What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Friday, 2010 Aug 27
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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1.	Vet Parasitol. 2010 Jul 22. [Epub ahead of print] The impact of dietary protein on the pathophysiology of porcine trypanosome infection. Nnadi PA, Ezeh IO, Kalu KC, Ngene AA. Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. Abstract The influence of protein nutrition on porcine trypanosomosis was investigated in this study. Thirty six landrace/large white cross weanling pigs were used. Upon purchase, these were divided into two groups of 18 pigs each and these were housed separately to enable them adapt to our animal house management regimen. Post-adaptation, the pigs were divided into 6 groups A(1) and A(2), B(1), and B(2), and C(1) and C(2) (n=6). A(1) and A(2) were fed diet A(1), B(1) and B(2) diet B while C(1) and C(2) were fed diet C with 28%, 20% and 16% crude protein, respectively. Two-week post-adaptation groups A(1), B(1), and C(1) were infected with 3x10(6)Trypanosoma brucei brucei organisms intraperitoneally. Body weight, temperature and Packed Cell Volume of all group members were determined a week prior to infection, on the day of infection and weekly thereafter till end of the study. Serum biochemistry was also concurrently determined. Three days post-infection, blood was collected from all the members of A(1), B(1) and C(1) and thoroughly screened microscopically for the presence of trypanosome organisms. This was repeated on subsequent days till all the infected animals developed patency by showing parasitaemia under wet mount. The result of this study showed that infection did not have any significant effect on the rate of weight gain except in group C (p</=0.05). Moreover, infections caused significant hyperthermia in all the infection groups (p</=0.05) with diet A showing the least response and C the most severe. Furthermore, diet did not have any effect on parasite establishment or parasitaemia as the prepatent period was similar in all the infection groups. There was also significant reduction in PCV whose severity also correlated with reduction in the protein dietary quality. Similar observation was also made on the total serum protein where significant hyperproteinaemia correlated with increasing dietary protein and the uninfected controls having higher serum protein relative to the infected. There was in addition parasite induced hypoalbuminaemia whose severity was also graduated in favour of increasing protein level. The study demonstrated the protective influence of dietary protein on some of the pathophysiological features of porcine trypanosomosis.
	PMID: 20739126 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2.	Biomedica. 2009 Sep;29(3):448-55. In vitro susceptibility of Trypanosoma cruzi strains from Santander, Colombia, to hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine), nifurtimox and benznidazole. Luna KP, Hernández IP, Rueda CM, Zorro MM, Croft SL, Escobar P. Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia. Abstract INTRODUCTION: The current chemotherapy for Chagas disease is unsatisfactory with only two drugs available for treatment. Research to discover new drugs for Chagas disease is urgent. Hexadecyl-phosphocholine (HPC, miltefosine) has been demonstrated to have in vitro activity against Trypanosoma cruzi parasites, but its activity on different Colombian T. cruzi strains is not known. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of T. cruzi strains isolated from humans and vectors in Santander, Colombia. to miltefosine, nifurtimox and benznidazole. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight T. cruzi Colombian strains and three reference strains (Esmeraldo, SilvioX10 and Y) were studied. Drug activities against extracellular epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes were determined by microscopic counting. The results were expressed as the concentrations that inhibited 50% and 90% growth (IC50 and IC90). RESULTS: For miltefosine a similar range of drug activity was observed against all the Colombian strains, all parasites being more susceptible to miltefosine than to the reference drugs. The intracellular amastigotes were more susceptible to miltefosine (IC50 0.08 to 0.63 microM and IC90 0.21 to 2.21 microM) than extracellular forms (IC50 <0.92 to 2.29 microM and IC90 1.38 to 4.76 microM). For reference drugs, parasites were more susceptible to nifurtimox than to benznidazole and some differences in activity of benznidazole between T. cruzi strains was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the significant in vitro activity of miltefosine against T. cruzi stages, and the expected results for the reference drugs. Further in vivo studies with miltefosine are planned. Free Article
	PMID: 20436996 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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3.	Vet Parasitol. 2010 May 28;170(1-2):104-11. Epub 2010 Jan 28. Alighting and feeding behaviour of tabanid flies on hor ses, kangaroos and pigs. Muzari MO, Skerratt LF, Jones RE, Duran TL. School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Qld 4811, Australia. Odwell.Muzari@jcu.edu.au Abstract Successful mechanical transmission of surra between animals by tabanid flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) depends to a large extent on the blood-feeding behaviour of the tabanid species prevalent in the area. We studied tabanid-host interactions in Australia to better predict risk of surra transmission and design intervention strategies. At least six tabanid species were observed alighting on horses, pigs and kangaroos, but the most abundant were Tabanus pallipennis Macquart, Pseudotabanus silvester Bergroth and T. townsvilli Ricardo. The behaviour of tabanids in terms of landing location on the host body, duration of feeding and the proportion completing the blood-meal varied with fly species and host species. The findings predict that some species of tabanid such as T. pallipennis should be better vectors and some species of host such as pigs should be better reservoirs of surra based on the inability of flies to feed to repletion and longer feeding durations. This will result in multiple feeds and increased risk of exposure to the infectious agent, respectively, which increases the risk of transmission. Insecticide treatments should target preferred feeding sites on the host's body.
	PMID: 20153116 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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