What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

This message contains My NCBI what's new results from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Do not reply directly to this message.

Sender's message:

Sent on Saturday, 2010 May 22
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
Click here to view complete results in PubMed. (Results may change over time.)
To unsubscribe from these e-mail updates click here.

PubMed Results

Items 1 - 10 of 13

1.	Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 May;71(3):343-7. The Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from Perovskia abrotanoides Karel and its Main Components. Mahboubi M, Kazempour N. Department of Microbiology, Barij Essence Pharmaceutical Company, 87135-1187 Kashan, Iran. Abstract In Iranian folk medicine, Perovskia abrotanoides is used for treatment of leishmaniasis. These patients may develop secondary infections with opportunistic microorganisms. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of essential oil from aerial part of P. abrotanoides and its main components was evaluated against different microorganisms. Disc diffusion and broth micro dilution assays were used for in vitro antimicrobial screening. The antibacterial activity of this oil and main components on viability of S. aureus was determined. The oil showed antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Gram positive bacteria especially Staphylococcus aureus with zone inhibitions and minimal inhibitory concentration values in the range of 7.6 to 29 mm and 2 to 8 mul/ml respectively, whereas the least susceptible were Aspergillus niger and Gram negative bacteria. In viability test, the results showed that the antimicrobial activity of 1,8-cineole was more than that of alpha-pinene and camphor but after 60 min this effect gradually decreased only for 1,8-cineole and ultimately the antibacterial activity of camphor was more than that of alpha-pinene. 1,8-cineole had weak antimicrobial activity against all of the tested microorganisms. Hence the use of P. abrotanoides oil could be useful in fighting secondary infections in leishmaniasis especially against S. aureus.
	PMID: 20490312 [PubMed - in process]

2.	Trends Parasitol. 2010 May 18. [Epub ahead of print] Immunity to Leishmania and the rational search for vaccines against canine leishmaniasis. Reis AB, Giunchetti RC, Carrillo E, Martins-Filho OA, Moreno J. Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Abstract The control of infection by Leishmania infantum (syn. Leishmania chagasi) in dogs is essential to stop the current spread of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. The past few years have seen significant advances in achieving efficient immunization of dogs and, more than ever before, an effective vaccine against canine leishmaniasis can now be considered a feasible goal. This article summarizes experimental data gathered from recent dog trials aimed at identifying immunological mechanisms implicated in protection against canine infection to discuss their potential to serve as quantitative surrogate markers of immunization and, more importantly, its usefulness to evaluate whether the immunity induced by the vaccine candidate is strong enough to protect against canine leishmaniasis. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 20488751 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations

3.	Biosens Bioelectron. 2010 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print] Characterization of oxidative stress in Leishmaniasis-infected or LPS-stimulated macrophages using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Reybier K, Ribaut C, Coste A, Launay J, Fabre PL, Nepveu F. Université de Toulouse, UPS, LPSNPR (Laboratoire pharmacochimie des substances naturelles et pharmacophores redox), 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France; IRD, LPSNPR, F-31062 Toulouse, France. Abstract The physiological changes caused by external stimuli can be employed as parameters to study pathogen infection in cells and the effect of drugs. Among analytical methods, impedance is potentially useful to give insight into cellular behavior by studying morphological changes, alterations in the physiological state, production of charged or redox species without interfering with in vitro cellular metabolism and labeling. The present work describes the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to simply monitor by modeling impedance plots (Nyquist diagram) in appropriate equivalent circuit, the changes affecting murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) in response to parasite infection by Leishmania amazonensis or to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. These results demonstrate the ability of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to discriminate between two opposite cell responses associated to two different stimuli, one caused by the internalization of a parasite, and the other by activation by a bacterium component. Indeed, the study has allowed the characterization, from an electrical point of view, of the extra-cellular NO radical produced endogenously and in great quantities by the inducible form of NO-synthase in the case of LPS-stimulated macrophages. This production was not observed in the case of Leishmania-infected macrophages for which to survive and multiply, the parasite itself possesses mechanisms which may interfere with NO production. In this latest case, only the intracellular production of ROS was observed. To confirm these interpretations confocal microscopy analysis using the ROS (reactive oxygen species) fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments using Fe(DETC)(2) as NO radical spin trap were carried out. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 20488689 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations

4.	Trop Med Int Health. 2010 May 14. [Epub ahead of print] Accordance and concordance of PCR and NASBA followed by oligochromatography for the molecular diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania. Mugasa CM, Deborggraeve S, Schoone GJ, Laurent T, Leeflang MM, Ekangu RA, El Safi S, Saad AF, Basiye FL, De Doncker S, Lubega GW, Kager PA, Büscher P, Schallig HD. Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Abstract Summary Objective To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of four simplified molecular assays for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei spp. or Leishmania ssp. in a multicentre ring trial with seven participating laboratories. Methods The tests are based on PCR or NASBA amplification of the parasites nucleic acids followed by rapid read-out by oligochromatographic dipstick (PCR-OC and NASBA-OC). Results On purified nucleic acid specimens, the repeatability and reproducibility of the tests were Tryp-PRC-OC, 91.7% and 95.5%; Tryp-NASBA-OC, 95.8% and 100%; Leish-PCR-OC, 95.9% and 98.1%; Leish-NASBA-OC, 92.3% and 98.2%. On blood specimens spiked with parasites, the repeatability and reproducibility of the tests were Tryp-PRC-OC, 78.4% and 86.6%; Tryp-NASBA-OC, 81.5% and 89.0%; Leish-PCR-OC, 87.1% and 91.7%; Leish-NASBA-OC, 74.8% and 86.2%. Conclusion As repeatability and reproducibility of the tests were satisfactory, further phase II and III evaluations in clinical and population specimens from disease endemic countries are justified.
	PMID: 20487429 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations

5.	Trop Med Int Health. 2010 May 14. [Epub ahead of print] Sensitivity and specificity of the Leishmania OligoC-TesT and NASBA-oligochromatography f or diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya. Basiye FL, Mbuchi M, Magiri C, Kirigi G, Deborggraeve S, Schoone GJ, Saad AA, El-Safi S, Matovu E, Wasunna MK. Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. Abstract Summary Objective To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the OligoC-TesT and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification coupled to oligochromatography (NASBA-OC) for molecular detection of Leishmania in blood from patients with confirmed visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and healthy endemic controls from Kenya. Methods Blood specimens of 84 patients with confirmed VL and 98 endemic healthy controls from Baringo district in Kenya were submitted to both assays. Results The Leishmania OligoC-TesT showed a sensitivity of 96.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90-98.8%) and a specificity of 88.8% (95% CI: 81-93.6%), while the sensitivity and specificity of the NASBA-OC were 79.8% (95% CI: 67-87%) and 100% (95% CI: 96.3-100%), respectively. Conclusion Our findings indicate high sensitivity of the Leishmania OligoC-TesT on blood while the NASBA-OC is a better marker for active disease.
	PMID: 20487428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations

6.	Trop Med Int Health. 2010 May 14. [Epub ahead of print] Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome o f patients with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection in northwest Ethiopia. Hurissa Z, Gebre-Silassie S, Hailu W, Tefera T, Lalloo DG, Cuevas LE, Hailu A. University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia. Abstract Summary Objectives To describe the clinical presentation of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection and factors associated with poor outcome in northwest Ethiopia. Method Retrospective review of 241 patients with VL (92 with and 149 without HIV co-infection). Results HIV co-infection was present in 92 (38%) of the patients. Clinical presentation of VL was indistinguishable between patients with and without HIV co-infection. Co-infected patients had a poorer outcome i.e. either death or treatment failure (31.5%vs. 5.6%, P < 0.001). The presence of tuberculosis or sepsis syndrome among patients with VL and HIV co-infected independently predicted death or treatment failure [odds ratio 4.5 (95% CI 1.47-13.92, P = 0.009) and 9.1 (95% CI 2.16-37.97, P = 0.003), respectively]. Despite having similar clinical presentation at the time of diagnosis, VL and HIV co-infected patients had a higher mortality and treatment failure than immunocompetent patients. Conclusion The frequency of HIV co-infection among patients with VL is high in the study area, and this co-infection was associated with death or treatment failure. The clinical management of VL in HIV co-infected patients is a major challenge that requires new treatment approaches to improve its outcome.
	PMID: 20487426 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations

7.	Trop Med Int Health. 2010 May 6. [Epub ahead of print] Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis in India: further evidence on the role of domestic animals. Singh SP, Hasker E, Picado A, Gidwani K, Malaviya P, Singh RP, Boelaert M, Sundar S. Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Abstract Summary Objective Studies investigating risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) on the Indian Subcontinent have shown contradictory results related to the role of domestic animals. In some studies having animals in or around the house was a risk factor, in others it was protective. We investigated the specific hypothesis that keeping domestic animals inside the house at night is a risk factor for VL. Methods Individually matched case-control study. All patients with VL diagnosed in the study area in Bihar, India between March 1st, 2007 and December 1st, 2008 were eligible. For each case, we selected two random controls, with no history of previous VL; matched on sex, age group and neighbourhood. Patients and controls were subjected to a structured interview on the main exposure of interest and potential confounders; a conditional logistic regression model was used to analyse the data. Results We enrolled 141 patients and 282 controls. We found no significant associations between VL and keeping domestic animals inside the house (OR of 0.88 for bovines and 1.00 for 'any animal') or ownership of domestic animals (OR of 0.97 for bovines and 1.02 for 'any animal'). VL was associated with housing conditions. Living in a thatched house (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.50-4.48) or in a house with damp floors (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.25-5.41) were risk factors, independently from socio economic status. Conclusion Keeping animals inside the house is not a risk factor for VL in Bihar, India. Improving housing conditions for the poor has the potential to reduce VL incidence.
	PMID: 20487424 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations

8.	Trop Med Int Health. 2010 May 6. [Epub ahead of print] Visceral leishmaniasis supplement: the economic impact of visceral leishmaniasis on rural households in one endemic dis trict of Bihar, India. Sarnoff R, Desai J, Desjeux P, Mittal A, Topno R, Siddiqui NA, Pandey A, Sur D, Das P. Institute for OneWorld Health, San Francisco CA, USA. Abstract Summary Objective To estimate the economic burden of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) on the rural population of one VL endemic district of Bihar, the state with 85% of India's cases. Methods Using a survey of a stratified multistage sampling of 15 178 households with 214 individuals with VL in the previous 12 months, the study provides data on VL treatment expenditures, financing and days of work lost in the context of overall household expenditures, income sources and assets. Results Median household expenditures on VL treatment represent, on average, 11% of annual household expenditures and an estimated 7 months of an individual's income at the daily wage in rural Bihar. With 87% of households forced to take out loans to finance disease costs, VL can contribute to a spiral of increasing poverty. The current pattern of VL treatment, with multiple visits and treatments for a single episode of illness, significantly increases the economic burden on the household. Conclusion India's National Elimination Program to make effective treatments accessible to the rural poor, if combined with expanded efforts to improve timely access to diagnosis by conducting rapid diagnostic tests closer to the community (and mobilizing the rural population to seek effective treatment earlier), can reduce VL's economic burden on India's rural households.
	PMID: 20487423 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations

9.	Trop Med Int Health. 2010 May 6. [Epub ahead of print] Annual incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Bihar, India. Das P, Samuels S, Desjeux P, Mittal A, Topno R, Siddiqui NA, Sur D, Pandey A, Sarnoff R. Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India. Abstract Summary The study presents the findings of a population-based survey of the annual incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the rural areas of one VL-endemic district in Bihar, India. Stratified multi-stage sampling was applied in the selection of blocks, villages, hamlets, and households. We screened 15 178 households (91 000 individuals) in 80 villages in 7 of 27 administrative blocks of the district, East Champaran. We identified 227 VL cases that occurred in the past 12 months: 149 treated individuals who survived, 14 who died from VL, and 64 active cases. The high-incidence stratum had an estimated incidence of 35.6 cases per 10 000 persons per year (90% CI: 27.7-45.7). The annual incidence rate in the medium stratum areas was 16.8 cases per 10 000 (90% CI: 9.3-30.6). The combined annual incidence rate for the high and medium areas combined was 21.9 cases per 10 000 per year, (90% CI: 14.0-34.2). The Government of India's VL elimination goal is to reduce the VL incidence to one case per 10 000 at the sub-district level; thus, a 35-fold reduction will be required in those areas with the highest VL incidence.
	PMID: 20487422 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations

10.	Trop Med Int Health. 2010 May 6. [Epub ahead of print] Epidemiology of Leishmania donovani infection in high-transmission foci in Nepal. Rijal S, Uranw S, Chappuis F, Picado A, Khanal B, Paudel IS, Andersen EW, Meheus F, Ostyn B, Das ML, Davies C, Boelaert M. B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Ghopa, Dharan, Nepal. Abstract Summary Objective Nepal reports a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) incidence of 5 per 10 000 per year on the basis of notification by health facilities, but little community-based epidemiological information exists. We report data on prevalence rates of Leishmania donovani infection in ten communities in East Nepal. Methods Ten clusters with highest VL incidence rates were purposefully selected in Nepal. All households were mapped and socio-demographic data and data on past VL incidence were collected. An exhaustive serological survey was performed of individuals aged >2 years, by collecting finger prick blood on filter paper in November-December 2006. The samples were tested by direct agglutination, and a titre >/=1:1600 was taken as marker of infection. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to assess risk factors for Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) positivity taking into account the clustering at household and village level. Results The sero-survey (n = 5397) showed an infection prevalence rate of 9%, (range 5-15% per cluster) with higher prevalence in men (9.9%) than in women (8.3%) (P = 0.049). Male gender, increasing age and poverty were significant risk factors in the final GEE model. Conclusion Leishmania infection rate in high-transmission areas in Nepal is associated with gender, age and socio-economic status.
	PMID: 20487421 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations