What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 10 of 16

1.	Brain Behav Immun. 2010 Dec 20. [Epub ahead of print] Hormone levels are associated with clinical markers and cytokine levels in human localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. Baccan GC, Oliveira F, Sousa AD, Cerqueira NA, Costa JM, Barral-Netto M, Barral A. Departamento de Biofunção, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil. Abstract Leishmaniasis is a serious health problem in several parts of the world, and localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is the most frequent presentation of the tegumentary form of this disease cluster. Clinical presentations of leishmaniasis are influenced by both parasite and host factors, with emphasis on the host immune response. Alterations in plasma hormone levels have been described in many infections, and changes in hormone levels could be related to an imbalanced cytokine profile. In the present work, we evaluated a group of patients with LCL to determine changes in plasma hormone levels (cortisol, DHEA-S, estradiol, prolactin and testosterone) and their association with clinical markers of disease (lesion size, dose used to reach cure and time to cure) and with cytokines produced by PBMC stimulated by SLA (IFN-γ, IL-10 and TNF-α). Individuals with LCL exhibited lower plasma levels of DHEA-S, prolactin and testosterone compared with sex-matched controls, whereas levels of cortisol and estradiol were similar between patients and controls. Plasma levels of cortisol, estradiol or prolactin positively correlated with at least one clinical parameter. Cortisol and prolactin levels exhibited a negative correlation with levels of IFN-γ, whereas no correlation was observed with IL-10 or TNF-α levels. A decrease in DHEA-S levels was observed in male LCL patients when compared to male healthy controls. No other differences between the sexes were observed. Our results indicate a role for neuroendocrine regulation that restricts Th1 responses in human LCL. It is possible that, although impairing parasite killing, such neuroimmunomodulation may contribute to limiting tissue damage. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc.
	PMID: 21182928 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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2.	Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2010 Dec 20. [Epub ahead of print] Oral putrescine restores virulence of ornithine decarboxylase-deficient Leishmania donovani in mice. Olenyik T, Gilroy C, Ullman B. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098. Abstract Administration of putrescine as a 1% solution in the drinking water ameliorated the profound loss of virulence exhibited by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) deficient Leishmania donovani in mice. Furthermore, supplying α-difluoromethylornithine, an ODC inhibitor, at 2% in the drinking water reduced but did not eliminate infection with wild type L. donovani in the mouse model. Taken collectively, these findings: 1) demonstrate that oral putrescine can access the phagolysosome of macrophages in which the parasite resides in mice; 2) establish that the loss of virulence due to the Δodc lesion is a consequence of the inability of the mutant parasite to synthesize sufficient polyamines de novo; 3) imply that the L. donovani amastigote cannot access host polyamines in sufficient amounts for survival and growth; 4) and validate ODC as a drug target, although oral administration of DFMO is an unlikely therapeutic paradigm for visceral leishmaniasis. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V.
	PMID: 21182873 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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3.	Int J Dermatol. 2011 Jan;50(1):120. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04679.x. Re: AlKhodair R, Al-Khenaizan S. Fish tank granuloma: misdiagnosed as cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Dermatol 2010, 49: 53-55. Mutasim DF.
	PMID: 21182513 [PubMed - in process]
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4.	Int J Dermatol. 2011 Jan;50(1):120-1. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04685.x. Re: Mutasim DF comment on AlKhodair R, Al-Khenaizan S. Fish tank granuloma: misdiagnosed as cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Dermatol 2010, 49: 53-55. Al-Khenaizan S.
	PMID: 21182512 [PubMed - in process]
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5.	Cytometry A. 2011 Jan;79A(1):35-45. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.21001. Epub 2010 Dec 13. Monitoring of intracellular nitric oxide in leishmaniasis: Its applicability in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Sarkar A, Saha P, Mandal G, Mukhopadhyay D, Roy S, Singh SK, Das S, Goswami RP, Saha B, Kumar D, Das P, Chatterjee M. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata 700 020, India. Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) has been demonstrated to be a principal effector molecule responsible for mediating intracellular killing of Leishmania parasites, the causative organism of leishmaniasis. As measurement of intracellular NO remains a challenge to biologists, we have developed a flow cytometric approach to perform real time biological detection of NO within Leishmania parasites and parasitized macrophages using a membrane permeable derivative of diaminofluorescein [4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2DA)]. Initially, assay optimization was performed in Leishmania donovani promastigotes, assay specificity being confirmed using both a NO donor [S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP)] and a NO scavenger [2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, C-PTIO]. Using 40 μM DAF-2DA, basal levels of intracellular NO were measured which varied in different Leishmania species; addition of conventional anti-leishmanial drugs, antimony and miltefosine translated into a dramatic increase in DAF-2T fluorescence. Furthermore, the assay also measured levels of NO in macrophages, but needed a 20 fold lower concentration of DAF-2DA, being 2 μM. Following parasitization, levels of NO decreased which was normalized following treatment with anti-leishmanial drugs. Similarly monocytes of patients with visceral leishmaniasis at disease presentation showed decreased levels of NO which too reverted on completion of treatment. Taken together, this study opens new perspectives of research regarding monocyte function and provides a real time approach for monitoring the effect of anti-leishmanial compounds. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry. Copyright © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
	PMID: 21182181 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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6.	Eur J Immunol. 2011 Jan;41(1):116-27. doi: 10.1002/eji.201040533. Epub 2010 Dec 3. Cystatin cures visceral leishmaniasis by NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory response through co-ordination of TLR/MyD88 signaling with p105-Tpl2-ERK pathway. Kar S, Ukil A, Das PK. Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India. Abstract Cystatin could completely cure experimental visceral leishmaniasis by switching the differentiation of Th2 cells to Th1 type, as well as upregulating NO, and activation of NF-κB played a major role in these processes. Analysis of upstream signaling events revealed that TLR 2/4-mediated MyD88-dependent participation of IL-1R-activated kinase (IRAK)1, TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6 and TGFβ-activated kinase (TAK)1 is essential to induce cystatin-mediated IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB activation in macrophages. Cystatin plus IFN-γ activated the IKK complex to induce phosphorylation-mediated degradation of p105, the physiological partner and inhibitor of the MEK kinase, tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl-2). Consequently, Tpl-2 was liberated from p105, thereby stimulating activation of the MEK/ERK MAPK cascade. Cystatin plus IFN-γ-induced IKK-β post-transcriptionally modified p65/RelA subunit of NF-κB by dual phosphorylation in infected phagocytic cells. IKK induced the phosphorylation of p65 directly on Ser-536 residue whereas phosphorylation on Ser 276 residue was by sequential activation of Tpl-2/MEK/ERK/MSK1. Collectively, the present study indicates that cystatin plus IFN-γ-induced MyD88 signaling may bifurcate at the level of IKK, leading to a divergent pathway regulating NF-κB activation by IκBα phosphorylation and by p65 transactivation through Tpl-2/MEK/ERK/MSK1. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
	PMID: 21182083 [PubMed - in process]
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7.	Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2010 Dec;43(6):743-5. Neurological involvement in visceral leishmaniasis: case report. Diniz LM, Duani H, Freitas CR, Figueiredo RM, Xavier CC. Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hospital Infantil João Paulo II, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe and potentially fatal vector-borne disease. The most typical symptoms are fever, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss, bleeding and bacterial infections. Neurological changes are rarely reported. This paper describes a child who presented with neurological signs as the first symptoms of leishmaniasis; tone was diminished and tremors in the extremities were observed. A diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was confirmed by parasite detection in the bone marrow. Symptoms were reversed by specific treatment. The nature of a possible mechanism of neurological involvement in visceral leishmaniasis remains unexplained.
	PMID: 21181038 [PubMed - in process]
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8.	Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2010 Dec;43(6):728-30. A semi-nested PCR assay for molecular detection of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in tissue samples. Koishi AC, Vituri DF, Dionízio Filho PS, Sasaki AA, Felipe MS, Venancio EJ. Program in Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil. Abstract INTRODUCTION: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. METHODS: In this study, a semi-nested PCR for paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosis was developed. The primers ITS1 and ITS4 were used in the first reaction, while the primers MJ03 and ITS1 primer were used in the second reaction. The semi-nested PCR was used to investigate biopsies of five patients with oral lesions that resembled paracoccidioidomycosis. RESULTS: The semi-nested PCR was positive for four samples and negative for a sample from a patient later diagnosed with leishmaniasis. CONCLUSIONS: The new semi-nested PCR describe is useful for paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosis.
	PMID: 21181033 [PubMed - in process]
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9.	Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2010 Dec;43(6):723-727. [Ecological aspects of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the urban area of Ponta Porã municipality, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.] [Article in Portuguese] Almeida PS, Minzão ER, Minzão LD, Silva SR, Ferreira AD, Faccenda O, Andrade Filho JD. Laboratório Regional de Entomologia, Núcleo Regional de Saúde, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde. Abstract INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to carry out an analysis of urban phlebotomine fauna and a survey of infestations (intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary) in Ponta Porã municipality State of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS: Sand flies were collected with automatic CDC light traps, installed monthly on three consecutive nights, from 18h to 6h, from September 2005 to September 2007. RESULTS: A total of 3,946 phlebotomines, representing eight species, were captured, among which was a large predominance of Lutzomyia longipalpis, presenting high indexes of frequency, constancy, abundance and dominance. Of the total, 82.9% were males and 17.1% females. The monthly average number (136.29 ± 152.01) of males captured being, much larger than that of females. Although the average number of phlebotomines in the intradomicile was much larger than that in the peridomicile, there was no significant statistical difference. A positive correlation was found between the abundance of phlebotomines and the average daily maximum temperature, precipitation and relative atmospheric humidity. CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Ponta Porã municipality is a reason for concern as regards the possibility of outbreaks of visceral leishmaniasis in the area, because this species is the main Leishmania chagasi vector not only in Mato Grosso do Sul but also nationwide.
	PMID: 21181032 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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10.	Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2010 Dec;43(6):713-718. [Canine tegumentar leishmaníasis in the town of Balneário Camboriú in the State of Santa Catarina.] [Article in Portuguese] Heusser Júnior A, Bellato V, Souza AP, Moura AB, Sartor AA, Santos EG, Silva VL. Clínica Veterinária TOP DOG, Balneário Camboriú, SC. Abstract INTRODUCTION: The increase in American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) cases in 2005 was due to an outbreak that occurred in the towns of Itapema and Balneário Camboriú. This study aimed to determine the possible presence of infection by Leishmania sp in domestic dogs living in an endemic focus of ATL in the town of Balneário Camboriú and verify the existence of a correlation between the humoral and cellular immune responses, the presence of suggestive lesions and positivity in direct parasitological exams. METHODS: A total of 275 dogs were evaluated, examined according to clinic aspects, the development of delayed hypersensitivity to Immunoleish® antigens and serological responses to the indirect immunofluorescence reaction and immunoenzymatic assay. RESULTS: Seven dogs presented suspect lesions, but Leishmania was not detected using the direct parasitological method. The serological result was 5.8% positivity using the IIFR technique, 6.2% by ELISA and 1.8% using the intradermal test. The total number of dogs positive for ATL using the serological exams and/or intradermal test was 24, indicating prevalence of 8.7% for ATL. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are required to evaluate the participation of dogs in the epidemiological chain of ATL in Balneário Camboriú.
	PMID: 21181030 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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