What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Wednesday, 2010 May 05
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 10 of 14

1.	Vet Res Commun. 2010 May 5. [Epub ahead of print] Proteomic analysis in canine leishmaniasis. Britti D, Gaspari M, Massimini G, Casalinuovo F, Morittu VM, Cuda G. Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica Università degli Studi di Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", viale Europa, Campus S. Venuta, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy, britti@unicz.it. Abstract The aim of this study was to perform a proteomic analysis on serum of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania parasite. Sera from 24 dogs, n. 8 with high IFAT titre of anti-Leishmania antibodies (>/= 1:640), n. 8 with uncertain titre (= 1:40), and n. 8 with IFAT negative were used. Sera of each group were pooled together to form three pools: P (high titre); U (uncertain titre); and N (negative). The P pool was analyzed, using a mass spectrometry-based approach to search for Leishmania proteins (qualitative analysis). In a second experiment, protein signal intensities of U and P pools were compared with the signal intensities of N pool by a quantitative mass spectrometry method based on isotopic dilution. The quantitative analysis detected a total of 70 proteins, of which 17 and 5 resulted over- and under-represented in sample P, respectively.
	PMID: 20440645 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 May;82(5):819-21. Heterogeneity of Leishmania infantum chagasi kinetoplast DNA in Teresina (Brazil). Alonso DP, Costa DL, de Mendonça IL, Costa CH, Ribolla PE. Department of Parasitology, Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil (UNESP). Abstract Leishmania infantum chagasi is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles was used to evaluate genetic profiles of 48 Leishmania infantum chagasi strains from dog and human parasite cultures, fresh collected dog bone marrow aspirates, and from infected sand flies. Results revealed that heterogeneity in kDNA minicircles depends mostly on the source of the samples, with cultured parasites showing a high degree of homogeneity.
	PMID: 20439961 [PubMed - in process]
	Publication Types: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

3.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 May;82(5):814-8. Leishmania tropica in rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) in a focus of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Talmi-Frank D, Jaffe CL, Nasereddin A, Warburg A, King R, Svobodova M, Peleg O, Baneth G. School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel. Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania tropica, has recently emerged in urban and rural foci of central and northern Israel, and constitutes a major public health concern. Rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis), the suspected natural reservoir, were trapped in the cutaneous leishmaniasis urban focus of Maale Adumim in central Israel and evaluated for L. tropica infection by real-time kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology. Real-time PCR on blood and computerized western blot serology analysis was positive for L. tropica in 58% and 80%, respectively, of the hyraxes tested. Phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 region indicated that similar genotypes were present in humans and hyraxes from the same habitat. The high rates of infection and exposure to L. tropica among hyraxes supports their involvement in the transmission cycle of this parasite, and their potential role as a reservoir for human disease.
	PMID: 20439960 [PubMed - in process]
	Publication Types: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

4.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 May;82(5):808-13. Evaluation of ex vivo human immune response against candidate antigens for a visceral leishmaniasis vaccine. Kumar R, Goto Y, Gidwani K, Cowgill KD, Sundar S, Reed SG. Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Abstract People cured from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) develop protection mediated by Th1-type cellular responses against new infections. We evaluated cytokine responses against 6 defined candidate vaccine antigens in 15 cured VL subjects and 5 healthy endemic controls with no evidence of previous exposure to Leishmania parasites. Of the 6 cytokines examined, only interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) differentiated cured VL patients from non-exposed individuals, with cured patients mounting a significantly higher IFN-gamma response to a crude parasite antigen preparation. Among candidate vaccine antigens tested, the largest number of cured subjects recognized cysteine proteinase B, leading to heightened IFN-gamma responses, followed by sterol 24-c-methyltransferase. These two antigens were the most immunogenic and protective antigens in a murine VL model, indicating a relationship between T cell recall responses of humans cured from VL and protective efficacy in an experimental model. Further studies may help prioritize antigens for clinical development of a subunit vaccine against VL.
	PMID: 20439959 [PubMed - in process]
	Publication Types: Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Grant Support: AI25038/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States

5.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 May;82(5):801-7. Measurement of recent exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of Indian visceral Leishmaniasis, by using human antibody responses to sand fly saliva. Clements MF, Gidwani K, Kumar R, Hostomska J, Dinesh DS, Kumar V, Das P, Müller I, Hamilton G, Volfova V, Boelaert M, Das M, Rijal S, Picado A, Volf P, Sundar S, Davies CR, Rogers ME. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. Abstract Antibody (IgG) responses to the saliva of Phlebotomus argentipes were investigated using serum samples from regions of India endemic and non-endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). By pre-adsorbing the sera against the saliva of the competing human-biting but non-VL vector P. papatasi, we significantly improved the specificity of a P. argentipes saliva enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using this method, we observed a statistically significant correlation between antibodies to P. argenitpes saliva and the average indoor density of female sand flies. Additionally, the method was able to detect recent changes in vector exposure when sera from VL patients were assayed before, during, and after hospitalization and protected from sand fly bites under untreated bed nets. Collectively, these results highlight the utility of antibodies to P. argentipes saliva as an important tool to evaluate VL vector control programs.
	PMID: 20439958 [PubMed - in process]
	Publication Types: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Grant Support: WT078223MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom

6.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 May;82(5):795-800. Dynamics and predictive potential of antibodies against insect-derived recombinant Leishmania infantum proteins during chemotherapy of naturally infected dogs. Todolí F, Galindo I, Gómez-Sebastián S, Pérez-Filgueira M, Escribano JM, Alberola J, Rodríguez-Cortés A. Unitat de Farmacologia Veterinària and LeishLAB-Servei d'Anàlisi de Fàrmacs, Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Abstract A predictive marker for the success treatment of canine leishmaniasis is required for the application of a more rational therapy protocol, which must improve the probability of cure and reduce Leishmania resistance to drugs. We investigated the dynamics and predictive value of antibodies against insect-derived recombinant L. infantum proteins rKMPII and rTRYP by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with retrospective serum samples from 36 dogs during treatment of canine leishmaniasis. In the entire group of dogs, concentrations of antibodies against rKMPII and rTRYP significantly decreased earlier than concentrations of antibodies against crude total Leishmania antigen (one versus six months), which suggested that the dynamics of antibodies against recombinant proteins may be useful for assessing clinical improvement after treatment. Interestingly, decreases in antibody concentrations against rKMPII occurred earlier in disease-free dogs than in dogs that remain clinically ill one year after beginning of treatment, which suggested that these antibodies may be useful for predicting disease-free survival one year after the beginning of therapy against canine leishmaniasis.
	PMID: 20439957 [PubMed - in process]
	Publication Types: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

7.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 May 3. [Epub ahead of print] Cross-resistance to nitro-drugs and implications for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. Sokolova AY, Wyllie S, Patterson S, Oza SL, Read KD, Fairlamb AH. From the Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK. Abstract The success of nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy (NECT) for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) has renewed interest in the potential of nitro-drugs as chemotherapeutics. In order to study the implications of the more widespread use of nitro-drugs against these parasites, we examined the in vivo and in vitro resistance potential of nifurtimox and fexinidazole and its metabolites. Following selection in vitro by exposure to increasing concentrations of nifurtimox, T. brucei brucei nifurtimox-resistant clones designated NfxR1 and NfxR2 were generated. Both cell lines were found to be 8-fold less sensitive to nifurtimox than parental cells and demonstrated cross-resistance to a number of other nitro-drugs, most notably the clinical trial candidate fexinidazole ( approximately 27-fold resistant). Studies in mice confirmed that generation of nifurtimox resistance in these parasites did not compromise virulence and NfxR1 remained resistant to both nifurtimox and fexinidazole in vivo. In the case of fexinidazole, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies indicate that the parent drug is rapidly metabolized to the sulfoxide and sulfone form of this compound. These metabolites retained trypanocidal activity, but were less effective in nifurtimox resistant lines. Significantly, trypanosomes selected for resistance to fexinidazole were 10-fold resistant to nifurtimox. This reciprocal cross-resistance has important implications for the therapeutic use of nifurtimox in a clinical setting and highlights a potential danger in the use of fexinidazole as a monotherapy.
	PMID: 20439607 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

8.	Exp Parasitol. 2010 Apr 30. [Epub ahead of print] Leishmania donovani complex (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae): Comparison of Deoxyribonucleic acid based techniques for typing of isolates from Ethiopia. Gadisa E, Kuru T, Genet A, Engers H, Aseffa A, Gedamu L. Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O.Box 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa. Abstract In Ethiopia, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an increasing public health concern. Recently, a new outbreak of VL claimed the lives of hundreds of Ethiopians. Mapping its distribution and the identification of the causative Leishmania species is important for proper use of resources and for control planning. The choice of appropriate typing technique is the key for determining the infecting species. Here we compared three deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based markers. We used, for the first time, cpbE and cpbF (cpbE/F) PCR-RFLP and demonstrated that it clearly differentiates L. donovani from L. infantum. The cpbE/F PCR-RFLP gave identical banding pattern for all L. donovani strains irrespective of their geographic origin. With the K26 (primers) PCR-RFLP, the L. donovani strains gave a banding pattern different from L. infantum and showed variation with geographic origin. The Ethiopian isolates typed as L. donovani by the PCR-RFLP of the cpbE/F (gene) and K26 (primers) showed two types of patterns with the T2/B4 (primers) PCR-RFLP; one group with L. infantum-like and the other L. donovani-like pattern. Phylogenetic analysis using cpbE/F sequences showed variation with geographic origin of strains and the African strains of L. donovani are more distantly related to L. infantum. Moreover, the Ethiopian isolates were seen to be closely related to the Sudanese, Kenyan and Indian strains. Thus, we recommend the use of more than one marker to study the population genetics of L. donovani complex. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc.
	PMID: 20438727 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

9.	J Dermatolog Treat. 2010 May 4. [Epub ahead of print] Randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of intralesional sodium stibogluconate and intralesional 7% hypertonic sodium chloride against cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani. Ranawaka RR, Weerakoon HS. Anuradhapura Teaching Hospital, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Abstract Abstract Introduction: Since cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a self healing disease, an ideal therapy should be rapidly effective, easily administered, cheap, available at all times at all centers and should have no side effects. Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of intralesional 7% hypertonic saline in comparison to intralesional sodium stibogluconate against L. donovani CL. Methods: Intralesional hypertonic saline (HS) and sodium stibogluconate (SSG) were randomly allocated to 154 patients (229 lesions); these were followed-up for 18 months. Results: The M:F ratio was 1.8:1 (99:55). The average age of our population was 32 years. SSG was given to 87 patients (136 lesions); HS was given to 67 patients (93 lesions). SSG showed a 100% cure rate within one to six injections (average 3.24); HS showed a 92.2% cure rate within one to 10 injections (average 5.27). The average duration of treatment with SSG and HS was 5.11 and 8.78 weeks respectively. There was no difference in efficacy for both therapies with regard to ulcers or papules, and small or large, exposed or unexposed lesions. There was no association between the rapidity of clinical response and the duration and location of lesions. There were no local or systemic side effects except pain during injection. The lesions in the two groups showed post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation after treatment. During 18 months of follow-up there were no recurrences and no visceralization. Conclusions: The most effective therapy for Leishmania donovani cutaneous leishmaniasis was intralesional SSG (average 3.24 injections). HS was effective, but needed an average of 5.27 injections in total per lesion. HS was cheap, with no risk of systemic side effects and was easily available at all centers.
	PMID: 20438389 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

10.	Scand J Infect Dis. 2010 May 3. [Epub ahead of print] Leishmaniasis, a global concern for travel medicine. Neghina R, Neghina AM. From the Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania. Abstract Abstract Leishmaniasis, a parasitic infection listed by the World Health Organization among the 6 most important tropical diseases, is endemic in approximately 88 countries worldwide, with a global estimate of 350 million individuals at risk. The present report aims to review the imported cases of leishmaniasis reported in retrospective studies or described as clusters or single interesting cases. It is apparent that some European countries considered as premier tourist attractions export leishmaniasis: Greece, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Croatia and Turkey. Travelling and exploring the New World countries, especially the Amazonian jungle and the archaeological ancient sites, is a continuous challenge, with a risk of acquiring various tropical infections. Imported leishmaniasis has occurred in individuals who have gone to work abroad in improper conditions, without being aware of the risk of severe vector-borne infections. Exported cases are carried by refugees and immigrants from endemic developing countries. Extended military operations are a further source of imported cases. In the new millennium, the import and export of leishmaniasis continue to be of major concern for public health services worldwide as a result of increased mobility.
	PMID: 20438287 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]