What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Saturday, 2010 Jun 12
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 10 of 10

1.	Nat Protoc. 2010;5(6):1074-80. Epub 2010 May 20. Leishmania parasite detection and quantification using PCR-ELISA. Kobets T, Badalová J, Grekov I, Havelková H, Svobodová M, Lipoldová M. Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic. Abstract This protocol describes an improved and optimized PCR-ELISA method for detection and quantification of Leishmania parasites in host tissues. Unlike other DNA-based assays, this method uses digoxigenin- and biotin-labeled primers. This eliminates the need for a separate step of hybridization of the PCR product with labeled probes. The PCR product is detected using sandwich ELISA with antidigoxigenin-detecting antibodies. Primers are complementary to the kinetoplast minicircle conserved region of parasite DNA, allowing the detection of several Leishmania species. For measurement of a wide range of parasite concentrations, +/-25 cycles were optimal. The sensitivity of this technique is 0.3 fg of parasite DNA per reaction in 40-cycle PCR-ELISA, corresponding to 0.004 parasites. DNA preparation by a standard TRI reagent procedure takes about 4 h. When DNA is prepared, a single person can test a large number of samples (at least 150) in a maximum of 7 h. This method might also be suitable for detecting and quantifying other pathogens, especially for detecting small differences in pathogen numbers.
	PMID: 20539283 [PubMed - in process]
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2.	J Vector Borne Dis. 2010 Jun;47(2):76-84. Commercial coconut palm as an ecotope of Chagas disease vectors in north-eastern Venezuela. Morocoima A, Chique J, Zavala-Jaspe R, Díaz-Bello Z, Ferrer E, Urdaneta-Morales S, Herrera L, Ayres CF. aCentro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oriente, Estado Anzoátegui, Venezuel; Abstract Background & objective: There are few reports of Coccus nucifera (Palmae) infestation by triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae), vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), the causal agent of American Trypanosomiasis. The aim of this study was to determine if this palm is an appropriate ecotope for Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma maculata, the main vectors in Venezuela. Methods: Dry and green leaves, humid debris, interfoliaceus meshes and bracts from C. nucifera from north-eastern Venezuela were examined for the presence of triatomines. Samples of the intestinal content of vectors, macerated in isotonic saline solution and haemolymph were examined microscopically for the presence of Trypanosoma spp. The parasites were isolated and characterized using biological parameters and PCR. Triatomine blood meal sources were determined using ELISA. Results: A total of 14 palms were examined in which viable eggs of both species of vectors were found in 13 palms (92.85%). A total of 242 R. prolixus and 144 T. maculata adults were collected, of which 98% of R. prolixus and 70% of T. maculata individuals were infected by T. cruzi (TcI genotype) and 13% of R. prolixus individuals showed a mixed infection with T. rangeli, the other American trypanosome. ELISA testing for possible triatomine blood-meal sources revealed that these vectors are essentially eurytrophic and zoophilic, although R. prolixus also eventually used human blood as a nourishment source. Interpretation & conclusion: The results obtained suggest that C. nucifera is an appropriate vegetal niche for these triatomine species in Venezuela. The presence of this commercial palm may represent a useful environmental bioindicator of risk for Chagas disease.
	PMID: 20539044 [PubMed - in process]
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3.	Trends Parasitol. 2010 Jun 8. [Epub ahead of print] Collaborative actions in anti-trypanosomati d chemotherapy with partners from disease endemic areas. Dujardin JC, González-Pacanowska D, Croft SL, Olesen OF, Späth GF. Molecular Parasitology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerpen, Belgium; The KALADRUG-R consortium, http://www.leishrisk.net/kaladrug. Abstract The protozoan diseases leishmaniasis, human African trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease are responsible for substantial global morbidity, mortality and economic adversity in tropical and subtropical regions. In most countries, existing strategies for control and treatment are either failing or under serious threat. Environmental changes, drug resistance and immunosuppression contribute to the emergence and spread of these diseases. In the absence of safe and efficient vaccines, chemotherapy, together with vector control, remains the most important measures to control trypanosomatid diseases. Here, we review current limitations of anti-trypanosomatid chemotherapy and describe new efforts to safeguard existing treatments and to identify novel drug leads through the three multinational and interdisciplinary European Union Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development (FP7) funded consortia KALADRUG-R, TRYPOBASE, and LEISHDRUG. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 20538522 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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4.	Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Jun 8. [Epub ahead of print] A prospective study on the dynamics of the clinical and immunological evolution of human Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi infection in the Brazilian Amazon region. Silveira FT, Lainson R, Crescente JA, de Souza AA, Campos MB, Gomes CM, Laurenti MD, Corbett CE. Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Avenida Almirante Barroso, 492, 66090-000, Belém, PA, Brazil; Tropical Medicine Institute, Pará Federal University, Belém, PA, Brazil. Abstract This prospective study was carried out from October 2003 to December 2005 and involved a cohort of 946 individuals of both genders, aged 1-89 years, from an endemic area for American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), in Pará State, Brazil. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the clinical and immunological evolution of human Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi infection represented by the following clinical-immunological profiles: asymptomatic infection (AI); symptomatic infection (SI=AVL); subclinical oligosymptomatic infection (SOI); subclinical resistant infection (SRI); and indeterminate initial infection (III). Infection diagnosis was determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test and leishmanin skin test. In total, 231 cases of infection were diagnosed: the AI profile was the most frequent (73.2%), followed by SRI (12.1%), III (9.9%), SI (2.6%) and SOI (2.2%). The major conclusion regarding evolution dynamics was that the III profile plays a pivotal role from which the cases evolve to either the resistant, SRI and AI, or susceptible, SOI and SI, profiles; only one of the 23 III cases evolved to SI, while most evolved to either SRI (nine cases) or SOI (five cases) and eight cases remained as III. Copyright © 2010 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 20538310 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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5.	J Laryngol Otol. 2010 Jun 11:1-5. [Epub ahead of print] Risk factors associated with dizziness during treatment of m ucosal leishmaniasis with meglumine antimoniate: 16-year retrospective study of cases from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Araujo-Melo MH, Meneses AM, Schubach AO, Moreira JS, Conceição-Silva F, Salgueiro MM, Pimentel MI, Araújo-Silva M, Oliveira RV, Carmo CN, Valete-Rosalino CM. Laboratory Surveillance Leishmaniasis, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Brazil. Abstract Objective:To evaluate dizziness in patients receiving meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis.Materials and methods:We retrospectively studied 127 patients treated at the Laboratory of Leishmaniasis Surveillance, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 1 January 1989 and 31 December 2004.Results:A low dose of meglumine antimoniate (5 mg/kg/day) was used in 86.6 per cent of patients; a dose of 10 mg/kg/day or higher was used in 13.4 per cent of patients. Dizziness was reported by 4.7 per cent of patients. The adjusted odds ratios were 7.37 for dizziness in female patients, 4.9 for dizziness in patients aged 60 years or older, and 7.77 for dizziness in the presence of elevated serum lipase.Conclusion:We suggest that dizziness may be a side effect of meglumine antimoniate, particularly in elderly individuals, in females and in patients with elevated serum lipase.
	PMID: 20537206 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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6.	Transbound Emerg Dis. 2010 Apr;57(1-2):37-41. Multilocus Microsatellite Polymorphism Analysis to Characterize Leishmania infantum Strains Isolated in Sicily. Reale S, Lupo T, Migliazzo A, Di Mauro C, Ciprì V, Calderone S, Manna L, Vitale F. Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi, Palermo, Italy. Abstract Different approaches are being developed to improve the differentiation of Leishmania genus using biochemical and molecular methods. In this study, 11 independent polymorphic microsatellites were used for the typing of strains of L. infantum isolated in Sicily. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify the microsatellites contained in 12 DNA regions selected from among more investigated loci. A total of 51 isolates of L. infantum from dogs were tested by using the same locus panel. The products were successively analysed using an automatic sequence detector (ABI PRISM 3130 AB), to discover relevant microsatellite polymorphisms. It was possible to discriminate between MON-1 and non-MON-1 groups. Moreover, the method permitted to distinguish various genotypes of L. infantum isolates within each zymodema. Model- and distance-based analyses of the data set showed comparable results. The frequency of heterozygosity in the alleles analysed varied extremely between the different groups of isolates. As the method exhibits a high level of discrimination, it is suitable for characterization of closely related strains in epidemiological studies.
	PMID: 20537100 [PubMed - in process]
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7.	J Travel Med. 2010 May 1;17(3):212-4. Lingual leishmaniasis complicating visceral disease. Mazumder SA, Pandey S, Brewer SC, Baselski VS, Weina PJ, Land MA, Fleckenstein JM. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA. Abstract Leishmania species are obligate intracellular parasites transmitted by various types of female sand flies. The clinical syndrome that results depends on a number of factors including the Leishmania species and immune response of the host. Here, we report successful treatment of lingual leishmaniasis complicating visceral disease in an immunocompetent patient.
	PMID: 20536896 [PubMed - in process]
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8.	J Dermatol. 2010 Jun;37(6):565-567. A case of cutaneous leishmaniasis presenting as facial cellulitis. Ceyhan AM, Basak PY, Yildirim M, Akkaya VB. Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
	PMID: 20536675 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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9.	Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2010 Jul;14(7):739-57. Glycobiology of the Leishmania parasite and emerging targets for antileishmanial drug discovery. Chandra S, Ruhela D, Deb A, Vishwakarma RA. National Institute of Immunology, Bio-organic Chemistry Lab, JNU Complex, New Delhi 110067, India ram@nii.res.in. Abstract Importance of the field: Parasitic diseases that pose a threat to human life include leishmaniasis - caused by protozoa of Leishmania species. Existing drugs have limitations due to deleterious side effects like teratogenicity and factors like cost and drug resistance, thus furthering the need to develop this area of research. Areas covered in this review: We came across drug targets, very recently characterised, cloned and validated by genomics and bioinformatics. We bring these promising drug targets into focus so that they can be explored to their fullest. What the reader will gain: In an effort to bridge the gaps between existing knowledge and future prospects of drug discovery, we found interesting studies validating drug targets and paving the way for better experiments to be designed. In a few cases, novel pathways have been characterized, while in others, well established pathways when probed further, led to the discovery of new drug targets. Take home message: The review constitutes a comprehensive report on upcoming drug targets, with emphasis on glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoconjugates along with related biochemistry of enolase, glycosome and purine salvage pathways, as we strive to bring ourselves a step closer to being able to combat this deadly disease.
	PMID: 20536412 [PubMed - in process]
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10.	Dev Comp Immunol. 2010 Apr;34(4):396-405. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Trypanosoma carassii calreticulin binds host complement component C1q and inhibits classical complement pathway-mediated lysis. Oladiran A, Belosevic M. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Abstract Trypanosoma carassii is an extracellular parasite of economically important fish species that has evolved several strategies to circumvent host immune responses. Proteomic analysis of the excreted/secreted (ES) and surface molecules of the parasite has revealed a number of proteins that may be involved in host-parasite interactions. Among the parasite molecules identified in the ES of T. carassii was calreticulin. We cloned and produced T. carassii calreticulin (rTcaCRT), and generated a rabbit polyclonal antibody to the recombinant protein. The incubation of parasites with rabbit anti-rTcaCRT affinity-purified IgG antibody indicated substantial CRT levels on the surface of trypanosomes, as well as internal structures of permeabilized organisms. Recombinant parasite calreticulin bound several molecules in host serum including the first complement component, C1q. The host C1q specifically interacted with parasite CRT since the C1q-dependent lysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes was inhibited by rTcaCRT. Our findings suggest that CRT may be used by the parasite to inhibit hosts' classical complement pathway.
	PMID: 19913050 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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