. |
| PMID: 20096654 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 9. | Parasitol Int. 2010 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]Leishmanicidal activity of Himathantus sucuuba latex against Leishmania amazonensis.Soares DC, Andrade AL, Delorenzi1 JC, Silva JR, Freire-de-Lima L, Falcão CA, Pinto AC, Rossi-Bergmann B, Saraiva EM.Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Himathantus sucuuba (HsL) latex exhibited a potent leishmanicidal activity against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis. HsL inhibited intracellular amastigote growth in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50)=15.7mug/mL). Moreover, HsL increased nitric oxide (NO) and Tumor Nuclear Factor-alpha (TNF- alpha) and decreased Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF- beta) production in macrophages. As assessed by plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity, HsL showed low toxicity for host macrophages. HsL in vivo was active by the oral route, reducing the parasite load in established footpad lesions after only five doses. In summary, these findings support HsL as an interesting candidate for further evaluations regarding its potential application as a therapeutical agent against Leishmania. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20096374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 10. | Acta Trop. 2010 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]Lutzomyia longipalpis spatial distribution and association with environmental variables in an urban focus of visceral leishmaniasis, Misiones, Argentina.Soledad FM, Daniel SO, Regino C, Alicia PA, A AS, Daniel GJ.Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias, ANLIS, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. This study describes the spatial distribution pattern of Lu. longipalpis abundance in Posadas-Garupá, Argentina, where four cases of human Visceral Leishmaniasis had been recorded. A total of 2428 Lu. longipalpis were captured in 42% of the 305 sites sampled with CDC light traps, its abundance shows spatial autocorrelation ranging up to 590m (semivariogram model), with six downtown 'islands' of vector highest abundance (>/= 60 individuals). A significant association between Lu. longipalpis and the presence of chickens was observed (odds ratio 3.26). The best stepwise multiple regression using Generalized Linear Models explained 31% of the deviance for Lu. longipalpis abundance, including as explanatory variables: a) negatively: households with lack of building material and with economic deprivation, b) positively: surface covered by trees and bushes at 50 meters of the house, and households without electrical lighting. In conclusion, Lu. longipalpis in a recent settled focus of visceral leishmaniasis was urbanized with a highly heterogeneous spatial distribution within the cities, with the vectors concentrated in limited 'islands' of high abundance, in the downtown relatively more affluent and dense populated areas, but also more heterogeneous with patches that had higher tree coverage and poor urban services .These results once validated will contribute to the control strategy design through risk maps, in order to prioritize areas for prevention and control, and setting the appropriate scale for intervention. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
| PMID: 20096256 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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