What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Thursday, 2010 Sep 16
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 5 of 5

1.	Parasitol Res. 2010 Sep 15. [Epub ahead of print] GC-MS analysis and antileishmanial activities of two Turkish propolis types. Duran N, Muz M, Culha G, Duran G, Ozer B. Medical Faculty, Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey, nizamduran@hotmail.com. Abstract Propolis is a honeybee product with a very complex chemical composition and various pharmacological properties. This study was aimed to investigate antileishmanial activities of "Bursa" and "Hatay" propolis samples against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica strains. Propolis samples were analysed with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Promastigotes were incubated in Roswell Park Memorial Institute culture medium in the absence and presence of several concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 μg/mL) of each propolis sample. The viability and cell morphology of promastigotes in each concentration were examined after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation. The growth of leishmania parasites was significantly suppressed in the presence of 500, 750, and 1,000 μg/mL of Hatay propolis. Bursa propolis was found to be efficient in inhibiting the growth of leishmania promastigotes in culture media at these concentrations, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 μg/mL. Thus, the in vitro results showed that the Hatay and Bursa propolis samples decreased significantly the proliferation of L. infantum and L. tropica parasites (p < 0.001); however, Bursa propolis was found to be more effective than Hatay propolis against leishmania promastigotes. These two natural products may be useful agents in the prevention of leishmanial infections.
	PMID: 20842509 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2.	ScientificWorldJournal. 2010 Sep 1;10:1723-1730. Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Antileishmanial Activity of N,N'-Disubstituted Ethylenediamine and Imidazolidine Derivatives. de Carvalho GS, Machado PA, de Paula DT, Coimbra ES, da Silva AD. Abstract This paper describes the preparation of N,N'-disubstituted ethylenediamine and imidazolidine derivatives and their in vitro biological activities against Leishmania species. Of the nine synthesized compounds, five displayed a good activity in both L. amazonensis and L. major promastigotes. The compounds 1,2-Bis(p-methoxybenzyl) ethylenediamine (4) and 1,3-Bis(p-methoxybenzyl)imidazolidines (5) showed the best activity on intracellular amastigotes, with IC50 values of 2.0 and 9.4 microgram/mL, respectively. In addition, none of compounds were cytotoxic against mammalian cells. The leishmanicidal activity can be related with inhibition of polyamine synthesis and cellular penetration within biological membranes.
	PMID: 20842318 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

3.	Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Oct;70(4):609-617. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03716.x. Proteome mapping of overexpressed membrane-enriched and cytosolic proteins in sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) resistant clinical isolate of Leishmania donovani. Kumar A, Sisodia B, Misra P, Sundar S, Shasany AK, Dube A. Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, Lucknow Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Abstract WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Over 60% of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India and Sudan have become unresponsive to treatment with pentavalent antimonials, the first line of drugs for over 60 years. The drug resistance mechanism, studied so far in in vitro selected laboratory strains, has been attributed to various biochemical parameters. The resistance to Sb (V) in Leishmania field isolates is still unexplored. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS In order to elucidate for the first time the mechanism of drug resistance in field isolates, this study was done in those clinically relevant field isolates which were either responsive or non responsive to SAG. A comparison of proteome profiles of membrane-enriched as well as cytosolic protein fractions of these isolates has pinpointed the multiple overexpressed proteins in resistant isolates. This study has indicated their possible essential role in antimony resistance of the parasite and provides a vast field to be exploited to find much needed novel treatment strategies against VL. AIMS: This study aimed to identify differentially overexpressed membrane-enriched as well as cytosolic proteins in SAG sensitive and resistant clinical strains of L. donovani isolated from VL patients which are involved in the drug resistance mechanism. METHODS: The proteins in the membrane-enriched as well as cytosolic fractions of drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant clinical isolates were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and overexpressed identified protein spots of interest were excised and analysed using MALDI-TOF/TOF. RESULTS: Six out of 12 overexpressed proteins were identified in the membrane-enriched fraction of the SAG resistant strain of L. donovani whereas 14 out of 18 spots were identified in the cytosolic fraction as compared with the SAG sensitive strain. The major proteins in the membrane-enriched fraction were ABC transporter, HSP-83, GPI protein transamidase, cysteine-leucine rich protein and 60S ribosomal protein L23a whereas in the cytosolic fraction proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), proteasome alpha 5 subunit, carboxypeptidase, HSP-70, enolase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, tubulin-beta chain have been identified. Most of these proteins have been reported as potential drug targets, except 60S ribosomal protein L23a and PCNA which have not been reported to date for their possible involvement in drug resistance against VL. CONCLUSION: This study for the first time provided a cumulative proteomic analysis of proteins overexpressed in drug resistant clinical isolates of L. donovani indicating their possible role in antimony resistance of the parasite. Identified proteins provide a vast field to be exploited for novel treatment strategies against VL such as cloning and overexpression of these targets to produce recombinant therapeutic/prophylactic proteins.
	PMID: 20840452 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

4.	J Indian Med Assoc. 2010 Jan;108(1):27-8. Amphotericin B--fat emulsion in treatment of visceral leishmaniasis- -a cost effective substitute for liposomal amphotericin B. Singh GP, Saxena RK, Priyadarshy V. Department of Medicine, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna. Abstract In spite of high dosage and prolonged treatment schedule of sodium antimony gluconate, unresponsiveness and relapse ranging from 25 to 40% has been reported. The cure rate of 90 to 92.9% with amphotericin B-fat emulsion is comparable to that with liposomal amphotericin B (80 to 100%). Due to high cost liposomal amphotericin B is beyond the reach of most of the Indian paitients, whereas the cost of treatment with amphotericin B-fat emulsion is quite affordable. Further large scale studies with amphotericin B-fat emulsion are required to evaluate its effectiveness in Indian kala-azar patients and to establish its optimal dose.
	PMID: 20839576 [PubMed - in process]

5.	Parasitol Res. 2010 Jun;107(1):239-42. Epub 2010 May 8. Trypanosoma cruzi infection: do distinct populations cause intestinal motility alteration? de Melo Medeiros M, Araújo-Jorge TC, Batista WS, da Silva TM, de Souza AP. Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos (LITEB), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, sala 52, Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-360, Brazil. Abstract Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important public health problem in Latin America. Disturbances in gastrointestinal motility are observed in 15-20% of patients at the chronic phase. We previously observed a decrease in intestinal motility in mice infected with Y strain from T. cruzi. Thus, we decided to test if infection with other T. cruzi strains also caused the intestinal disturbance. Male adult Swiss mice were infected intraperitoneally with CL-Brener clone (CL-B), Brazil strain (Br), or Dm28 clone (Dm) of T. cruzi. All infected mice presented a low cumulative mortality (CL-B, 17%; Br, 8%; Dm, 25%) at 35 days post infection (dpi) and their typical parasitemia curves. Br and Dm groups exhibited a maximal reduction of intestinal motility at 35 dpi (176.8 +/- 51.3 and 198.3 +/- 52.6 min, respectively), when compared with non-infected mice (90.2 +/- 19.5 min). However, CL mice presented the peak of delayed intestinal transit at 12 dpi (191.0 +/- 33.3 min), when compared with non-infected mice (105.6 +/- 26.4 min), very close to the 15 dpi for the intense alteration (310.2 +/- 67.4 min) observed with the Y strain. We clearly demonstrate a reduction in intestinal motility in mice infected with different groups of T. cruzi during the acute phase of the infection. Since Br, Dm, and CL strains presented low mortality rates in adult Swiss mice, a prospective study concerning the chronic intestinal alteration is encouraged, particularly for studies of alternative therapies.
	PMID: 20454805 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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