What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Thursday, 2010 Oct 28
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 4 of 4

1.	Mol Genet Genomics. 2010 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print] Ribosomal RNA genes in Euglena gracilis mitochondrial DNA: fragmented genes in a seemingly fragmented genome. Spencer DF, Gray MW. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada. Abstract Because relatively little information is available about mtDNA in the euglenid protozoa, distant relatives of the kinetoplastid protozoa, we investigated mitochondrial genome structure and expression in Euglena gracilis. We found that isolated E. gracilis mtDNA comprises a heterodisperse collection of short molecules (modal size ~4 kbp) and that the mitochondrial large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) rRNAs are each split into two pieces. For the two halves of the SSU rRNA, we identified separate, non-contiguous coding modules that are flanked by a complex array of (primarily direct) A + T-rich repeats. The potential secondary structure of the bipartite SSU rRNA displays the expected conserved elements implicated in ribosome function. Label from [α-(32)P]GTP was incorporated in the presence of guanylyltransferase into each of the separate SSU and LSU rRNA fragments, confirming that these RNAs are primary transcripts, separately expressed from non-contiguous rRNA modules. In addition to authentic genes for SSU rRNA, we discovered numerous short fragments of protein-coding and rRNA genes dispersed throughout the E. gracilis mitochondrial genome. We propose that antisense transcripts of gene fragments of this type could have been the evolutionary precursors of the guide RNAs that mediate U insertion/deletion editing in the kinetoplastid relatives of the euglenids. To the extent that E. gracilis mtDNA is a representative euglenid mitochondrial genome, it differs radically in structure and organization from that of its kinetoplastid relatives, instead more closely resembling the mitochondrial genome of dinoflagellates in many of its features, an apparent evolutionary convergence.
	PMID: 20978909 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2.	Lancet. 2010 Oct 9;376(9748):1216-7. The doctor who would be king. Lachenal G.
	PMID: 20941860 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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3.	Pharm Biol. 2010 Jun;48(6):666-71. Anti-trypanosomal activity of (8-hydroxymethylen)-trieicosanyl acetate against infective forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Jimenez-Coello M, Acosta-Viana KY, Guzman-Marin E, Perez Gonzalez C, Salud Perez Gutierrez M. Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Abstract The activity of an (8-hydroxymethylen)-trieicosanyl acetate compound obtained from chloroform extracts of Senna villosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae) against Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated in vivo. Oral doses of 2.1, 8.4, and 33.6 microg/g were tested for 28 days in BALB/c mice infected with T. cruzi. Reduced parasitemia levels of 70.5%, 73.8%, and 80.9%, respectively, were observed. A significant reduction in amastigote nests was detected in the cardiac tissue of treated animals at doses of 8.4 and 33.6 microg/g. The LD50 of (8-hydroxymethylen)-trieicosanyl acetate was impossible to determine because none of the animals died, even at oral doses of 5000 microg/g; consequently, it was impossible to determine the acute oral toxicity in vivo.
	PMID: 20645740 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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4.	Transbound Emerg Dis. 2010 Apr;57(1-2):28-32. Preventing and containing trypanocide resistance in the cotton zone of West Africa. Clausen PH, Bauer B, Zessin KH, Diall O, Bocoum Z, Sidibe I, Affognon H, Waibel H, Grace D, Randolph T. Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany. yahyatahamtan@yahoo.com Abstract Trypanocidal drugs are the most commonly purchased and used livestock input by resource-poor farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. The effective use of trypanocidal drugs by smallholder farmers is threatened by the development of widespread resistance. This is a particular concern for smallholder crop-livestock farmers in the cotton zone of West Africa. A recent project funded by the Germany Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) confirmed significant resistance to trypanocidal drugs in villages with high trypanosomosis risk in Burkina Faso and Mali. Strategies for resistance prevention were investigated. Keeping trypanotolerant cattle was found to be an effective disease management strategy, but farmers' preference for trypano-susceptible breeds, for reasons unrelated to animal health, suggest that the intromission of zebu genotype will continue. Community vector control was found to be effective in managing trypanosomosis in the presence of resistance and the high-level participatory approach tested was found to be more sustainable than low-level approaches previously used in the region. This suggests that participatory vector control with appropriate external support is likely to be a viable option for implementing resistance 'clean-up'. Promoting rational drug use (RDU) emerged as a promising prevention strategy, with clear improvements in farmer knowledge, farmer practice and animal health outcomes. However, policy studies showed low understanding of the problem of resistance and the absence of an enabling environment for RDU. Engagement was initiated with actors involved in the problem of resistance and for its solution, including manufacturers, sellers and users of drugs, regulators and extension providers.
	PMID: 20537098 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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