What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Thursday, 2010 Jul 29
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 5 of 5

1.	Planta Med. 2010 Jul 21. [Epub ahead of print] Leishmanicidal and Reversal Multidrug Resistance Constituents from Aeonium lindleyi. Kennedy ML, Cortés F, Piñero JE, Castanys S, López-Arencibia A, Gamarro F, Bazzocchi IL, Jiménez IA. Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Abstract A new bicyclic diterpene with a labdane skeleton, 7-oxo-labd-8-en-15-ol ( 1), along with two known diterpenes and ten flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of AEONIUM LINDLEYI (Crassulaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and comparison with spectroscopic data reported in the literature. Labdan-8 alpha,15-diol ( 2) and labd-8(17)-en-3 beta,15-diol ( 3) showed leishmanicidal activity against LEISHMANIA TROPICA (IC (50) = 77.0 microM) and LEISHMANIA BRAZILIENSIS (IC (50) = 68.0 microM) similar to ketoconazole used as positive control. 5,3'-Dihydroxy-3,7,4',5'-tetramethoxyflavone ( 8) and combretol ( 9) showed moderate activity (growth inhibition 87.3 and 73.0 %, respectively, at 50 microM) against a multidrug-resistant L. TROPICA line. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
	PMID: 20665372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2.	Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat. 2010 Juk;19(2):41-3. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: A case report. Marovt M, Kokol R, Stanimirović A, Miljković J. Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre, Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, Maribor, Slovenia. Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sand fly bites. Old World leishmaniasis is endemic in the Mediterranean Sea and the neighbouring countries. We present a case of a 10-year-old boy with a cutaneous leishmaniasis in form of papules on the nose, right and left lower leg. Histopathological examination showed diffuse dermal infiltrate predominantly of macrophages with admixture of few lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells. In most of macrophages amastigotes were seen. Because of higher rate of travel and work abroad increased number of sporadic cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in non-endemic areas should be taken into account.
	PMID: 20664921 [PubMed - in process]

3.	J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Jul 27. [Epub ahead of print] Clinical Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Antimony in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Treated With Sodium Stibogluconate. Zaghloul IY, Radwan MA, Al Jaser MH, Al Issa R. King Saud University. Abstract The efficacy and pharmacokinetics of antimony were explored in 12 young male patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis following intramuscular administration of sodium stibogluconate equivalent to 600 mg of antimony (Sb). Patients' cure rate was evaluated up to 6 weeks after treatment. Blood samples were collected at different time periods on the first and last days of a 3-week treatment. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were also collected on both occasions for the estimation of renal clearance (CLr). The blood concentrations of the Sb time profile were best described by a 2-compartment model with a first-order absorption rate. The mean absorption half-life was 0.21 +/- 0.023 and 0.36 +/- 0.18 hours for the first and last doses, respectively. A rapid distribution phase was followed by a slower elimination phase of a half-life of 9.4 +/- 1.9 and 9.69 +/- 2.3 hours for both days, respectively. An accumulation index of 2.33 was calculated. The fraction of dose excreted in urine was 0.386 +/- 0.11 and 0.326 +/- 0.05 on both occasions, respectively. The mean CLr was 4.88 +/- 1.13 and 4.58 +/- 1.05 L/h. In the current study, all of the patients were completely healed by week 6 after the end of treatment, as judged by the treating physician. In conclusion, the blood profile of antimony seems to be multicompartmental in nature.
	PMID: 20663995 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

4.	Parasitology. 2010 Jul 21:1-9. [Epub ahead of print] A spectrum of disease in Human African trypanosomiasis: the host and parasite genetics of virulence. Sternberg JM, Maclean L. Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK. Abstract SUMMARYFor over 50 years it has been known that there are considerable differences in the severity and rate of progression of both Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense infection between individuals. Yet research into the factors, whether parasite or host, which control virulence in Human African trypanosomiasis is in its infancy. In this paper we review the clinical evidence for virulence variation and the epidemiological and experimental data that give clues as to the mechanisms involved. Evidence will be presented for both asymptomatic forms of T. b. gambiense infection and low virulence forms of T. b. rhodesiense infection in humans. While in both cases the mechanisms remain to be elucidated, the overall infection virulence phenotype is determined by both parasite and host genotype.
	PMID: 20663245 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

5.	J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010 Aug;62(8):1037-44. Biological activity of the essential oil of Kadsura longipedunculata (Schisandraceae) and its major components. Mulyaningsih S, Youns M, El-Readi MZ, Ashour ML, Nibret E, Sporer F, Herrmann F, Reichling J, Wink M. Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University. Abstract Objectives The aim was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of Kadsura longipedunculata and the biological activity of the oil and its major components. Methods The essential oil from stem bark of Kadsura longipedunculata was analysed by capillary gas chromatography (GLC/FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC/MS). The ability of the oil to reduce diphenylpicrylhydrazine (DPPH(*)) was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Inhibition of both lipoxygenase and prostaglandin E(2) was used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity. Antimicrobial activity was studied in vitro against a range of bacteria and fungi using diffusion and microdilution methods. Inhibition of trypanosome proliferation was assessed using resazurin as vital stain. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil on six human cancer cell lines (HepG2, MIA PaCa-2, HeLa, HL-60, MDA-MB-231 and SW-480) was examined using the MTT assay. Key findings Fifty compounds, representing 97.63% of total oil, were identified. delta-Cadinene (21.79%), camphene (7.27%), borneol (6.05%), cubenol (5.12%) and delta-cadinol (5.11%) were found to be the major components of the oil. The oil exerted a good antimicrobial activity against all Gram-positive bacteria tested, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Streptococcus pyogenes and S. agalactiae were the most sensitive bacteria with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 60 microg/ml oil. The essential oil showed a moderate fungicidal activity against yeasts, but it did not show any activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil showed a good trypanocidal activity in Trypanosoma b. brucei with an IC50 value of 50.52 +/- 0.029 microg/ml. Radical scavenging activity had an IC50 value of 3.06 +/- 0.79 mg/ml. 5-Lipoxygenase inhibition (IC50 = 38.58 microg/ml) and prostaglandin E(2) production inhibition (28.82% at 25 microg/ml) accounted for anti-inflammatory activity of the oil. The oil exhibited some degree of cytotoxic activity against MIA PaCa-2, HepG-2 and SW-480 cell lines with IC50 values of 133.53, 136.96 and 136.62 microg/ml, respectively. The oil increased caspase 3/7 activity (an indicator of apoptosis) 2.5-4 fold in MIA Paca-2 cells. Camphene and borneol did not show antioxidant activity. However, both compounds exhibited some degree of antimicrobial, trypanocidal, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity. Conclusions This investigation provided evidence for, and confirmed the efficacy of, K. longipedunculata, a traditionally used Chinese medicinal plant for the treatment of inflammation and infection.
	PMID: 20663038 [PubMed - in process]