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Sent on Wednesday, 2010 Oct 06Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Parasitol Res. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print]Antileishmanial activity of imidothiocarbamates and imidoselenocarbamates.Moreno D, Plano D, Baquedano Y, Jiménez-Ruiz A, Antonio Palop J, Sanmartín C.Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera Madrid-Barcelona Km 33,600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. AbstractIn the present study, a family of 15 imidothio- and imidoselenocarbamates (1-15) analogs have been synthesized and screened for their in vitro antileishmanial potential against Leishmania infantum promastigotes. The six most active ones (2, 4, 7, 13, 14, and 15) were also tested in an axenic amastigote model. In order to establish their selectivity indexes (SI) the cytotoxic effect of each compound was also assayed against Jurkat and THP-1 cell lines. Compounds 2 and 4, both with a pyridine moiety, showed a moderate antileishmanial activity with an IC(50) value of 4.68 ± 0.46 and 3.03 ± 0.24 μM, respectively, in the amastigote model. The activity was compared with that of standard drugs, edelfosine (IC(50) = 0.82 ± 0.13 μM) and miltefosine (IC(50) = 2.84 ± 0.10 μM). Related to selectivity, the SI of both compounds are similar to those of the standard drugs when compared against the THP-1 cell line. Moreover, compound 4 was able to reduce the number of amastigote-infected THP-1 cells to 40% of that observed in untreated controls after a 96-h period of treatment. These derivatives thus represent two new leads for further studies aimed at establishing their mechanism of action. |
| PMID: 20922428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 2. | Parasitol Res. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print]Morpholo gical alterations and growth inhibition of Leishmania (L.)amazonensis promastigotes exposed to zidovudine (AZT).Araújo CA, Araújo AA, Batista CL, Oliveira MA, Oliveira V, Lino Junior RS, Vinaud MC, Bezerra JC.Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, Goiania, GO, Brazil, CEP: 74650-050. AbstractLeishmania parasites cause a worldwide public health disease and its treatment is still based on pentavalent antimonials which present financial and toxicologic limitations. Some nucleosidic derivatives have demonstrated anti-leishmanial properties and this study aims to evaluate the in vitro morphologic alterations and growth inhibition of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes exposed to zidovudine at several concentrations. The citotoxicity of zidovudine (AZT) to macrophages was determined by an MTT assay. After which the promastigotes were exposed to concentrations of AZT, ranging from 1 to 50 μM. The evaluation of survival and morphometry alterations were performed in two distinct phases of in vitro growth, on the third and sixth days, representing the logarithmic and stationary phases, respectively. Slides with the promastigotes were photographed and analyzed using Image J. A significant reduction of parasite number in the logarithmic phase of in vitro growth was observed when the parasites were submitted to 20, 30, 40, and 50 μM of AZT. Morphometric alterations were observed such as an increase in width of the body, cytoplasmic granulations and vacuolizations. These data indicate the toxicity of AZT which prevents the parasite's multiplication, indicating a promising use of AZT as an anti-leishmania drug. |
| PMID: 20922414 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 3. | Infect Genet Evol. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]EuPathDomains: the Divergent Domain Database for Eukaryotic Pathogens.Ghouila A, Terrapon N, Gascuel O, Guerfali FZ, Laouini D, Maréchal E, Bréhélin L.Méthodes et Algorithmes pour la Bioinformatique, LIRMM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier 2 161 rue Ada, 34095 Montpellier, France; Research Unit on Molecular Investigation of Genetic Orphan Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; Computer Science Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunisia. AbstractEukaryotic pathogens (e.g. Plasmodium, Leishmania, Trypanosomes, etc.) are a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Africa, one of the most impacted continents, they cause millions of deaths and constitute an immense economic burden. While the genome sequence of several of these organisms is now available, the biological functions of more than half of their proteins are still unknown. This is a serious issue for bringing to the foreground the expected new therapeutic targets. In this context, the identification of protein domains is a key step to improve the functional annotation of the proteins.However, several domains are missed in eukaryotic pathogens because of the high phylogenetic distance of these organisms from the classical eukaryote models. We recently proposed a method, Co-Occurrence Domain Detection (CODD), that improves the sensitivity of Pfam domain detection by exploiting the tendency of domains to appear preferentially with a few other favorite domains in a protein.In this paper, we present EuPathDomains (http://www.atgc-montpellier.fr/EuPathDomains/), an extended database of protein domains belonging to ten major eukaryotic human pathogens. EuPathDomains gathers known and new domains detected by CODD, along with the associated confidence measurements and the GO annotations that can be deduced from the new domains. This database significantly extends the Pfam domain coverage of all selected genomes, by proposing new occurrences of domains as well as new domain families that have never been reported before. For example, with a false discovery rate lower than 20%, EuPathDomains increases the number of detected domains by 13% in Toxoplasma gondii genome and up to 28% in Cryptospordium parvum, and the total number of domain families by 10% in Plasmodium falciparum and up to 16% in Cryptospordium parvum genome. The database can be queried by protein names, domain identifiers, Pfam or Interpro identifiers, or organisms, and should become a valuable resource to decipher the protein functions of eukaryotic pathogens. |
| PMID: 20920608 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 4. | J Travel Med. 2010 Sep;17(5):303-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2010.00433.x.Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of imported infectious diseases in spanish travelers.Fuertes PZ, Pérez-Ayala A, Pérez Molina JA, Norman FF, Monge-Maíllo B, Navarro M, López-Vélez R.Tropical Medicine and Clinical Parasitology Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. AbstractIntroduction. Spain could be a potential area in Europe for the development and spread of emerging diseases from the tropics due to its geoclimatic characteristics, but there is little information on infectious diseases imported by travelers. The aim of this article was to analyze clinical-epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases imported by Spanish travelers from the tropics. Methods. A retrospective descriptive study of 2,982 travelers seeking medical advice who return ill from the tropics was conducted. Demographic data, details of travel (destination, type, and duration), preventive measures, clinical syndromes, and diagnoses were analyzed. Results. Nearly half (46.5%) the travelers had traveled to sub-Saharan Africa; 46.5% reported a stay exceeding 1 month (and almost a quarter more than 6 months). Following pre-travel advice, 69.1% received at least one vaccine and 35.5% took malarial chemoprophylaxis with variations according to geographical area of travel. In all, 58.8% of this took chemoprophylaxis correctly. Most common syndromes were fever 1,028 (34.5%), diarrhea 872 (29.3%), and cutaneous syndrome 684 (22.9%). Most frequent diagnoses were traveler's diarrhea (17.2%), malaria (17%), and intestinal parasites (10.4%). The three main syndromes in travelers to the Caribbean-Central America, Indian subcontinent-Southeast Asia, and other areas were diarrhea, fever, and cutaneous syndrome (p < 0.05); in sub-Saharan Africa were fever, cutaneous syndrome, and diarrhea (p < 0.05); and in South America were cutaneous syndrome, diarrhea, and fever (p < 0.05). Travelers to sub-Saharan Africa showed a higher frequency of malaria, rickettsiosis, filariasis, and schistosomiasis (p < 0.05); those to South America showed cutaneous larva migrants, other ectoparasitosis, and cutaneous/mucocutaneous leishmaniasis; and those to the Indian subcontinent-Southeast Asia showed intestinal parasitosis, arboviriasis, and enteric fever (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Increased international travel is a key factor for the development and spread of emerging pathogens. Information on these diseases is essential to establish early warning mechanisms and action plans. Spain represents a unique setting for this. |
| PMID: 20920050 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 5. | Future Oncol. 2010 Sep;6(9):1479-84.The potential of immunomodulatory drugs in the treatment of solid tumors.Dalgleish A, Galustian C.St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK. AbstractLenalidomide (REVLIMID<sup>®</sup>) CC-5013 (Celgene, NJ, USA) is approved, in both the USA and Europe, in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma patients who have received at least one prior therapy, and is rapidly being accepted worldwide for this condition. Lenalidomide is also approved in the USA and Canada for use in transfusion-dependent anemia in patients with low- and intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with del (5q) abnormality with or without additional abnormalities. Lenalidomide is an IMiD<sup>®</sup> immunomodulatory compound, incorporating structural modification of the drug thalidomide, which is active against a wide variety of autoimmune Th-2-dependent disorders, including erythema nodosum of leprosy, leishmaniasis, as well as severe ulcerative disorders such as Behcet’s syndrome. Unfortunately, long-term use of thalidomide is limited, particularly by neurotoxicity. To date, results suggest that lenalidomide is more active than thalidomide and does not cause the neurotoxicity seen with thalidomide. Lenalidomide has multiple properties, including anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic and costimulatory effects, as well as being able to inhibit T-regulatory cells, all of which are properties deemed desirable for anticancer activity. This article covers the evidence that lenalidomide may have a major role in the treatment and control of many cancer types other than del (5q) myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma. |
| PMID: 20919830 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 6. | J R Army Med Corps. 2010 Sep;156(3):169-71.A travel misadventure--visceral leishma niasis in an immunocompetent patient.Delacour H, Roche C, Roche B, Morand C, Koeck JL.Department of Biology, Begin Hospital, 69, Avenue de Paris, 94 163 Saint Mandé Cedex, France. h_delacour@yahoo.fr AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis is one of the world's most neglected diseases. Over 90% of the 500,000 annual new cases occur in only five countries: India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sudan and North-Eastern Brazil, but the disease remains endemic in Southern Europe. We report a case of visceral leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent serviceman after a seven-day stay in the Marseilles region of South-Eastern France. This case is intended to alert clinicians to the possibility of visceral leishmaniasis in patients who develop a febrile illness after returning from travel in Southern European countries. |
| PMID: 20919619 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 7. | J R Army Med Corps. 2010 Sep;156(3):162-4.UK Role 4 military infectious diseases at Birmingham Heartlands Hospital in 2005-9.Glennie JS, Bailey MS.Department of Infection & Tropical Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, UK. AbstractOBJECTIVES: Infectious diseases affecting British troops are mostly due to gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses, but these are usually minor in severity, easy to manage and short in duration. To assess the importance of infections that are more severe, difficult to manage or longer in duration, it is necessary to look at military cases that are evacuated or otherwise referred to the UK Role 4 (definitive care) medical facility for infectious diseases. METHODS: Case notes from military infectious disease patients seen at Birmingham Heartlands Hospital in 2005-2009 were reviewed to extract data on demographics, origin of infection, diagnostic categories, exact diagnoses, type and duration of care, time off duty, quality of care and costs incurred. RESULTS: Over a 4-year period, 138 cases were referred, 131 (95%) were male and 98 (71%) were from the Army. The origin of infection was Afghanistan in 52 (38%) and Belize in 19 (14%). From 131 patients (95%) that attended, 59 (45%) had dermatological illnesses and 38 (29%) had undifferentiated febrile illnesses. Diagnoses included 35 (27%) with cutaneous leishmaniasis and 21 (16%) with "Helmand Fever" due to sandfly fever, acute Q fever or rickettsial infection. For 51 in-patients, the median (range) length of stay was 3 (1-17) days and time off duty was 20 (5-127) days. For 80 out-patients, the median (range) number of attendances was 1 (1-23) and time off duty was 22 (1-228) days. All cases were seen promptly (within 7 days for in-patients and 28 days for out-patients), but only 59 (45%) had appropriate letters sent to the referring medical officer and none had F Med 85 notifications of infectious disease submitted. Aeromedical evacuation costs could not be calculated, but UK hospital care cost approximately pound 78 000 per year. CONCLUSIONS: Dermatological infections and undifferentiated febrile illnesses that require management at a UK Role 4 facility are important causes of disease non-battle injury. Prospective collection of this data in the future will be a valuable asset. |
| PMID: 20919617 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 8. | Immunohematology. 2010;26(1):2-7.The Knops blood-group system: a review.Moulds JM.Clinical Immunogenetics, LifeShare Blood Centers, Shreveport, LA 71106, USA. |
| PMID: 20795311 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 9. | Rev Argent Microbiol. 2010 Apr-Jun;42(2):142.[Trypanosoma cruzi in the cerebrospinal fluid of an AIDS patient][Article in Spanish] Menghi CI, Gatta CL, Arcavi M.Area Parasitología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos AiresCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. cmenghi@fibertel.com.ar Free Article |
| PMID: 20589340 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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