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Sent on Saturday, 2010 Apr 17Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Chem Biodivers. 2010 Apr 15;7(4):993-1001. [Epub ahead of print]Antiprotozoal, Schistosomicidal, and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil from the Leaves of Baccharis dracunculifolia.Parreira NA, Magalhães LG, Morais DR, Caixeta SC, de Sousa JP, Bastos JK, Cunha WR, Silva ML, Nanayakkara NP, Rodrigues V, da Silva Filho AA.Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil, (phone: +55-16-3711-8871; fax: +55-16-3711-8878). AbstractBaccharis dracunculifolia DC. (Asteraceae), popularly known as 'alecrim do campo', is a native plant from Brazil used in folk medicine as febrifuge, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and to treat skin sores. Also, B. dracunculifolia is the most important plant source of the Brazilian green propolis, which is recognized for its antiseptic and antiprotozoal activities. This study aimed at investigating the in vitro antiprotozoal, schistosomicidal, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from the leaves of B. dracunculifolia. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS, which allowed the identification of 14 compounds, mainly oxygenated sesquiterpenes, such as (E)-nerolidol (33.51%) and spathulenol (16.24%). The essential oil showed activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania donovani, with IC(50) values of 42 mug/ml. The essential oil displayed high activity in the schistosomicidal assay, since all pairs of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms were dead after incubation with the essential oil (10, 50, and 100 mug/ml). B. dracunculifolia essential oil was neither cytotoxic against Vero cells, nor active in the antimicrobial and antiplasmodial assays. |
| PMID: 20397234 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 2. | Chem Biodivers. 2010 Apr 15;7(4):1009-1018. [Epub ahead of print]Essential-Oil Composition, Antileishmanial, and Toxicity Study of Artemisia abyssinica and Satureja punctata ssp. punctata from Ethiopia.Tariku Y, Hymete A, Hailu A, Rohloff J.Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia. AbstractEssential oils of Artemisia abyssinica and Satureja punctata ssp. punctata from Ethiopia were analyzed by GC and GC/MS, and screened for leishmanicidal activity against promastigote and axenic amastigotes of Leishmania donovani and L. aethiopica, including toxicity studies on human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) and erythrocytes in vitro. GC/MS of A. abyssinica oil revealed 67 compounds (99.94%) with the major constituents yomogi alcohol (38.47%), artemisyl acetate (24.88%), and artemisia alcohol (6.70%), and oxygenated monoterpenes (84.00%) as the dominant group. The oil of S. punctata contained 67 compounds (99.49%) with the main constituents geranial (27.62%), neral (21.72%), alpha-bisabolol (13.62%), and (E)-nerolidol (4.82%), of which oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes (58.39 and 26.91%, resp.) showed highest abundance. Both oils showed effect on promastigotes (MIC 76.5 to 312.5 nl/ml) and amastigotes (EC(50) 4.06 to 131.00 nl/ml) of L. donovani and L. aethiopica, and varying toxicities on THP-1 cells (CC(50) 0.013 to 350 nl/ml with selectivity index between 0.001 and 28) and erythrocytes (with LC(50) 0.35 to 1.52 mul/ml). S. punctata oil exerted highest activity against both Leishmania sp. and toxicity. The revealed antileishmanial activities support further isolation and investigation of oil constituents for in vitro/in vivo evaluation. |
| PMID: 20397218 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 3. | Cad Saude Publica. 2010 Feb;26(2):365-72.American visceral leishmaniasis dissociated from Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil.Pinto Ide S, Santos CB, Grimaldi G Jr, Ferreira AL, Falqueto A.Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brasil. AbstractThe occurrence of American visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil has always been associated with the presence of the Lutzomyia longipalpis vector. The geographic distribution of this vector in this state is related to the presence of specific geoclimatic characteristics, such as a dry climate, low elevations (< 450m), steep slopes and rocky outcrops. The occurrence of human autochthonous cases of American visceral leishmaniasis in municipalities without these geoclimatic characteristics justifies the present study and our main goal was to test the association between the occurrence of American visceral leishmaniasis and the presence of the Lu. longipalpis. Sand flies were captured monthly from July 2006 to August 2007 using Shannon and CDC traps in two municipalities with records of autochthonous American visceral leishmaniasis and one with no record. We captured 13,112 sand flies, but no Lu. longipalpis was found. The absence of Lu. longipalpis and the possible role of another American visceral leishmaniasis vector in these localities were discussed. |
| PMID: 20396851 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 4. | J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:109189. Epub 2010 Apr 8.Leishmania interferes with host cell signaling to devise a survival strategy.Bhardwaj S, Srivastava N, Sudan R, Saha B.Lab no. 5, National Center for Cell Science, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India. AbstractThe protozoan parasite Leishmania spp. exists as extracellular promastigotes in its vector whereas it resides and replicates as amastigotes within the macrophages of its mammalian host. As a survival strategy, Leishmania modulates macrophage functions directly or indirectly. The direct interference includes prevention of oxidative burst and the effector functions that lead to its elimination. The indirect effects include the antigen presentation and modulation of T cell functions in such a way that the effector T cells help the parasite survive by macrophage deactivation. Most of these direct and indirect effects are regulated by host cell receptor signaling that occurs through cycles of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in cascades of kinases and phosphatases. This review highlights how Leishmania selectively manipulates the different signaling pathways to ensure its survival. |
| PMID: 20396387 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 5. | Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010 Mar 12;365(1541):831-45.Rewiring and regulation of cross-compartmentalized metabolism in protists.Ginger ML, McFadden GI, Michels PA.Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK. m.ginger@lancaster.ac.uk AbstractPlastid acquisition, endosymbiotic associations, lateral gene transfer, organelle degeneracy or even organelle loss influence metabolic capabilities in many different protists. Thus, metabolic diversity is sculpted through the gain of new metabolic functions and moderation or loss of pathways that are often essential in the majority of eukaryotes. What is perhaps less apparent to the casual observer is that the sub-compartmentalization of ubiquitous pathways has been repeatedly remodelled during eukaryotic evolution, and the textbook pictures of intermediary metabolism established for animals, yeast and plants are not conserved in many protists. Moreover, metabolic remodelling can strongly influence the regulatory mechanisms that control carbon flux through the major metabolic pathways. Here, we provide an overview of how core metabolism has been reorganized in various unicellular eukaryotes, focusing in particular on one near universal catabolic pathway (glycolysis) and one ancient anabolic pathway (isoprenoid biosynthesis). For the example of isoprenoid biosynthesis, the compartmentalization of this process in protists often appears to have been influenced by plastid acquisition and loss, whereas for glycolysis several unexpected modes of compartmentalization have emerged. Significantly, the example of trypanosomatid glycolysis illustrates nicely how mathematical modelling and systems biology can be used to uncover or understand novel modes of pathway regulation. |
| PMID: 20124348 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 6. | Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010 Mar 12;365(1541):799-817.Evolution of macromolecular import pathways in mitochondria, hydrogenosomes and mitosomes.Lithgow T, Schneider A.Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. AbstractAll eukaryotes require mitochondria for survival and growth. The origin of mitochondria can be traced down to a single endosymbiotic event between two probably prokaryotic organisms. Subsequent evolution has left mitochondria a collection of heterogeneous organelle variants. Most of these variants have retained their own genome and translation system. In hydrogenosomes and mitosomes, however, the entire genome was lost. All types of mitochondria import most of their proteome from the cytosol, irrespective of whether they have a genome or not. Moreover, in most eukaryotes, a variable number of tRNAs that are required for mitochondrial translation are also imported. Thus, import of macromolecules, both proteins and tRNA, is essential for mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we review what is known about the evolutionary history of the two processes using a recently revised eukaryotic phylogeny as a framework. We discuss how the processes of protein import and tRNA import relate to each other in an evolutionary context. |
| PMID: 20124346 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 7. | Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010 Mar 12;365(1541):775-84.Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate storage and osmoregulation in eukaryotic microbes.Docampo R, Ulrich P, Moreno SN.Department of Cellular Biology and Center for Tropical and Global Emerging Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. rdocampo@uga.edu AbstractAcidocalcisomes are acidic electron-dense organelles, rich in polyphosphate (poly P) complexed with calcium and other cations. While its matrix contains enzymes related to poly P metabolism, the membrane of the acidocalcisomes has a number of pumps (Ca(2+)-ATPase, V-H(+)-ATPase, H(+)-PPase), exchangers (Na(+)/H(+), Ca(2+)/H(+)), and at least one channel (aquaporin). Acidocalcisomes are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are an important storage of cations and phosphorus. They also play an important role in osmoregulation and interact with the contractile vacuole complex in a number of eukaryotic microbes. Acidocalcisomes resemble lysosome-related organelles (LRO) from mammalian cells in many of their properties. They share similar morphological characteristics, acidic properties, phosphorus contents and a system for targeting of their membrane proteins through adaptor complex-3 (AP-3). Storage of phosphate and cations may represent the ancestral physiological function of acidocalcisomes, with cation and pH homeostasis and osmoregulatory functions derived following the divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. |
| PMID: 20124344 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 8. | Eukaryot Cell. 2010 Jan;9(1):21.Active VSG expression sites of African trypanosomes are depleted of nucleosomes.[No authors listed]Comment on: PMCID: PMC2805292 [Available on 2010/7/1] |
| PMID: 20054065 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 9. | Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2010 Jan;75(1):375-80. Epub 2009 Oct 31.ESR and electrochemical study of 1,2-disubstituted 5-nitroindazolin-3-ones and 2-substituted 3-alkoxy-5-nitro-2H-indazoles: reactivity and free radical production capacity in the presence of biological systems.Folch-Cano C, Olea-Azar C, Arán VJ, Diaz-Urrutia C.Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. AbstractTwo families of 5-nitroindazole derivatives were electrochemically studied in an aprotic solvent using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The produced nitro-anion radical species were characterized using electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). Also, we examined the interaction between the radical species generated from nitroindazole derivatives and glutathione (GSH). Moreover, the capacity of intraparasite and intramammals-free radical production, through ESR spectroscopy, was performed. Crown Copyright 2009. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 19942477 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 10. | Eukaryot Cell. 2010 Jan;9(1):148-54. Epub 2009 Nov 13.Nucleosomes are depleted at the VSG expression site transcribed by RNA polymerase I in African trypanosomes.Figueiredo LM, Cross GA.Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. Comment in: AbstractIn most eukaryotes, RNA polymerase I (Pol I) exclusively transcribes long arrays of identical rRNA genes (ribosomal DNA [rDNA]). African trypanosomes have the unique property of using Pol I to also transcribe the variant surface glycoprotein VSG genes. VSGs are important virulence factors because their switching allows trypanosomes to escape the host immune system, a mechanism known as antigenic variation. Only one VSG is transcribed at a time from one of 15 bloodstream-form expression sites (BESs). Although it is clear that switching among BESs does not involve DNA rearrangements and that regulation is probably epigenetic, it remains unknown why BESs are transcribed by Pol I and what roles are played by chromatin structure and histone modifications. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, micrococcal nuclease digestion, and chromatin fractionation, we observed that there are fewer nucleosomes at the active BES and that these are irregularly spaced compared to silent BESs. rDNA coding regions are also depleted of nucleosomes, relative to the rDNA spacer. In contrast, genes transcribed by Pol II are organized in a more compact, regularly spaced, nucleosomal structure. These observations provide new insight on antigenic variation by showing that chromatin remodeling is an intrinsic feature of BES regulation. |
| PMID: 19915072 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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