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Sent on Friday, 2010 Jan 29Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2009 Oct;26(4):330-3.Urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.Albuquerque PL, Silva Júnior GB, Freire CC, Oliveira SB, Almeida DM, Silva HF, Cavalcante Mdo S, Sousa Ade Q.Hospital Geral César Cals de Oliveira, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. OBJECTIVES: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in Brazil and appears to occur in epidemic form in the state of Ceará. Few epidemiologic studies have been done on VL in this state. The aim of this study is to establish the epidemiologic pattern of VL in Fortaleza City and to show how urbanization has occurred in recent years. METHODS: Data were obtained from the State Health Department of Fortaleza, Ceará, and included all cases of VL registered in Fortaleza from January 2001 to December 2006. RESULTS: There were a marked increase and an elevated incidence of cases of VL in urban areas. Children and young people were the most affected group. CONCLUSION: The epidemic occurrence of VL in the region must convince authorities to adopt more adequate policies of disease control. |
| PMID: 20107681 [PubMed - in process] | |
| 2. | PLoS Pathog. 2010 Jan 22;6(1):e1000731.Persistent ER stress induces the spliced leader RNA silencing pathway (SLS), leading to programmed cell death in Trypanosoma brucei.Goldshmidt H, Matas D, Kabi A, Carmi S, Hope R, Michaeli S.The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel. Trypanosomes are parasites that cycle between the insect host (procyclic form) and mammalian host (bloodstream form). These parasites lack conventional transcription regulation, including factors that induce the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, they possess a stress response mechanism, the spliced leader RNA silencing (SLS) pathway. SLS elicits shut-off of spliced leader RNA (SL RNA) transcription by perturbing the binding of the transcription factor tSNAP42 to its cognate promoter, thus eliminating trans-splicing of all mRNAs. Induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in procyclic trypanosomes elicits changes in the transcriptome similar to those induced by conventional UPR found in other eukaryotes. The mechanism of up-regulation under ER stress is dependent on differential stabilization of mRNAs. The transcriptome changes are accompanied by ER dilation and elevation in the ER chaperone, BiP. Prolonged ER stress induces SLS pathway. RNAi silencing of SEC63, a factor that participates in protein translocation across the ER membrane, or SEC61, the translocation channel, also induces SLS. Silencing of these genes or prolonged ER stress led to programmed cell death (PCD), evident by exposure of phosphatidyl serine, DNA laddering, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increase in cytoplasmic Ca(2+), and decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as typical morphological changes observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). ER stress response is also induced in the bloodstream form and if the stress persists it leads to SLS. We propose that prolonged ER stress induces SLS, which serves as a unique death pathway, replacing the conventional caspase-mediated PCD observed in higher eukaryotes. |
| PMID: 20107599 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 3. | J Invest Dermatol. 2010 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]T Cells Specific to Leishmania and Other Nonrelated Microbial Antigens Can Migrate to Human Leishmaniasis Skin Lesions.Da-Cruz AM, Oliveira-Neto MP, Bertho AL, Mendes-Aguiar CO, Coutinho SG.Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Immunopathological studies have contributed to the characterization of in situ inflammatory infiltrates in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). However, little is known about the T-cell antigen reactivity of these lesions. Our objective was to analyze the responsiveness of lymphocytes from CL lesions to leishmanial and nonrelated antigens in terms of proliferation and the production of cytokines. Mononuclear cells were extracted from lesions, and blood from CL patients infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Activated cells accounted for 35-45% of lesions T-cell subsets. Elevated levels of C1.7/CD244(+)CD8(+) T cells suggest in situ cytotoxic effector function. Lymphocytes isolated from the leishmaniasis lesions proliferated and produced IFN-gamma in response to leishmanial antigens as well as to irrelevant antigens such as Toxoplasma gondii (Tg). Patients presenting with larger lesions had the highest lymphocyte proliferation indexes. A high frequency of Tg-specific cells was detected in the lesions by limiting dilution assay, similar to the frequency of Leishmania-specific cells. Importantly, Tg-reactive cells were not found in lesions of patients without a history of toxoplasmosis. The proportion of Leishmania-reactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lesions was quite variable. Overall, these data suggest that T cells reactive to nonrelevant antigens can migrate to leishmanial lesions and possibly influence the pathogenesis of the disease.Journal of Investigative Dermatology advance online publication, 28 January 2010; doi:10.1038/jid.2009.428. |
| PMID: 20107484 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 4. | Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010 Jan 27. [Epub ahead of print]Leishmania donovani: In situ immunolocalization and stage dependent expression of a secretory serine protease and its role as vaccine candidate.Choudhury R, Das P, Bhaumik SK, De T, Chakraborti T.Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India; Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India. Proteases are found to play conclusive roles in many biological processes and pathogenesis associated with leishmaniasis. Most of the parasites rely on their intracellular and extracellular protease repertoire to invade and multiply in mammalian host cells. Among these proteases, studies related to serine proteases in L. donovani and their role in host pathogenesis are deficient. Here we report the intracellular distribution of a novel secretory serine protease in L. donovani into the flagellar pocket by immunogold labeling. Flow cytometry and immunoconfocal fluorescence analysis revealed that the expression of the protease diminishes sequentially from virulent to attenuated strain of this species and also highly associated with the metacyclic stage of L. donovani promastigotes. Internalization of the anti 115 kDa antibody treated parasites into the host macrophages was significantly reduced compared to the antibody untreated cells, suggesting that this serine protease probably play some roles in the infection process and in vivo studies confirmed its role as a potential vaccine candidate. So altogether the 115 kDa serine protease might play vital roles in L. donovani pathogenesis and hence could be recognized as a potent competitor for drug designing. |
| PMID: 20106998 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 5. | J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2009 Nov-Dec;56(6):594-602.Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit rRNA and glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes and ultrastructural characterization of two snake Trypanosomes: Trypanosoma serpentis n. sp. from Pseudoboa nigra and Trypanosoma cascavelli from Crotalus durissus terrificus.Viola LB, Attias M, Takata CS, Campaner M, De Souza W, Camargo EP, Teixeira MM.Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. We sequenced the small subunit (SSU) rRNA and glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) genes of two trypanosomes isolated from the Brazilian snakes Pseudoboa nigra and Crotalus durissus terrificus. Trypanosomes were cultured and their morphometrical and ultrastructural features were characterized by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Phylogenetic trees inferred using independent or combined SSU rRNA and gGAPDH data sets always clustered the snake trypanosomes together in a clade closest to lizard trypanosomes, forming a strongly supported monophyletic assemblage (i.e. lizard-snake clade). The positioning in the phylogenetic trees and the barcoding based on the variable V7-V8 region of the SSU rRNA, which showed high sequence divergences, allowed us to classify the isolates from distinct snake species as separate species. The isolate from P. nigra is described as a new species, Trypanosoma serpentis n. sp., whereas the isolate from C. d. terrificus is redescribed here as Trypanosoma cascavelli. |
| PMID: 19883449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 6. | Eur J Med Chem. 2009 Nov;44(11):4654-60. Epub 2009 Jul 4.Anti-oxidant, anti-fungal and anti-leishmanial activities of novel 3-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl]prop-2-en-1-ones.Hussain T, Siddiqui HL, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Masoom Yasinzai M, Parvez M.Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan. A series of new 3-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl]prop-2-en-1-ones were synthesized by the condensation of various acetophenones with 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) benzaldehyde which was itself prepared by the N-arylation of imidazole using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as catalyst for the first time. All the synthesized compounds were subjected to preliminary evaluation for their anti-leishmanial, anti-oxidant and anti-fungal activities. Few of the synthesized compounds showed significant activities. |
| PMID: 19664864 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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