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Sent on Thursday, 2010 Apr 08Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Parasitol Res. 2010 Apr 7. [Epub ahead of print]Selection and phenotype characterization of potassium antimony tartrate-resistant populations of four New World Leishmania species.Liarte DB, Murta SM.Laboratório de Parasitologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-CPqRR/Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Caixa Postal 1743, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. AbstractIn the present study, we selected in vitro populations of Leishmania Viannia guyanensis, L.V. braziliensis, L. Leishmania amazonensis and L.L. infantum chagasi that were resistant to potassium antimony tartrate (SbIII). The resistance index of these populations varied from 4- to 20-fold higher than that of their wild-type counterparts. To evaluate the stability of the resistance phenotype, these four resistant populations were passaged 37 to 47 times in a culture medium without SbIII. No change was observed in the resistance indexes of L.V. guyanensis (19-fold) and L.L. infantum chagasi (4-fold). In contrast, a decrease in the resistance index was observed for L.V. braziliensis (from 20- to 10-fold) and L.L. amazonensis (from 6- to 3-fold). None of the antimony-resistant populations exhibited cross-resistance to amphotericin B and miltefosine. However, the resistant populations of L.V. braziliensis, L.L. amazonensis and L.L. infantum chagasi were also resistant to paromomycin. A drastic reduction was observed in the infectivity in mice for the resistant L.V. guyanensis, L.L. amazonensis and L.V. braziliensis populations. The SbIII-resistant phenotype of L.V. braziliensis was stable after one passage in mice. Although the protocol of induction was the same, the SbIII-resistant populations showed different degrees of tolerance, stability, infectivity in mice and cross-resistance to antileishmanial drugs, depending on the Leishmania species. |
| PMID: 20372925 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 2. | FASEB J. 2010 Apr 6. [Epub ahead of print]Beyond 9+0: noncanonical axoneme structures characterize sensory cilia from protists to humans.Gluenz E, Höög JL, Smith AE, Dawe HR, Shaw MK, Gull K.*Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; andBoulder Laboratory for 3D Electron Microscopy of Cells, Department of MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. AbstractThe intracellular amastigote stages of parasites such as Leishmania are often referred to as aflagellate. They do, however, possess a short axoneme of cryptic function. Here, our examination of the structure of this axoneme leads to a testable hypothesis of its role in the cell biology of pathogenicity. We show a striking similarity between the microtubule axoneme structure of the Leishmania mexicana parasite infecting a macrophage and vertebrate primary cilia. In both, the 9-fold microtubule doublet symmetry is broken by the incursion of one or more microtubule doublets into the axoneme core, giving rise to an architecture that we term here the 9v (variable) axoneme. Three-dimensional reconstructions revealed that no particular doublet initiated the symmetry break, and moreover it often involved 2 doublets. The tip of the L. mexicana flagellum was frequently intimately associated with the macrophage vacuole membrane. We propose that the main function of the amastigote flagellum is to act as a sensory organelle with important functions in host-parasite interactions and signaling in the intracellular stage of the L. mexicana life cycle.-Gluenz, E., Höög, J. L., Smith, A. E., Dawe, H. R., Shaw, M. K., Gull, K. Beyond 9+0: noncanonical axoneme structures characterize sensory cilia from protists to humans. |
| PMID: 20371625 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 3. | J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Apr 2. [Epub ahead of print]Phytochemical and biological investigations of Elaeodendron schlechteranum.Maregesi SM, Hermans N, Dhooghe L, Cimanga K, Ferreira D, Pannecouque C, Berghe DA, Cos P, Maes L, Vlietinck AJ, Apers S, Pieters L.Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania. AbstractAIM OF THE STUDY: Elaeodendronschlechteranum (Loes.) Loes. is a shrub or tree belonging to the family Celastraceae. In Tanzania, in addition to ethnopharmacological claims in treating various non-infectious diseases, the root and stem bark powder is applied on septic wounds, and the leaf paste is used for treatment of boils and carbuncles. The aim of this study was to identify the putative active constituents of the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dried and powdered root bark was extracted and subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation, based on antibacterial, antiparasitic and anti-HIV activity. Isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods, and evaluated for biological activity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Bioassay-guided isolation led to the identification of tingenin B (22beta-hydroxytingenone) as the main antibacterial constituent. It was active against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (IC(50)<0.25mug/mL). Furthermore, antiparasitic activity was observed against Trypanosoma cruzi (IC(50)<0.25mug/mL), Trypanosoma brucei (< 0.25mug/mL), Leishmania infantum (0.51mug/mL), and Plasmodium falciparum (0.36mug/mL). Tingenin B was highly cytotoxic to MRC-5 cells (CC(50) 0.45mug/mL), indicating a poor selectivity. Two inactive triterpenes, 3beta,29-dihydroxyglutin-5-ene and cangoronine methyl ester were also obtained. Phytochemical investigation of the anti-HIV active fractions led to the isolation and identification of three phenolic compounds, namely 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin, 4'-O-methylgallocatechin, and a new procyanidin dimer, i.e. 4',4"'-di-O-methylprodelphinidin B(4) or 4'-O-methylgallocatechin-(4alpha-->8)-4'-O-methylepigallocatechin. However, none of these showed anti-HIV activity. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. |
| PMID: 20371284 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 4. | Eur J Med Chem. 2010 Feb 12. [Epub ahead of print]Synthesis and biological evaluation of new [1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylthio-1,3,5-triazines and [1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylthio-pyrimidines against Leishmania donovani.Gupta L, Sunduru N, Verma A, Srivastava S, Gupta S, Goyal N, Chauhan PM.Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, MG Road, Lucknow 226001, U.P., India. AbstractA series of [1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylthio-1,3,5-triazines and [1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylthio-pyrimidines were synthesized and screened for their in vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani. Among all, 8 compounds have shown more than 90% inhibition against promastigotes and IC(50) in the range of 4.01-57.78muM against amastigotes. Compound 5, a triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylthio-1,3,5-triazine derivative was found to be the most active and least toxic with 20- & 10-fold more selectivity (S.I.=56.61) as compared to that of standard drugs pentamidine and sodium stibogluconate (SSG), respectively. Copyright © 2009. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. |
| PMID: 20371140 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 5. | Crit Rev Immunol. 2010;30(2):201-22.Biomarkers for serum diagnosis of infectious diseases and their potential application in novel sensor platforms.Goulart LR, Vieira CU, Freschi AP, Capparelli FE, Fujimura PT, Almeida JF, Ferreira LF, Goulart IM, Brito-Madurro AG, Madurro JM.Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. AbstractNanotechnological tools and biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as strategies for disease control and monitoring populations at higher risk, are continuous worldwide challenges for infectious diseases. Phage display and monoclonal antibody combinatorial libraries are important sources for biomarker discovery and for improved diagnostic strategies. Mimetic peptides were selected against polyclonal antibodies from patients with dengue fever, leprosy, and leishmaniasis as model diseases, and from immunized chickens with total antigens from all three pathogens. Selected single or combined multi-epitope peptide biomarkers were further associated with four different sensor platforms, classified as affinity biosensors, that may be suitable as general protocols for field diagnosis. We have also developed two methods for nanoparticle agglutination assays (a particle gel agglutination test and a magnetic microparticle [MMP]-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) and two electrochemical biosensors (impedimetric and amperometric) for DNA and antibody detection. For the agglutination tests, micro- and nanoparticles were coupled with flamentous bacteriophages displaying the selected mimotopes on their surfaces, which has favored the formation of the antigen-antibody or peptide-protein complexes, amplifying the optical detection in ELISA assays or after the chromatographic separation of the microagglutinates. We have also demonstrated a proof-of-concept for the electrochemical biosensors by using electrodes modifed with novel functionalized polymers. These electrochemical biosensors have proven to be fast, very sensitive, and specific for the detection of pathogen DNA and circulating antibodies of patients, which may become important in a wide range of diagnostic devices for many infectious agents. |
| PMID: 20370630 [PubMed - in process] | |
| 6. | Pharmazie. 2010 Feb;65(2):141-7.Chemical composition of the essential oils of two Citrus species and their biological activities.Hamdan D, El-Readi MZ, Nibret E, Sporer F, Farrag N, El-Shazly A, Wink M.Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University Heidelberg, Germany. AbstractEssential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the fruit rinds of Citrus jambhiri Lush. (Rough lemon) and C. pyriformis Hassk (Ponderosa lemon) were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GLC/FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC/MS). A total of 94 compounds were unambiguously identified from the oils and the (hexane/ether) extracts of the rind and juices representing 98.55% and 97.98% of the total oil composition. The main component of both oils was D-limonene (92.48% and 75.56% respectively). The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitrypanosomal, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils were evaluated. Whereas Citrus jambhiri and C. pyriformis have antioxidant activity with IC50 +/- SD 37.69 +/- 0.21 mg/ml and 28.91 +/- 0.09 mg/ml, respectively. Ascorbic acid a known potential inhibitor for DPPH free radical an commonly used antioxidant showed an antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 16.32 +/- 0.161 g/mI. Both oils inhibited the activity of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with an IC50 of 40 +/- 1.63 and 38 +/- 0.82 microg/ml, respectively, and could be considered as interesting candidates for antiinflammatory agents. The essential oils of both species showed substantial antimicrobial activity against all tested Gram positive bacteria and yeasts. The essential oil of C. pyriformis showed higher cytotoxic activity against tested cell lines than that of C. jambhiri. The IC50 values were 374.36 +/- 43.95 microg/ml and 588.06 +/- 27.12 microg/ml in case of HepG2 cells and 213.87 +/- 18.50 microg/ml and 512.45 +/- 61.46 microg/ml in case of MIA-PaCa-2 cells, respectively. |
| PMID: 20225661 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 7. | PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Feb 16;4(2):e604.IL-17 produced during Trypanosoma cruzi infection plays a central role in regulating parasite-induced myocarditis.da Matta Guedes PM, Gutierrez FR, Maia FL, Milanezi CM, Silva GK, Pavanelli WR, Silva JS.Department of Biochemistry and immunology, School of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. AbstractBACKGROUND: Chagas disease is a neglected disease caused by the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Around 30% of the infected patients develop chronic cardiomyopathy or megasyndromes, which are high-cost morbid conditions. Immune response against myocardial self-antigens and exacerbated Th1 cytokine production has been associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. As IL-17 is involved in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune, inflammatory and infectious diseases, we investigated its role during the infection with T. cruzi. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: First, we detected significant amounts of CD4, CD8 and NK cells producing IL-17 after incubating live parasites with spleen cells from normal BALB/c mice. IL-17 is also produced in vivo by CD4(+), CD8(+) and NK cells from BALB/c mice on the early acute phase of infection. Treatment of infected mice with anti-mouse IL-17 mAb resulted in increased myocarditis, premature mortality, and decreased parasite load in the heart. IL-17 neutralization resulted in increased production of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and enhanced specific type 1 chemokine and chemokine receptors expression. Moreover, the results showed that IL-17 regulates T-bet, RORgammat and STAT-3 expression in the heart, showing that IL-17 controls the differentiation of Th1 cells in infected mice. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These results show that IL-17 controls the resistance to T. cruzi infection in mice regulating the Th1 cells differentiation, cytokine and chemokine production and control parasite-induced myocarditis, regulating the influx of inflammatory cells to the heart tissue. Correlations between the levels of IL-17, the extent of myocardial destruction, and the evolution of cardiac disease could identify a clinical marker of disease progression and may help in the design of alternative therapies for the control of chronic morbidity of chagasic patients. |
| PMID: 20169058 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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