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Sent on Friday, 2010 Apr 23Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Mar Drugs. 2010 Feb 26;8(3):399-412.Isolation, phylogenetic analysis and anti-infective activity screening of marine sponge-associated actinomycetes.Abdelmohsen UR, Pimentel-Elardo SM, Hanora A, Radwan M, Abou-El-Ela SH, Ahmed S, Hentschel U.Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany. Usama.Ramadan@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de AbstractTerrestrial actinomycetes are noteworthy producers of a multitude of antibiotics, however the marine representatives are much less studied in this regard. In this study, 90 actinomycetes were isolated from 11 different species of marine sponges that had been collected from offshore Ras Mohamed (Egypt) and from Rovinj (Croatia). Phylogenetic characterization of the isolates based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing supported their assignment to 18 different actinomycete genera representing seven different suborders. Fourteen putatively novel species were identified based on sequence similarity values below 98.2% to other strains in the NCBI database. A putative new genus related to Rubrobacter was isolated on M1 agar that had been amended with sponge extract, thus highlighting the need for innovative cultivation protocols. Testing for anti-infective activities was performed against clinically relevant, Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, fungi (Candida albicans) and human parasites (Leishmania major, Trypanosoma brucei). Bioactivities against these pathogens were documented for 10 actinomycete isolates. These results show a high diversity of actinomycetes associated with marine sponges as well as highlight their potential to produce anti-infective agents. |
| PMID: 20411105 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 2. | J Clin Microbiol. 2010 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]Comparative Detection of Trypanosomal DNA by Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification and PCR from FTA Cards Spotted with Patient Blood.Matovu E, Kuepfer I, Boobo A, Kibona S, Burri C.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Swiss Tropical Institute, Pharmaceutical Medicine Unit, Basel, Switzerland; National Institute for Medical Research, Tabora, Tanzania. AbstractWe analyzed DNA eluted from FTA (Flinders Technology Associates) cards spotted with blood from Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) patients admitted at Lwala Hospital, Eastern Uganda, and Kaliua Health Centre in northwestern Tanzania. The aim was to evaluate Loop mediated isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for detection of trypanosomal DNA in clinical samples, and to characterize the infecting trypanosomes to sub-species level. LAMP targeting the Trypanozoon conserved Random Inserted Mobile Element (RIME) and that for the SRA were performed. For comparison, PCR for the Serum Resistance Associated (SRA) gene specific for T. b. rhodesiense and that to amplify the T. b. gambiense specific surface glycoprotein (TgSGP) were done. Out of 128 samples analyzed, SRA-PCR was positive in 101 (78.9% sensitivity; 95% Confidence Interval, CI of 71.1-85.1%), the SRA-LAMP positive in 120 (93.8%, 95% CI= 88.2-96.8%), while RIME-LAMP revealed signals in 122 (95.3%; 95% CI=90.2-97.8%). RIME- and SRA-LAMP were each significantly more sensitive than SRA-PCR (P=0.000 and P=0.001 respectively, Fisher's exact test). There was poor agreement with SRA-PCR, yielding Kappa values of 0.31 and 0.40 respectively. Agreement between SRA-LAMP and RIME-LAMP was almost perfect (Kappa= 0.85; 95% CI=0.64-1). All the 128 field samples were negative for the TgSGP-PCR. Blood spots from 3 T. b. gambiense HAT cases from NW Uganda were positive by TgSGP-PCR and RIME-LAMP. PCR took 5 times longer to execute than LAMP. LAMP may be useful to monitor for emerging HAT foci, or test travellers returning from endemic countries. It should be evaluated in a case-control study to determine its utility as a HAT diagnostic. |
| PMID: 20410347 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 3. | Vet Parasitol. 2010 Mar 20. [Epub ahead of print]Longitudinal study on the detection of canine Leishmania infections by conjunctival swab analysis and correlation with entomological parameters.Gramiccia M, Di Muccio T, Fiorentino E, Scalone A, Bongiorno G, Cappiello S, Paparcone R, Foglia Manzillo V, Maroli M, Gradoni L, Oliva G.Unit of Vector-borne Diseases & International Health, MIPI Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. AbstractA longitudinal study was carried out on kennelled stray dogs in a canine leishmaniasis (CanL) endemic area, to evaluate early and late diagnostic performance of a non-invasive conjunctival swab (CS) nested (n)-PCR analysis for Leishmania detection in 2 cohorts of dogs, respectively. (A) Sixty-five IFAT- and CS n-PCR-negative dogs exposed to, and followed up once or twice a month during a full sand fly season (July-November 2008). In parallel, a sand fly survey was performed on site using standard sticky traps set twice a month, for a cumulative surface of 63m(2). (B) Seventeen IFAT- and CS n-PCR-negative dogs found positive in July 2008 at the peripheral blood buffy-coat (BC) n-PCR. These dogs were examined again by BC n-PCR in September and November 2008, and before the subsequent transmission season (May 2009) along with CS n-PCR and IFAT. None of the cohort (A) dogs converted to positive CS n-PCR during the transmission season. Although approximately 2500 phlebotomine specimens were collected with peaks of 100-147 specimens/m(2) sticky trap, the cumulative density of the only proven CanL vector in the area (Phlebotomus perniciosus) was found to be very low (0.5/m(2)). All cohort (B) dogs remained substantially seronegative; BC n-PCR showed an intermittent positive trend during the period surveyed, resulting in 82% conversions to negative by the end of the study, in contrast with 71% conversions to positive at the CS n-PCR analysis. In conclusion, while CS n-PCR was not found effective for the early detection of Leishmania contacts in dogs exposed to a low pressure of vectorial transmission, this assay showed to slowly convert to positive in a high rate of dogs, in the absence of seroconversion. CS n-PCR technique can be a suitable marker for assessing Leishmania exposure in dogs as a non-invasive alternative to current serological and molecular tools. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20409639 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 4. | BMJ. 2010 Mar 31;340:c1444. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c1444.Immunocompromised patient with an ulcerated nasolabial skin lesion.Prokopakis EP, Panagiotaki IE, Papadakis IA, Vardouniotis AS, Lagoudianakis GM, Velegrakis GA.Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece. |
| PMID: 20356960 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 5. | Mol Immunol. 2010 Apr;47(7-8):1516-21. Epub 2010 Feb 13.Molecular mechanisms involved in the inactivation of the first component of human complement by Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin.Valck C, Ramírez G, López N, Ribeiro CH, Maldonado I, Sánchez G, Ferreira VP, Schwaeble W, Ferreira A.Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile. AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the agent of Chagas' disease, the sixth most important neglected tropical disease worldwide, causes 50,000 deaths per year in Latin America. T. cruzi calreticulin (TcCRT), a highly pleiotropic chaperone molecule, plays important roles in several host/parasite interactions. Among other functions, we have previously shown that TcCRT, translocated from the endoplasmic reticulum to the area of flagellar emergence, binds human C1q and inhibits activation of the classical pathway in vitro. Based on a series of in vitro experiments, we propose here two mechanisms to explain how TcCRT inhibits the classical pathway at the initial stages of C1 (q, r, s) activation. First, TcCRT interacts in vitro with both solid phase bound active C1s and C1, but impairment of C4 activating capacity is evident only when the serine proteases are within the structural context of the macromolecular first component. Although C1s activity, in this context, is inhibited by TcCRT, the serine protease is not displaced from the C1 complex. Second, TcCRT prevents C1 formation, by interfering with the ability of the (C1r-C1s)(2) tetramer to bind C1q. These complement inhibitory effects are better explained by direct interaction of the parasite protein with C1, rather than by the TcCRT capacity to bind calcium, an essential element for the functional integrity of C1. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20153898 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 6. | Eur J Cell Biol. 2010 Jan;89(1):39-52. Epub 2009 Dec 29.Enzymatic glycosylation, inhibitor design, and synthesis and formation of glyco-self assembled monolayers for simulation of recognition.Scheppokat AM, Gerber A, Schroven A, Meinke S, Kopitzki S, Beketow E, Thimm J, Thiem J.Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. AbstractGlycosyltransferases from the albumen gland of Helix pomatia could be used in tandem mode for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of beta,1-3/beta,1-6-linked oligogalactans. By employing recombinant trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma cruzi (TcTS) the formation of a range of modified Galbeta,1-3GalNAc derivatives could be terminally alpha,2-3 sialylated. Biacore studies indicated the binding of these modified trisaccharides to myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). Using an eight-step synthetic route N-acyl-modified sialyl donor structures could be obtained. TcTS was used to transfer these structures to an isolactoside, and Michaelis constants of the donors indicated the kind and size of modifications allowed at the 5-nitrogen site. A number of sialic acid C-glycosides could be obtained via the C-allyl sialoside and subsequent metathesis. Biacore measurements showed derivatives substituted with aromatic residues to give K(D) values in the mM range. Benzaldehyde-functionalized glycosides of mono and disaccharides were synthesized by metathesis and could be used for the formation of novel glyco-self assembled monolayers (glyco-SAMs) employing various tether structures and attached to gold surfaces. Initial experiments were performed with concanavalin A and manno-SAMs. By atomic force microscopic measurements of tethered glycosides attached to gold-coated tips and surfaces weak forces in the nN range could be detected. Structure activity correlation of forces suggested rationales for complex interactions of various glycosides including minor stereochemical variations. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20042251 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 7. | Eur J Cell Biol. 2010 Jan;89(1):113-6. Epub 2009 Nov 11.Molecular interaction of Siglecs (s ialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins) with sialylated ligands on Trypanosoma cruzi.Jacobs T, Erdmann H, Fleischer B.Department of Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany. tjacobs@bni.uni-hamburg.de AbstractThe protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is transmitted by blood-sucking insect vectors. After transmission, parasites circulate in the blood as trypomastigotes and invade a variety of cells to multiply intracellularly as amastigotes. The acute phase triggers an immune response that restricts the dissemination and proliferation of parasites. However, parasites are able to persist in different tissues for decades causing the pathology of Chagas' disease. T. cruzi expresses a trans-sialidase (TS). This unique enzyme transfers sialic acid from host glycoconjugates to mucin-like molecules on the parasite and is supposed to be a major virulence factor. TS and sialylated structures were implicated in the persistence of parasites. We discuss here the recent findings on the function of sialylated structures on the surface of T. cruzi with a special emphasis on their property to interact with sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins, which may allow the parasite to modulate the immune system of the host. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 19910077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 8. | Pharm Res. 2009 Dec;26(12):2588-98. Epub 2009 Oct 20.Preparation, characterization and evaluation of targeting potential of amphotericin B-loaded engineered PLGA nanoparticles.Nahar M, Jain NK.Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, India. AbstractPURPOSE: The objective of present work was to develop a mannose-anchored, engineered nanoparticulate system for efficient delivery of amphotericin B to macrophages. Furthermore, the effect of spacer on macrophage targeting was also evaluated. METHODS: PLGA was conjugated to mannose via direct coupling (M-PLGA) and via PEG spacer (M-PEG-PLGA), and engineered PLGA nanoparticles (M-PNPs and M-PEG-PNPs) were prepared from respective conjugates. These prepared engineered PNPs were characterized for size, polydispersity index (PDI), surface charge, and drug entrapment efficiency (% DEE). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to study the shape and surface morphology of engineered PNPs. Macrophage targeting was evaluated via cellular uptake, ex vivo antileishmanial activity and in vivo biodisposition pattern of engineered PNPs in macrophage-rich organs. RESULTS: The developed engineered PNPs were found to be of nanometric size (<200 nm) and to have low PDI (<0.162) and good entrapment efficiency (%DEE >53.0%). AFM and TEM revealed that both M-PNPs and M-PEG-PNPs had smooth surface and spherical topography. Engineered PNPs with spacer showed enhanced uptake, potential antileishmanial activity and higher disposition in macrophage-rich organs, suggesting improved macrophage targeting. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that engineering of nanoparticles could lead to development of efficient carrier for macrophage targeting. |
| PMID: 19842021 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 9. | Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2009 Dec;9(6):631-6.Characterization of sleeping sickness transmission sites in rural and periurban areas of Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo).Grébaut P, Bena JM, Manzambi EZ, Mansinsa P, Khande V, Ollivier G, Cuny G, Simo G.Laboratoire de Recherche et de Coordination sur les Trypanosomoses (LRCT), UR 177 IRD/CIRAD, TA-A17G, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France. pascal.grebaut@ird.fr AbstractTo characterize the potential transmission sites of sleeping sickness in Kinshasa, two entomologic surveys were carried out during the dry and the rainy seasons in rural and periurban areas of Kinshasa in 2005. About 610 pyramidal traps were set up, and 897 Glossina fuscipes quanzensis were captured. Environmental and biologic factors were reported, and relationships between these factors were evaluated using logistic regression and multiple correspondence analysis. The biologic factors (the presence of tsetse flies, human blood meals, and teneral flies) were progressively accumulated at each capture site to permit the characterization of the sleeping sickness transmission risk. The dry season was found to be a more favorable period for the disease transmission than the rainy season. Moreover, the landscapes characterized by the presence of argillaceous soils, raised ground cover with forest residues and rivers, were identified as types of environments with greater risk of sleeping sickness transmission. Pig breeding appeared as an important factor increasing the disease transmission. If vector control is continuously performed along rivers segments at high risk, the transmission of sleeping sickness in rural and periurban areas of Kinshasa will considerably decrease. |
| PMID: 19272002 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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