What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Saturday, 2010 Jul 17
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 4 of 4

1.	Trends Parasitol. 2010 Jul 13. [Epub ahead of print] The leishmaniasis e-compendium: a geo-referenced bibliographic tool. Hendrickx D, Dujardin JC, Pickering J, Alvar J. Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat, 155 B-2000 Antwerpen, Belgium.
	PMID: 20634139 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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2.	Infect Genet Evol. 2010 Jul 12. [Epub ahead of print] Detection of Leptomonas sp. parasites in clinical isolates of Kala-azar patients from India. Srivastava P, Prajapati VK, Vanaerschot M, Van der Auwera G, Dujardin JC, Sundar S. Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India. Abstract We report here nine unusual cases of Kala-azar, of which parasites were isolated and found by 18S rRNA gene sequencing to be most similar to Leptomonas species. One of these isolates was used to inoculate Balb/c mice; organs were collected and directly submitted to a genus-specific rDNA-ITS1 PCR analysis: this revealed the presence of both Leptomonas sp. and Leishmania donovani. Therefore, we conclude that there was a mixed infection of Leptomonassp. and L. donovani in this isolate. We consider that mixed infection may be present in the patients themselves, Leptomonas persisting in them because of the immuno-suppression associated with Kala-azar. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V.
	PMID: 20633704 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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3.	BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Jul 15;10(1):209. [Epub ahead of print] Resistance of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis to nitric oxide: correlation with antimony therapy and TNF-alpha production.Souza AS, Giudice A, Pereira JM, Guimaraes LH, de Jesus AR, de Moura TR, Wilson ME, Carvalho EM, Almeida RP. Abstract ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO.) produced in macrophages plays a pivotal role as a leishmanicidal agent. A previous study has demonstrated that 20% of the L. (V.) braziliensis isolated from initial cutaneous lesions of patients from the endemic area of Corte de Pedra, Bahia, Brazil, were NO. resistant. Additionally, 5 to 11% of the patients did not respond to three or more antimony treatments (refractory patients). The aim of this study is to investigate if there is an association between the resistance of L. (V.) braziliensis to NO. and nonresponsiveness to antimony therapy and cytokine production. METHODS: We evaluated the in vitro toxicity of NO. against the promastigotes stages of L. (V.) braziliensis isolated from responsive and refractory patients, and the infectivity of the amastigote forms of these isolates against human macrophages. The supernatants from Leishmania infected macrophage were used to measure TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels. RESULTS: Using NaNO2 (pH 5.0) as the NO. source, L. (V.) braziliensis isolated from refractory patients were more NO. resistant (IC50 = 5.8 +/- 4.8) than L. (V.) braziliensis isolated from responsive patients (IC50 = 2.0 +/- 1.4). Four isolates were selected to infect human macrophages: NO.-susceptible and NO.-resistant L. (V.) braziliensis isolated from responsive and refractory patients. NO.-resistant L. (V.) braziliensis isolated from refractory patients infected more macrophages stimulated with LPS and IFN-gamma at 120 hours than NO.-susceptible L. (V.) braziliensis isolated from refractory patients. Also, lower levels of TNF-alpha were detected in supernatants of macrophages infected with NO.-resistant L. (V.) braziliensis as compared to macrophages infected with NO.-susceptible L. (V.) braziliensis (p < 0.05 at 2, 24 and 120 hours), while no differences were detected in IL-10 levels. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that NO. resistance could be related to the nonresponsiveness to antimony therapy seen in American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis.
	PMID: 20633260 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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4.	Med Vet Entomol. 2010 Jul 13. [Epub ahead of print] Morphometric and molecular differentiation of Phlebotomus phlebotomu s sandflies. Khalid N, Elnaiem D, Aboud M, Al Rabba F, Tripet F. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. Abstract The closely related sandfly species of the subgenus Phlebotomus phlebotomus, namely, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786), Phlebotomus duboscqi (Neveu-Lemair, 1906) and Phlebotomus bergeroti (Parrot, 1934) (Diptera: Psychodidae), are major vectors of Leishmania major (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World. Although allopatric in most of their distribution, the three species exist sympatrically in many places in central and eastern Sudan. Males of the three species can be distinguished using morphological characters; however, females are much harder to identify, thus complicating epidemiological studies. We carried out a morphometric and a molecular study to determine reliable morphological features and develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for distinguishing females of these species. Males and females from each species were collected from sites in Sudan, East Africa and from one site in Mali, West Africa. Males were analysed morphologically and 20 characters and 10 character ratios were used in a stepwise discriminant analysis. This led to the identification of four characters with high discriminant loading scores sufficient for accurate male species identification. Male DNA was then used for the development of a PCR-based species diagnostic based on the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA. A set of four primers was developed to generate fragment sizes that are specific to each species and can reliably identify females as well as hybrid DNA. Both the morphometric and the molecular findings of this study have important applications for studies of the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
	PMID: 20633225 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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