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Sent on Friday, 2010 Feb 26Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | J Bioinform Comput Biol. 2010 Feb;8(1):1-17.TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT STRUCTURAL VARIABILITY OF RNAs: SPLICED LEADER RNAs AND THEIR EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY.Marz M, Vanzo N, Stadler PF.Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany. The structures attained by RNA molecules depend not only on their sequence but also on environmental parameters such as their temperature. So far, this effect has been largely neglected in bioinformatics studies. Here, we show that structural comparisons can be facilitated and more coherent structural models can be obtained when differences in environmental parameters are taken into account. We re-evaluate the secondary structures of the spliced leader (SL) RNAs from the seven eukaryotic phyla in which SL RNA trans-splicing has been described. Adjusting structure prediction to the natural growth temperatures and considering energetically similar secondary structures, we observe striking similarities among Euglenida, Kinetoplastida, Dinophyceae, Cnidaria, Rotifera, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, and Tunicata that cannot be explained easily by the independent innovation of SL RNAs in each of these phyla. Supplementary Table is available at http://www.worldscinet.com/jbcb/. |
| PMID: 20183871 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 2. | Int Immunol. 2010 Feb 24. [Epub ahead of print]IL-1-induced inflammation promotes development of leishmaniasis in susceptible BALB/c mice.Voronov E, Dotan S, Gayvoronsky L, White RM, Cohen I, Krelin Y, Benchetrit F, Elkabets M, Huszar M, El-On J, Apte RN.Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel. The role of host-derived IL-1 on the course of Leishmania major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice was assessed. Manifestations of the disease were more severe in mice deficient in the physiological inhibitor of IL-1, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in comparison with control mice. In mice lacking one of the IL-1 genes (IL-1alpha or IL-1beta), there was delayed development of the disease and more attenuated systemic inflammatory responses. IL-1alpha-deficient mice were slightly more resistant to L. major infection compared with IL-1beta-knockout mice. During disease progression in IL-1Ra KO and control mice, myeloid-derived suppressor cells invaded the spleen, concomitant to suppression of T cell-mediated immunity and expression of systemic high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In IL-1-deficient mice, T(h)1 responses were still apparent, even at late stages of the disease. Thus, dose-dependent effects of IL-1 were shown to influence the pathogenesis of murine leishamaniasis in susceptible BALB/c mice. Physiological and supra-physiological levels of IL-1 in the microenvironment promoted an exacerbated form of disease, whereas sub-physiological doses of IL-1 induced a less progressive disease. Thus, manipulation of IL-1 levels in the host, using the IL-1Ra or specific antibodies, has the potential to alleviate symptoms of visceral manifestations of leishmaniasis. |
| PMID: 20181656 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 3. | Vet Parasitol. 2010 Feb 4. [Epub ahead of print]Relationship between dog culling and incidence of human visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area.Nunes CM, Pires MM, da Silva KM, Assis FD, Filho JG, Perri SH.UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Veterinary Medicine, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Jd. D. Amélia, Araçatuba, SP, CEP 16050-680, Brazil. Domestic dogs are the main reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in urban areas; one of the control measures adopted in Brazil is the elimination of this reservoir. In order to test the relationship between the euthanasia rate of the canine reservoir and the incidence of the disease in humans, data on dog culling from the Centre for Zoonosis Control of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, during the period from 1999 to 2008 and visceral leishmaniasis human cases registered in the same period were analyzed. Reduction of human VL incidence was statistically correlated to dog euthanasia rate (P=0.0211; r(2)=0.616) when it was analyzed for the period of two years after application of this measure. Other factors that may influence this relationship are considered. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20181428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 4. | Parasit Vectors. 2010 Feb 3;3(1):6. [Epub ahead of print]Further studies on the phlebotomine sandflies of the kala-azar endemic lowlands of Humera-Metema (north-west Ethiopia) with observations on their natural blood meal sources.Gebre-Michael T, Balkew M, Berhe N, Hailu A, Mekonnen Y.ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been known to exist in northwest Ethiopia (Humera-Metema lowlands) since the early 1970s associated with large scale agricultural development activities, often resulting in outbreaks. The latest outbreak of the disease that has started around 1995 in both regions, has led to the present preliminary entomological surveys (1996-2005) the results of which are reported here. Sandflies were collected using CDC light traps and Phlebotomus females were dissected for Leishmania detection and isolation; freshly fed Phlebotomus females collected were subsequently tested for their blood meal sources using ELISA. All Phlebotomus collections were identified to species. RESULTS: During the surveys (1996-2005), a total of 1963 sandflies of six Phlebotomus species (P. orientalis, P. papatasi, P. bergeroti, P. duboscqi, P. rodhaini and P. alexandri) were recorded from the study areas: the predominant species was P. orientalis in both localities. None of the total 618 P. orientalis females dissected (506 from Metema and 112 from Humera), nor the total 114 females of four other species dissected (P. papatasi, P. duboscqi, P. bergeroti and P. rodhaini) was infected with Leishmania promastigotes. ELISA-based blood meal analysis of 273 fresh fed P. orientalis females collected from Metema revealed a remarkably high bovine blood feeds (92%) with only 2.2 % of human blood feeds. CONCLUSION: Based on abundance and other circumstantial evidences (its proven role in Sudan), P. orientalis is the most likely vector of VL in northwest Ethiopia, pending further clarifications. The zoophagic feeding behaviour of P. orientalis detected in the present study could have epidemiological significance, but more investigations are required in this and other behavioural characteristics towards appropriate management of the vector. |
| PMID: 20181077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 5. | BMC Res Notes. 2010 Jan 21;3(1):13. [Epub ahead of print]The Leishmania infantum PUF proteins are targets of the humora l response during visceral leishmaniasis.Folgueira C, Martinez-Bonet M, Requena JM.ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: RNA-binding proteins of the PUF family share a conserved domain consisting of tandemly repeated 36-40 amino acid motifs (typically eight) known as Puf repeats. Proteins containing tandem repeats are often dominant targets of humoral responses during infectious diseases. Thus, we considered of interest to analyze whether Leishmania PUF proteins result antigenic during visceral leishmaniasis (VL). FINDINGS: Here, employing whole-genome databases, we report the composition, and structural features, of the PUF family in Leishmania infantum. Additionally, the 10 genes of the L. infantum PUF family were cloned and used to express the Leishmania PUFs in bacteria as recombinant proteins. Finally, the antigenicity of these PUF proteins was evaluated by determining levels of specific antibodies in sera from experimentally infected hamsters. The Leishmania PUFs were all recognized by the sera, even though with different degree of reactivity and/or frequency of recognition. The reactivity of hamster sera against recombinant LiPUF1 and LiPUF2 was particularly prominent, and these proteins were subsequently assayed against sera from human patients. High antibody responses against rLiPUF1 and rLiPUF2 were found in sera from VL patients, but these proteins resulted also recognized by sera from Chagas' disease patients. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Leishmania PUFs are targets of the humoral response during L. infantum infection and may represent candidates for serodiagnosis and/or vaccine reagents; however, it should be kept in mind the cross-reactivity of LiPUFs with antibodies induced against other trypanosomatids such as Trypanosoma cruzi. |
| PMID: 20180988 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 6. | J Med Entomol. 2010 Jan;47(1):74-9.Differences in the salivary effects of wild-caught versus colonized Phlebot omus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) on the development of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice.Ben Hadj Ahmed S, Chelbi I, Kaabi B, Cherni S, Derbali M, Zhioua E.Laboratory of Vector Ecology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia. Preimmunization of mice with salivary gland homogenate (SGH) of long-term colonized (F29) female Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli (Diptera: Psychodidae) induced protection against Leishmania major Yakimoff & Schokhor (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) co-inoculated with the same type of SGH. In contrast, preimmunization of mice with SGH of wild-caught female P. papatasi did not confer protection against L. major co-inoculated with the same type of SGH. Similarly, SGH from recently colonized (F1) female P. papatasi did not protect mice against L. major. These results suggest that when developing a sand fly saliva-based vaccine, the natural vector populations should be considered. |
| PMID: 20180311 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 7. | J Med Entomol. 2010 Jan;47(1):16-21.Phylogenetic relationships among species of Lutzomyia, subgenus Lutzomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae).Pinto IS, Filho JD, Santos CB, Falqueto A, Leite YL.Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, 29043-900 Vit6ria, ES, Brazil. pintoisrael@gmail.com Lutzomyia França is the largest and most diverse sand fly genus in the New World and contains all the species involved in the transmission of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). Morphological characters were used to test the monophyly and to infer phylogenetic relationships among members of the Lutzomyia subgenus. Fifty-two morphological characters from male and female adult specimens belonging to 18 species of Lu. (Lutzomyia) were scored and analyzed. The resulting phylogeny confirms the monophyly of this subgenus and reveals four main internal clades. These four clades, however, do not support the classification of the subgenus in two series, longipalpis and cavernicola, because neither is necessarily monophyletic. Knowledge on phylogenetic relationships among these relevant vectors of AVL should be used as a tool for monitoring target taxa and a first step for establishing an early warning system for disease control. |
| PMID: 20180303 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 8. | J Med Entomol. 2010 Jan;47(1):1-15.A taxonomic reassessment of the Phlebotomus argentipes species complex (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae).Ilango K.Zoological Survey of India Southern Regional Station, 130 Santhmoe High Road, Chennai-600 028, India. kilangozsi@rediffmail.com The taxonomic status of the sand fly Phlebotomus (Euphlebotomus) argentipes Annandale & Brunette 1908, which transmits Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani (Laveran & Mesnil 1903) in southern Asia, is reassessed, because variation in morphology, behavior, and distribution suggests it to be a complex of sibling species. The putative complex is composed of the nominotypical member Phlebotomus argentipes sensu stricto, Phlebotomus annandalei Sinton 1923 status revived and Phlebotomus glaucus Mitra & Roy 1953 new status. An allolectotype is designated for the female of P. argentipes as well as neotypes for the males of P. annandalei and P. glaucus. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, and keys are presented to allow identification of adult males and females. Based on female morphological characters, P. argentipes s.s., P. annandalei and P. glaucus can be distinguished from each other using principal component analysis. P. glaucus is widespread in India, occurring sympatrically with P. argentipes s.s. in L. donovani-endemic foci, whereas P. annandeli is peripatric to the type species in Chennai, southern India. "In copula" is a process of postcopulatory sexual selection occurring as correlated coevolution of male and female reproductive traits, which drives species isolation. This pattern has been implicated in reproductive isolation among the members of the P. argentipes complex. Further research on adult behavior and larval biology of the P. argentipes complex is needed to understand the epidemiology and control of visceral leishmaniasis. |
| PMID: 20180302 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 9. | EMBO J. 2010 Feb 3;29(3):692-702. Epub 2009 Dec 17.Interactions of PAN's C-termini with archaeal 20S proteasome and implications for the eukaryotic proteasome-ATPase interactions.Yu Y, Smith DM, Kim HM, Rodriguez V, Goldberg AL, Cheng Y.The W.M. Keck Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA. Protein degradation in the 20S proteasome is regulated in eukaryotes by the 19S ATPase complex and in archaea by the homologous PAN ATPase ring complex. Subunits of these hexameric ATPases contain on their C-termini a conserved hydrophobic-tyrosine-X (HbYX) motif that docks into pockets in the 20S to stimulate the opening of a gated substrate entry channel. Here, we report the crystal structure of the archaeal 20S proteasome in complex with the C-terminus of the archaeal proteasome regulatory ATPase, PAN. This structure defines the detailed interactions between the critical C-terminal HbYX motif and the 20S alpha-subunits and indicates that the intersubunit pocket in the 20S undergoes an induced-fit conformational change on binding of the HbYX motif. This structure together with related mutagenesis data suggest how in eukaryotes certain proteasomal ATPases bind to specific pockets in an asymmetrical manner to regulate gate opening. |
| PMID: 20019667 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 10. | Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso. 2009 Dec;54(15):1965-71.[Discovery and assembly mechanism of degenerated subunits in succinate dehydrogenase complex][Article in Japanese] Mogi T, Kita K.tmogi@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp |
| PMID: 19999161 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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