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Sent on Friday, 2010 May 28Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Dermatol Ther. 2010 Mar-Apr;23 Suppl 2:S44-6.Discoid chronic lupus erythematosus at the site of a previously healed cutaneous leishmaniasis: an example of isotopic response.Bardazzi F, Giacomini F, Savoia F, Misciali C, Patrizi A.Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. federico.bardazzi@aosp.bo.it AbstractThe term "isotopic response" describes the occurrence of a new skin disorder at the site of another, unrelated and already healed one. We report here the case of a 38-year-old woman who referred to us for an infiltrated, red-brownish plaque localized on her left cheek. The patient had been treated for a cutaneous leishmaniasis, confirmed by the histologic examination, localized at the same site. She was completely healed after an appropriate local and systemic treatment. She experienced the occurrence of the new plaque at the site of the previously healed cutaneous leishmaniasis three month later. Histologic examination and laboratory tests were consistent with a diagnosis of discoid cutaneous chronic lupus erythematosus. Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, topical clobetasol and topical tretinoin resulted in flattening and clearing of the lesion. Our case is the first case of isotopic response where a discoid chronic lupus erythematosus had occurred at the site of an already healed cutaneous leishmaniasis. We speculate that the activation of type-1 interferon system may be involved in the pathogenesis of our case. |
| PMID: 20482569 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 2. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 May;82(5):861-4.Assessment of CD8(+) T cell differentiation in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected children.Albareda MC, Olivera GC, De Rissio AM, Postan M.Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. M. Fatala Chaben," Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. mcalbareda@gmail.com AbstractWe previously reported that the T cell compartment in chronically Trypanosoma cruzi-infected adult subjects display functional and phenotypic signs of immune senescence. This study aimed to investigate the differentiation and the senescent profile of the overall CD8(+) T cell compartment in T. cruzi-infected children at the early stage of the disease. We found a lower percentage of naive (CD27(+)CD28(+)CD45RA(+)) and early antigen-experienced (CD45RA(-)CD27(+)CD28(+)), and higher percentages of late differentiated antigen-experienced (CD45RA(-)CD27(-)CD28(-)) CD8(+) T cells in T. cruzi-infected children as compared with age-matched uninfected controls. The expression of the interleukin (IL)-7R is also decreased on naive and on antigen-experienced total CD8(+) T cells with various degrees of differentiation. Conversely, the expression of HLA-DR, caspase-3, and CD57 did not vary on the total CD8(+) T cell compartment. These findings suggest that the duration of the infection is relevant in the process of immune senescent that this parasite can induce. |
| PMID: 20439967 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 3. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 May;82(5):855-60.Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi and T. rangeli infections from Rhodnius pallescens bugs by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).Thekisoe OM, Rodriguez CV, Rivas F, Coronel-Servian AM, Fukumoto S, Sugimoto C, Kawazu S, Inoue N.National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan. AbstractWe have developed two loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for specific detection of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli based on the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) genes, respectively. The detection limit of the assays is 100 fg and 1 pg for T. cruzi and T. rangeli, respectively, with reactions conducted in 60 minutes. The two LAMP assays were used in detection of T. cruzi and T. rangeli infections in comparison with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DNA samples extracted from Rhodnius pallescens bugs collected from palm trees in Panama. Out of a total of 52 DNA samples from R. pallescens bugs 17 (33%) and 14 (27%) were T. cruzi-positive by LAMP and PCR, respectively, while, 7 (13%) and 4 (8%) were T. rangeli-positive by LAMP and PCR, respectively. Further evaluation of these LAMP assays is needed, especially with specimens collected from human patients as well as blood kept for transfusion purposes. |
| PMID: 20439966 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 4. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 May;82(5):846-54.Transcriptomic signatures of alterations in a myoblast cell line infected with four distinct strains of Trypanosoma cruzi.Adesse D, Iacobas DA, Iacobas S, Garzoni LR, Meirelles Mde N, Tanowitz HB, Spray DC.Laboratorio de Ultra-estrutura Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. adesse@ioc.fiocruz.br AbstractWe examined the extent to which different Trypanosoma cruzi strains induce transcriptomic changes in cultured L(6)E(9) myoblasts 72 hours after infection with Brazil (TC I), Y (TC II), CL (TC II), and Tulahuen (TC II) strains. Expression of 6,289 distinct, fully annotated unigenes was quantified with 27,000 rat oligonucleotide arrays in each of the four replicas of all control and infected RNA samples. Considering changes greater than 1.5-fold and P values < 0.05, the Tulahuen strain was the most disruptive to host transcriptome (17% significantly altered genes), whereas the Y strain altered only 6% of the genes. The significantly altered genes in the infected cells were largely different among the strains, and only 21 genes were similarly changed by all four strains. However, myoblasts infected with different strains showed proportional overall gene-expression alterations. These results indicate that infection with different parasite strains modulates similar but not identical pathways in the host cells. |
| PMID: 20439965 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 5. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 May;82(5):838-45.Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Efficacy of its monitoring in an urban reference health center in a non-endemic area of Argentina.De Rissio AM, Riarte AR, García MM, Esteva MI, Quaglino M, Ruiz AM.Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben, ANLIS Dr. Carlos G Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina. amderissio@yahoo.com.ar AbstractCongenital transmission (CT) has acquired relevance in Chagas disease (CHD). A cohort of pregnant CHD women (4,355) and their babies were studied in the period 1994-2004. Children were excluded when they had received blood transfusions, or were born or had been in endemic areas; CT rate was 6.1%. Babies were diagnosed between months 1 and 5 in 68.9% of the cases and between months 6 and 12 in 31.1%. In the latter group, parasitemia was detected in 94% and serology in 74.7%. Between months 6 and 9, parasitemia diagnosed 36.2% (P = 0.000) more cases than serology. If serology had been the diagnosis method, those children would have been considered CT free. Taking the overall outcomes, 38.1% of babies were CT free, and 55.8% did not complete the follow-up. Establishing CT as a public health priority and improving first-line health service, congenital CHD coverage could be more efficient in endemic countries. |
| PMID: 20439964 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 6. | Exp Parasitol. 2010 Jul;125(3):251-5. Epub 2010 Feb 6.Trypanosoma evansi: cholinesterase activity in acutely infected Wistar rats.Wolkmer P, Lopes ST, Franciscato C, da Silva AS, Traesel CK, Siqueira LC, Pereira ME, Monteiro SG, Mazzanti CM.Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. patiwol@hotmail.com AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate cholinesterase activity during the early acute phase of Trypanosoma evansi infection in rats. Fifteen male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups (n=5 animals per group): two trypanosome-infected groups (T3 and T5) and uninfected controls (C). The animals were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(6) trypanosomes. The blood was collected by cardiac puncture on the 3rd (T3) or 5th day post-infection (T5 and C). Cerebrum and cerebellum were removed for the evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. AChE activity was also evaluated in whole blood and butyrylcholinesterase activity (BUChE) in plasma samples. Parasitemia were progressive increase and parasites were observed in the peripheral blood of all infected animals one day post-inoculation. AChE activity was not altered in cerebrum and cerebellum tissues. AChE activity in blood significantly decreased in the T3 and T5 groups (26.63 and 25.86mU/lmolHb) compared with the control (37.84mU/lmolHb). In addition BUChE activity in plasma was lower in the T3 (7.01micromol BTC hydrolyzed/h/mL) than the T5 and C groups (9.84 and 12.00micromol BTC hydrolyzed/h/mL). This study therefore, shows that reductions in the activity of cholinesterase occur in acute infection by T. evansi in rats and this demonstrates an important change occurring in animals infected by the protozoan and may indicate a potential role the enzymes play in the mechanism of disease. |
| PMID: 20138875 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 7. | Exp Parasitol. 2010 Jul;125(3):256-63. Epub 2010 Feb 6.Detection of matrix metallopeptidase-9-like proteins in Trypanosoma cruzi.Nogueira de Melo AC, de Souza EP, Elias CG, dos Santos AL, Branquinha MH, d'Avila-Levy CM, dos Reis FC, Costa TF, Lima AP, de Souza Pereira MC, Meirelles MN, Vermelho AB.Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Bloco I, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. AbstractIn this study, the cell-associated and extracellular peptidases of Trypanosoma cruzi grown in modified Roitman's complex (MRC) medium were analyzed by measuring peptidase activity in gelatin-containing zymograms. Our results showed that the cell-associated peptidases as well as peptidases extracellularly released by T. cruzi displayed two distinct proteolytic classes: cysteine and metallopeptidase activities. The major cysteine peptidase, cruzipain, synthesized by T. cruzi cells was detected in cellular parasite content, as a 50kDa reactive polypeptide, after probing with anti-cruzipain antibody. In addition, metallo-type peptidases belonging to the matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) family were revealed, after Western blotting, as a 97kDa protein band in cellular extract and an 85kDa polypeptide in both cellular and secreted parasite extracts. The MMP-9-like activity present in cells and spent culture medium was immunoprecipitated by an anti-MMP-9 polyclonal antibody. The surface location of MMP-9-like proteins in T. cruzi was also evidenced by means of flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, doxycycline that has direct MMP-9 inhibiting properties in vitro, inhibited MMP-9-like activities in gel zymography, immunoprecipitation and flow cytometry analyses. This is the first report of the presence of MMP-9-like molecules in T. cruzi. The presence of a matrix extracellular-degrading enzyme may play a role in the T. cruzi-host cell interaction, making this enzyme a potential target for future drug development against this pathogenic trypanosomatid. |
| PMID: 20138866 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 8. | Exp Parasitol. 2010 Jul;125(3):196-201. Epub 2010 Jan 28.Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) test for detection of Trypanosoma evansi strain B.Njiru ZK, Ouma JO, Enyaru JC, Dargantes AP.Division of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Murdoch University, Education Drive, Mandurah, WA, Australia. Z.njiru@murdoch.edu.au AbstractCamel Trypanosomiasis (Surra) is mainly caused by Trypanosoma evansi strains that express variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) RoTat 1.2. However, in Kenya a second causative strain that does not express RoTat 1.2 VSG (T. evansi type B) has been identified. The prevalence of T. evansi type B largely remains unknown due to inadequate diagnostic assay. This work reports the development of a sensitive and specific diagnostic assay capable of detecting T. evansi type B based on the strategy of Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) of DNA. The test is rapid and amplification is achieved within 20-25min at 63 degrees C using a real time PCR machine. Restriction enzyme AluI digestion of the amplicon gave the predicted 83bp and 89bp sized bands and the LAMP product melt curves showed consistent melting temperature (T(m)) of approximately 89 degrees C. The assay analytical sensitivity is approximately 0.1tryps/ml while that of classical PCR test targeting the same gene is approximately 10tryps/ml. There was a 100% agreement in detection of the LAMP amplification product in real time, gel electrophoresis, on addition of SYBR Green I, and when using chromatographic Lateral Flow Dipstick (LFD) format. The use of the LAMP test revealed nine more T. evansi type B DNA samples that were not initially detected through PCR. The robustness and higher sensitivity of the T. evansi type B LAMP assay coupled with the visual detection of the amplification product indicate that the technique has strong potential as a point-of-use test in surra endemic areas. |
| PMID: 20109454 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 9. | J Biol Chem. 2010 Apr 30;285(18):13388-96. Epub 2010 Jan 27.Trypanosoma cruzi subverts host cell sialylation and may compromise antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses.Freire-de-Lima L, Alisson-Silva F, Carvalho ST, Takiya CM, Rodrigues MM, DosReis GA, Mendonça-Previato L, Previato JO, Todeschini AR.Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AbstractUpon activation, cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes are desialylated exposing beta-galactose residues in a physiological change that enhances their effector activity and that can be monitored on the basis of increased binding of the lectin peanut agglutinin. Herein, we investigated the impact of sialylation mediated by trans-sialidase, a specific and unique Trypanosoma transglycosylase for sialic acid, on CD8(+) T cell response of mice infected with T. cruzi. Our data demonstrate that T. cruzi uses its trans-sialidase enzyme to resialylate the CD8(+) T cell surface, thereby dampening antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell response that might favor its own persistence in the mammalian host. Binding of the monoclonal antibody S7, which recognizes sialic acid-containing epitopes on the 115-kDa isoform of CD43, was augmented on CD8(+) T cells from ST3Gal-I-deficient infected mice, indicating that CD43 is one sialic acid acceptor for trans-sialidase activity on the CD8(+) T cell surface. The cytotoxic activity of antigen-experienced CD8(+) T cells against the immunodominant trans-sialidase synthetic peptide IYNVGQVSI was decreased following active trans-sialidase-mediated resialylation in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of the parasite's native trans-sialidase activity during infection strongly decreased CD8(+) T cell sialylation, reverting it to the glycosylation status expected in the absence of parasite manipulation increasing mouse survival. Taken together, these results demonstrate, for the first time, that T. cruzi subverts sialylation to attenuate CD8(+) T cell interactions with peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I complexes. CD8(+) T cell resialylation may represent a sophisticated strategy to ensure lifetime host parasitism. |
| PMID: 20106975 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 10. | Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Mar;104(3):225-9. Epub 2009 Sep 1.Clinical risk factors for therapeutic failure in kala-azar patients treated with pentavalent antimonials in Nepal.Rijal S, Bhandari S, Koirala S, Singh R, Khanal B, Loutan L, Dujardin JC, Boelaert M, Chappuis F.Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan 056700, Nepal. sumanrijal2@yahoo.com <sumanrijal2@yahoo.com> AbstractDrug-related factors and parasite resistance have been implicated in the failure of pentavalent antimonials (Sb(v)) in the Indian subcontinent; however, little information is available on host-related factors. Parasitologically confirmed kala-azar patients, treatment naïve to Sb(v), were prospectively recruited at a referral hospital in Nepal and were treated under supervision with 30 doses of quality-assured sodium stibogluconate (SSG) 20mg/kg/day and followed for 12 months to assess cure. Analysis of risk factors for treatment failure was assessed in those receiving >or=25 doses and completing 12 months of follow-up. One hundred and ninety-eight cases were treated with SSG and the overall cure rate was 77.3% (153/198). Of the 181 cases who received >or=25 doses, 12-month follow-up data were obtained in 169, comprising 153 patients (90.5%) with definite cure and 16 (9.5%) treatment failures. In the final logistic regression model, increased failure to SSG was significantly associated with fever for >or=12 weeks [odds ratio (OR)=7.4], living in districts bordering the high SSG resistance zone in Bihar (OR=6.1), interruption of treatment (OR=4.3) and ambulatory treatment (OR=10.2). Early diagnosis and supervised treatment is of paramount importance to prevent treatment failures within the control programme. |
| PMID: 19726065 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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