What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Saturday, 2010 Oct 30
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 3 of 3

1.	Mol Biol Evol. 2010 Oct 28. [Epub ahead of print] Phylogenomic analysis of kinetoplastids supports that trypanosomatids arose from within bodonids. Deschamps P, Lara E, Marande W, López-García P, Ekelund F, Moreira D. Unité d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution. UMR CNRS 8079, Univ. Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. Abstract Kinetoplastids are a large group of free-living and parasitic eukaryotic flagellates, including the medically-important trypanosomatids (e.g., Trypanosoma and Leishmania) and the widespread free-living and parasitic bodonids. Small subunit rRNA- and conserved protein-based phylogenies support the division of kinetoplastids into five orders (Prokinetoplastida, Neobodonida, Parabodonida, Eubodonida and Trypanosomatida), but they produce incongruent results regarding their relative branching order, in particular for the position of the Trypanosomatida. In general, small subunit rRNA tends to support their early emergence, whereas protein phylogenies most often support a more recent origin from within bodonids. In order to resolve this question through a phylogenomic approach, we carried out massive parallel sequencing of cDNA from representatives of three bodonid orders (Bodo saltans -Eubodonida-, Procryptobia sorokini -Parabodonida- and Rhynchomonas nasuta -Neobodonida-). We identified 64 well-conserved proteins shared by these species, four trypanosomatids and two closely related outgroup species (Euglena gracilis and Diplonema papillatum). Phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated dataset yielded a strongly supported tree showing the late emergence of trypanosomatids as sister group of the Eubodonida. In addition, we identified homologues of proteins involved in trypanosomatid mitochondrial mRNA editing in the three bodonid species, suggesting that editing may be widespread in kinetoplastids. Comparison of expressed sequences from mitochondrial genes showed variability at U positions, in agreement with the existence of editing activity in the three bodonid orders most closely related to trypanosomatids (Neobodonida, Parabodonida and Eubodonida). Mitochondrial mRNA editing appears to be an ancient phenomenon in kinetoplastids.
	PMID: 21030427 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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2.	Vet Parasitol. 2010 Oct 8. [Epub ahead of print] Validation of a Leishmania infantum ELISA rapid test for serological diagnosis of Leishmania chagasi in dogs. Marcondes M, Biondo AW, Gomes AA, Silva AR, Vieira RF, Camacho AA, Quinn J, Chandrashekar R. Department of Veterinary Clinics, Surgery and Reproduction, Sao Paulo State University, Aracatuba, Sao Paulo 16050-680, Brazil. Abstract Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is caused by Leishmania donovani complex parasites including L. donovani, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania chagasi. As some studies suggest that L. chagasi and L. infantum may be very similar or even the same species, the aim of the present study was to evaluate a commercial rapid ELISA test, originally designed for L. infantum, in the diagnosis of CVL in dogs naturally infected by L. chagasi. A total of 400 serum canine samples, including 283 positive dogs for CVL from an endemic area, 86 clinically healthy dogs from a non-endemic area and 31 dogs seropositive for confounding infectious agents (Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis) were used for test validation. An overall sensitivity of 94.7% (95% CI=91.41-97.01%) and specificity of 90.6% (95% CI=83.80-95.21%) was found, with a high degree of agreement (k=0.8445) to the indirect ELISA. When confounding infectious diseases were excluded, specificity increased to 100% (95% CI=95.8-100%), with a higher degree of agreement (k=0.8928). In conclusion, the commercial kit designed for L. infantum was a highly sensitive and specific device for detection of L. chagasi infection in dogs, which indicates high immunoreactivity similarities between L. infantum and L. chagasi. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V.
	PMID: 21030153 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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3.	Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2010 Oct 28. [Epub ahead of print] New delivery strategies for the old pentavalent antimonial drugs. Frézard F, Demicheli C. Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil +55 31 34092940 ; +55 31 34092924 ; frezard@icb.ufmg.br. Abstract Importance of the field: Pentavalent antimonials are the first-line drugs for treatment of the major tropical disease leishmaniasis. However, their use is limited by the need for daily parenteral administration, their severe side effects and treatment failures. As leishmaniasis belongs to the group of neglected diseases, the improvement of old drugs through new delivery approaches has more support than the development of new chemical entities. Areas covered in this review: The review covers, from 1977 to the present, the progress achieved towards pharmaceutically acceptable liposome-based formulations of antimonials, identification of specific ligands for improved targeting of infected macrophages and new approaches for oral and topical delivery of antimonial drugs. What the reader will gain: Insights into the most promising delivery strategies to improve antimonial therapy and the chemical basis and future directions for achieving innovative orally and topically effective formulations. Take home message: The development of drug delivery strategies for the old pentavalent antimonials is a still growing and promising field, with expected innovations in the near future from improved knowledge of antimony chemistry.
	PMID: 21029028 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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