This message contains My NCBI what's new results from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Do not reply directly to this message.
Sender's message:
Sent on Tuesday, 2011 Feb 01Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
Click here to view complete results in PubMed. (Results may change over time.)
To unsubscribe from these e-mail updates click here.
| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]Disappearance of some human African trypanosomiasis transmission foci in Zambia in the absence of a tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis control program over a period of forty years.Mwanakasale V, Songolo P.Tropical Diseases Research Centre, PO BOX 71769, Ndola, Zambia. AbstractWe conducted a situation analysis of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Zambia from January 2000 to April 2007. The aim of this survey was to identify districts in Zambia that were still recording cases of HAT. Three districts namely, Mpika, Chama, and Chipata were found to be still reporting cases of HAT and thus lay in HAT transmission foci in North Eastern Zambia. During the period under review, 24 cases of HAT were reported from these three districts. We thereafter reviewed literature on the occurrence of HAT in Zambia from the early 1960s to mid 1990s. This revealed that HAT transmission foci were widespread in Western, North Western, Lusaka, Eastern, Luapula, and Northern Provinces of Zambia during this period. In this article we have tried to give possible reasons as to why the distribution of HAT transmission foci is so different between before and after 2000 when there has been no active national tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis control program in Zambia. Copyright © 2010 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 21276598 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| Related citations | |
| 2. | Exp Parasitol. 2011 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print]Leishmania major: Protective capacity of DNA vaccine using amastin fused to HSV-1 VP22 and EGFP in BALB/c mice model.Bolhassani A, Gholami E, Zahedifard F, Moradin N, Parsi P, Doustdari F, Seyed N, Papadopoulou B, Rafati S.Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. AbstractAn intercellular spreading strategy using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) VP22 protein is employed to enhance DNA vaccine potency of Leishmania major amastin antigen in BALB/c mice model. We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of plasmid DNA vaccines encoding amastin-Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) and VP22-amastin-EGFP. Optimal cell-mediated immune responses were observed in BALB/c mice immunized with VP22-amastin-EGFP as assessed by cytokine gene expression analysis using real time RT-PCR. Vaccination with the VP22-amastin-EGFP fusion construct elicited significantly higher IFN-gamma response upon antigen stimulation of splenocytes from immunized mice compared to amastin as a sole antigen. Mice immunized by VP22-amastin-EGFP showed partial protection following infectious challenge with L. major, as measured by parasite load in spleens. These results suggest that the development of DNA vaccines encoding VP22 fused to a target Leishmania antigen would be a promising strategy to improve immunogenicity and DNA vaccine potency. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 21276444 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| Related citations | |
| 3. | BMC Immunol. 2011 Jan 29;12(1):13. [Epub ahead of print]Babassu aqueous extract (BAE) as an adjuvant for T helper (Th)1-dependent immune responses in mice of a Th2 immune response-prone strain.Guerra RN, Silva VM, Aragao-Franca LS, Oliveira PR, Feitosa R, Nascimento FR, Pontes-de-Carvalho LC.AbstractABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The aqueous extract of a Brazilian palm-tree fruit - the babassu - (BAE) exerts a clear immunostimulative activity in vivo. In the present work, the possibility that BAE can promote Th1 immune responses in mice of a Th2 immune response-prone strain - the BALB/c - was investigated. BAE itself, and preparations consisting of Leishmania amazonensis promastigote extract (LE), adsorbed or not to Al(OH)3, and in the presence or not of BAE, were used as immunogens. LE and Al(OH)3 have been shown to preferentially elicit Th2 immune responses. RESULTS: The addition of BAE to LE-containing immunogenic preparations, adsorbed or not to Al(OH)3, clearly promoted the in vitro production of interferon (IFN-)gamma, a major Th1-dependent cytokine, and not of interleukin (IL-)4 (a Th2-dependent cytokine), by LE-stimulated splenocytes of immunized BALB/c mice. It also promoted the in vivo formation of IgG2a anti-LE antibodies. However, immunization with LE by itself led to an increased production of IL-4 by LE-stimulated splenocytes, and this production, albeit not enhanced, was not reduced by the addition of BAE to the immunogen. On the other hand, the IL-4 production by LE-stimulated splenocytes was significantly lower in mice immunized with a preparation containing Al(OH)3-adsorbed LE and BAE than in mice immunized with the control preparation of Al(OH)3-adsorbed LE without BAE. Moreover, an increased production of IFN-gamma, and not of IL-4, was observed in the culture supernatants of splenocytes, from BAE-immunized mice, which were in vitro stimulated with BAE or which received no specific in vitro stimulus. No differences in IL-10 (an immunoregulatory cytokine) levels in the supernatants of splenocytes from mice that were injected with BAE, in relation to splenocytes from control mice, were observed. The spontaneous ex vivo production of NO by splenocytes of mice that had been injected with BAE was significantly higher than the production of NO by splenocytes of control mice. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results described above, BAE, or biologically active molecules purified from it, should be further investigated as a possible adjuvant, in association or not with aluminium compounds, for the preferential induction of Th1-dependent immune responses against different antigens in distinct murine strains and animal species. |
| PMID: 21276258 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| Related citations | |
| 4. | Biol Cell. 2011 Jan 27;103(3):131-44.The ciliary pocket: a once-forgotten membrane domain at the base of cilia.Ghossoub R, Molla-Herman A, Bastin P, Benmerah A.§Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR2581, Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Paris, France. AbstractThe PC (primary cilium) is present on most cell types in both developing and adult tissues in vertebrates. Despite multiple reports in the 1960s, the PC was almost forgotten for decades by most of the cell biology community, mainly because its function appeared enigmatic. This situation changed 10 years ago with the key discovery that this fascinating structure is the missing link between complex genetic diseases and key signalling pathways during development and tissue homoeostasis. A similar misfortune might have happened to an original membrane domain found at the base of PC in most cell types and recently termed the 'ciliary pocket'. A morphologically related structure has also been described at the connecting cilium of photoreceptors and at the flagellum in spermatids. Its organization is also reminiscent of the flagellar pocket, a plasma membrane invagination specialized in uptake and secretion encountered in kinetoplastid protozoa. The exact function of the ciliary pocket remains to be established, but the recent observation of endocytic activity coupled to the fact that vesicular trafficking plays important roles during ciliogenesis brought excitement in the ciliary community. Here, we have tried to decipher what this highly conserved membrane domain could tell us about the function and/or biogenesis of the associated cilium. |
| PMID: 21275905 [PubMed - in process] | |
| Related citations | |
| 5. | Biol Cell. 2011 Jan 21;103(3):109-30.1001 model organisms to study cilia and flagella.Vincensini L, Blisnick T, Bastin P.Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur and CNRS, Paris, France. AbstractMost mammalian cell types have the potential to assemble at least one cilium. Immotile cilia participate in numerous sensing processes, while motile cilia are involved in cell motility and movement of extracellular fluid. The functional importance of cilia and flagella is highlighted by the growing list of diseases due to cilia defects. These ciliopathies are marked by an amazing diversity of clinical manifestations and an often complex genetic aetiology. To understand these pathologies, a precise comprehension of the biology of cilia and flagella is required. These organelles are remarkably well conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution. In this review, we describe the strengths of various model organisms to decipher diverse aspects of cilia and flagella biology: molecular composition, mode of assembly, sensing and motility mechanisms and functions. Pioneering studies carried out in the green alga Chlamydomonas established the link between cilia and several genetic diseases. Moreover, multicellular organisms such as mouse, zebrafish, Xenopus, Caenorhabditis elegans or Drosophila, and protists such as Paramecium, Tetrahymena and Trypanosoma or Leishmania each bring specific advantages to the study of cilium biology. For example, the function of genes involved in primary ciliary dyskinesia (due to defects in ciliary motility) can be efficiently assessed in trypanosomes. |
| PMID: 21275904 [PubMed - in process] | |
| Related citations | |
| 6. | Immunology. 2011 Jan;132(1):123-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03347.x. Epub 2010 Sep 28.Trypanosoma cruzi infection induces a massive extrafollicular and follicular splenic B-cell response which is a high source of non-parasite-specific antibodies.Bermejo DA, Amezcua Vesely MC, Khan M, Acosta Rodríguez EV, Montes CL, Merino MC, Toellner KM, Mohr E, Taylor D, Cunningham AF, Gruppi A.Immunology, School of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. AbstractAcute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas' disease, results in parasitaemia and polyclonal lymphocyte activation. It has been reported that polyclonal B-cell activation is associated with hypergammaglobulinaemia and delayed parasite-specific antibody response. In the present study we analysed the development of a B-cell response within the different microenvironments of the spleen during acute T. cruzi infection. We observed massive germinal centre (GC) and extrafollicular (EF) responses at the peak of infection. However, the EF foci were evident since day 3 post-infection (p.i.), and, early in the infection, they mainly provided IgM. The EF foci response reached its peak at 11 days p.i. and extended from the red pulp into the periarteriolar lymphatic sheath. The GCs were detected from day 8 p.i. At the peak of parasitaemia, CD138(+) B220(+) plasma cells in EF foci, red pulp and T-cell zone expressed IgM and all the IgG isotypes. Instead of the substantial B-cell response, most of the antibodies produced by splenic cells did not target the parasite, and parasite-specific IgG isotypes could be detected in sera only after 18 days p.i. We also observed that the bone marrow of infected mice presented a strong reduction in CD138(+) B220(+) cells compared with that of normal mice. Hence, in acute infection with T. cruzi, the spleen appears to be the most important lymphoid organ that lodges plasma cells and the main producer of antibodies. The development of a B-cell response during T. cruzi infection shows features that are particular to T. cruzi and other protozoan infection but different to other infections or immunization with model antigens. |
| PMID: 20875075 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
| Related citations | |
 |
| 7. | Microbes Infect. 2010 Nov;12(12-13):1061-70. Epub 2010 Jul 27.Influence of leishmanolysin-like molecules of Herpetomonas samuelpessoai on the interaction with macrophages.Pereira FM, Santos-Mallet JR, Branquinha MH, d'Avila-Levy CM, Santos AL.Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Bioquímica Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Bloco E-subsolo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil. AbstractMonoxenous trypanosomatids usually have an invertebrate as the only host in their life cycles, however, they have been found repeatedly in plants and/or mammals. To succeed in colonizing a vertebrate host, the parasite must quickly adapt to drastic changes in the environment (e.g. temperature), which reflect the conditions found in the insect and mammalian hosts. Leishmanolysin is a metalloprotease ubiquitously distributed in trypanosomatids, playing a myriad of functions. In Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, an insect trypanosomatid, the leishmanolysin-like molecule was implicated in the nutrition and insect adhesion. Herein, we showed that leishmanolysin expression is equally expressed in H. samuelpessoai parasites submitted to insect (26 °C) and mammalian (37 °C) temperatures. Also, the parasites grown in both temperatures interacted at similar rates with macrophages. Finally, we showed that leishmanolysin is involved in crucial steps in the interaction of H. samuelpessoai cells with macrophages, since the treatment with either anti-leishmanolysin antibodies or metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline significantly reduced the association index. Similarly, the treatment of the macrophages with purified leishmanolysin promoted a powerful reduction in the association index, suggesting the direct involvement of macrophage receptors. These results suggest that H. samuelpessoai leishmanolysin molecules are not modulated by temperature and are involved in the interaction with mammalian cells. Copyright © 2010 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20670690 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
| Related citations | |
 |
| 8. | Parasitology. 2010 Oct;137(12):1799-804. Epub 2010 Jun 14.Trypanosoma melophagium from the sheep ked Melophagus ovinus on the island of St Kilda.Gibson W, Pilkington JG, Pemberton JM.School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS81UG, UK. w.gibson@bris.ac.uk AbstractSUMMARYThe sheep ked has been largely eradicated in the UK but persists in the feral Soay sheep of St Kilda in the Outer Hebrides. Sheep keds transmit Trypanosoma melophagium, but parasitaemias are typically cryptic and this trypanosome has not been recorded in the St Kilda sheep. Trypanosomes were detected by PCR in preserved keds and were also found in gut smears from live keds; one infected gut was used to establish the trypanosome in vitro. Examination of the morphology of bloodstream forms from culture confirmed its identity as T. melophagium. Most keds were found to harbour the trypanosome, particularly those collected from lambs. DNA was extracted from preserved keds and from trypanosomes grown in vitro. Sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the spliced leader transcript showed the T. melophagium sequences to be very similar to those from T. theileri. A partial sequence of the ked SSU rRNA gene was also obtained. The close genetic relationship of T. melophagium and T. theileri suggests that T. melophagium represents a lineage of T. theileri that adapted to transmission by sheep keds and hence became a specific parasite of sheep. |
| PMID: 20546642 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
| Related citations | |
 |
| 9. | Vet J. 2010 Nov;186(2):262-3. Epub 2009 Sep 3.Determination of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of dogs with leishmaniosis before and after prolonged allopurinol monotherapy.Papadogiannakis E, Andritsos G, Kontos V, Spanakos G, Koutis C, Velonakis E.Department of Veterinary Public Health, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece. dermpap1@otenet.gr AbstractCanine leishmaniosis (CL) is a common systemic parasitic disease that is endemic in many Mediterranean countries including Greece. The immune reaction to the parasite is critical to the outcome of the infection and the response to treatment. Some studies have shown a reduction of circulating CD4+ T cells and of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in dogs with CL and these changes normalised following treatment with meglumine antimoniate or amphotericin B. Allopurinol is used as a monotherapy for the chronic treatment of CL. The aim of the present study was to determine the circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte numbers and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in 19 dogs diagnosed with CL before and after prolonged allopurinol monotherapy (18 months). A significant decrease in circulating CD4+ T cells was observed in dogs with CL before treatment. Prolonged allopurinol monotherapy improved the number of circulating CD4+ T cells, but did not restore their number to within the normal range. Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 19733103 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
| Related citations | |
| |
No comments:
Post a Comment