What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Saturday, 2010 Jun 19
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 6 of 6

1.	PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Jun 15;4(6):e712. Immunity to Lutzomyia intermedia Saliva Modulates the Inflammatory Environment Induced by Leishmania braziliensis. de Moura TR, Oliveira F, Rodrigues GC, Carneiro MW, Fukutani KF, Novais FO, Miranda JC, Barral-Netto M, Brodskyn C, Barral A, de Oliveira CI. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil. Abstract BACKGROUND: During blood feeding, sand flies inject Leishmania parasites in the presence of saliva. The types and functions of cells present at the first host-parasite contact are critical to the outcome on infection and sand fly saliva has been shown to play an important role in this setting. Herein, we investigated the in vivo chemotactic effects of Lutzomyia intermedia saliva, the vector of Leishmania braziliensis, combined or not with the parasite. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We tested the initial response induced by Lutzomyia intermedia salivary gland sonicate (SGS) in BALB/c mice employing the air pouch model of inflammation. L. intermedia SGS induced a rapid influx of macrophages and neutrophils. In mice that were pre-sensitized with L. intermedia saliva, injection of SGS was associated with increased neutrophil recruitment and a significant up-regulation of CXCL1, CCL2, CCL4 and TNF-alpha expression. Surprisingly, in mice that were pre-exposed to SGS, a combination of SGS and L. braziliensis induced a significant migration of neutrophils and an important modulation in cytokine and chemokine expression as shown by decreased CXCL10 expression and increased IL-10 expression. CONCLUSION: These results confirm that sand fly saliva modulates the initial host response. More importantly, pre-exposure to L. intermedia saliva significantly modifies the host's response to L. braziliensis, in terms of cellular recruitment and expression of cytokines and chemokines. This particular immune modulation may, in turn, favor parasite multiplication.
	PMID: 20559550 [PubMed - in process]
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2.	Vaccine. 2010 Jun 14. [Epub ahead of print] Repeated inoculation of killed Leishmania major induces durable immune response that protects mice against virulent challenge. Okwor I, Kuriakose S, Uzonna J. Department of Immunology, Parasite Vaccine Development Laboratory, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0T5. Abstract It is widely believed that persistence of live parasites at the primary site of infection is important for maintenance of anti-Leishmania immunity. However, whether this immunity requires only the presence of antigen and not necessarily live replicating parasites has not been investigated. To determine whether non-replicating antigens could induce and maintain anti-Leishmania immunity, we inoculated naïve mice with killed parasites (once or 5 times weekly) either alone or in combination with rIL-12 and challenged them with virulent Leishmania major parasites at different times after inoculation. We found that similar to mice that recovered from virulent live L. major infection, mice inoculated repeatedly with killed parasites were protected against virulent L. major challenge. The protection obtained following 5 weekly inoculations of killed parasites was associated with strong antigen-specific IFN-gamma production by cells from the lymph nodes draining the inoculation site. In contrast, mice that received a single or double inoculation of killed parasites either alone or followed with repeated rIL-12 injection were not protected. Repeated antigen inoculation resulted in increased numbers of the IFN-gamma-secreting CD44(+)CD62L(-) T cells that were comparable in magnitude to that seen in mice with persistent infections. Overall, these results suggest that it is possible to generate and maintain anti-Leishmania immunity for a relatively long period of time in the absence of live replicating parasites. However, a certain threshold of effector cells has to be generated in order to achieve this protection. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
	PMID: 20558242 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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3.	Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2010 Jun 14. [Epub ahead of print] Glycotyping of Trypanosoma brucei Variant Surface Glycoprotein MITat1.8. Mehlert A, Sullivan L, Ferguson MA. Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH. Abstract Following a switch from variant surface glycoprotein MITat1.4 to variant surface glycoprotein MITat1.8 expression by Lister strain 427 Trypanosoma brucei brucei parasites, the latter uncharacterized variant surface glycoprotein was analysed. Variant surface glycoprotein MITat1.8 was found to be a disulphide-linked homodimer, containing a complex N-linked glycan at Asn58 and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchor attached to Asp419. Mass spectrometric analyses demonstrated that the N-glycan is exclusively Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-3(Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-6)Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4GlcNAc and that the conserved Man(3)GlcN-myo-inositol glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor glycan core is substituted with an average of 4 hexose, most likely galactose, residues. The presence of a complex N-glycan at Asn58 is consistent with the relatively acidic environment of the Asn58 N-glycosylation sequon, that predicts N-glycosylation by T.brucei oligosaccharyltransferase TbSTT3A with a Man(5)GlcNAc(2) structure destined for processing to a paucimannose and/or complex N-glycan (IzquierdoL, Schulz B, Rodrigues JA, Guther MLS, Procter JB, Barton JB, Aebi M, Ferguson MAJ (2009) EMBO J 28: 2650-2661). Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V.
	PMID: 20558211 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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4.	Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 May 25. [Epub ahead of print] 7',8'-Dihydroobolactone, a typanocidal alpha-pyrone from the rainforest tree Cryptocarya obovata. Davis RA, Demirkiran O, Sykes ML, Avery VM, Suraweera L, Fechner GA, Quinn RJ. Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia. Abstract Mass-directed isolation of the CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH extract from the leaves of Cryptocarya obovata resulted in the purification of a new trypanocidal alpha-pyrone, 7',8'-dihydroobolactone (1). The chemical structure of 1 was determined by 1D/2D NMR, MS and CD data analysis. 7',8'-Dihydroobolactone was shown to inhibit Trypanosoma brucei brucei with an IC(50) of 2.8muM. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
	PMID: 20558060 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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5.	J Parasitol. 2010 Jun;96(3):509-15. Differences in the antigenic profile and infectivity of murine macrophages of leishmania (viannia) parasites. Matta NE, Cysne-Finkelstein L, Machado GM, Da-Cruz AM, Leon L. Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia nemattac@unal.edu.co. Abstract Abstract The antigenic profile and infectivity were compared between 3 recent Leishmania (Viannia) isolates from the Amazonian region (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia [INPA] strains) and 3 World Health Organization (WHO) reference species ( Leishmania guyanensis , Leishmania braziliensis , and Leishmania naiffi ). Differences were observed in the peak and extent of promastigote growth. The WHO reference strains exhibited significantly higher exponential growth as promastigotes than INPA strains. In the immunoblot analyses, the INPA strains revealed several specific peptide fragments, as well as the greatest recognition frequencies by sera from Leishmania sp.-infected patients; among the latter, antigens derived from L. naiffi were the most frequently recognized. In vitro infection was carried out using mice peritoneal macrophages; all strains were able to enter the macrophages, but only L. amazonensis was able to reproduce. A striking observation was that L. naiffi exhibited the longest survival time inside the macrophages. Our data strongly suggest the application of recently isolated parasites as sources of antigen for diagnosis procedures. Moreover, L. naiffi species possesses several characteristics relevant for its use as a source of novel antigens to be explored in the design of diagnostic tools and vaccines.
	PMID: 20557195 [PubMed - in process]
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6.	J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2010 May;63(5):275-7. Epub 2010 Apr 9. In vitro and in vivo antiprotozoal activities of bispolides and their derivatives. Otoguro K, Iwatsuki M, Ishiyama A, Namatame M, Nishihara-Tsukashima A, Sato S, Hatsu M, Iinuma H, Shibahara S, Nimura S, Kondo S, Yamada H, Omura S.
	PMID: 20379214 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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