What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

This message contains My NCBI what's new results from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Do not reply directly to this message.

Sender's message:

Sent on Friday, 2011 Feb 18
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
Click here to view complete results in PubMed. (Results may change over time.)
To unsubscribe from these e-mail updates click here.

PubMed Results

Items 1 - 7 of 7

1.	Arch Dermatol Res. 2011 Feb 17. [Epub ahead of print] Antigens from Leishmania amastigotes inducing clinical remission of psoriatic arthritis. O'Daly JA, Gleason J, Lezama R, Rodriguez PJ, Silva E, Indriago NR. Astralis Ltd., 1076 Stuyvesant Ave., Irvington, NJ, 07111, USA, joseodaly@aol.com. Abstract A first generation vaccine (AS100-1) was manufactured with protein from four cultured Leishmania species, which proved to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis. A single blind trial on 3,132 psoriasis patients revealed 508 (16.2%) subjects with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) that received AS100-1 antigens. The study group was distributed according to percent psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) reduction from PASI 10 to PASI 100. All groups decreased in arthritis score (AS), tender joints counts and nail changes after treatment; the highest decreased in the PASI 100 group. Relapses of psoriasis and PsA had PASI and AS lower than initial values before treatment. Clinical remissions were at lower doses and less time, after the second course of treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) lymphocyte subsets (LS) varied with PASI range (1-10, 11-20 and 21-72). Pre-treatment, absolute values of gated LS: CD4+, CD8+HLA-, CD8+HLA+, CD8+CD3-, CD8+CD3+ decreased in PBMC as PASI increased, suggesting migration from the blood to the skin. In contrary to the previous finding, the following LS: CD8+CD4-, CD3+CD8-, HLA+CD8-, CD19, CD8+CD4+ and membrane surface immunoglobulin IgA+, IgD+, IgM+, IgE+, and IgG+ increased in PBMC as PASI increased suggesting activation and proliferation by unknown antigens creating a homeostatic cycle between skin/joints and peripheral blood. After nine doses of AS100-1, the following LS: CD8+CD3+, CD8+HLA+, CD3+CD8-, CD4+CD8-, CD8+HLA-, HLA+CD8-, CD8+CD3-, CD19+, CD8+CD4-, CD8+CD4+, IgA+, IgD+, IgM+, IgE+, and IgG+ decreased significantly as compared with values before treatment. The LS decreased stops the vicious cycle between skin/joints and blood explaining clinical remission of lesions.
	PMID: 21328087 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations

2.	Nucleus. 2010 May;1(3):260-263. Epub 2010 Mar 3. A newly discovered role of telomeres in an ancient organism. Li B. Cleveland State University; Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences; Cleveland, OH USA. Abstract Trypanosoma brucei expresses Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) genes in a strictly monoallelic fashion in its mammalian hosts, and the regulation of this important virulence mechanism has been the research focus for decades. Telomere position effect (TPE), an epigenetic phenomenon, has been proposed to play a critical role in VSG regulation, yet no telomeric protein was identified whose disruption led to VSG derepression. We recently identified tbRAP1 as an intrinsic component of the T. brucei telomere complex and a major regulator for silencing VSG expression sites (ESs). Knockdown of tbRAP1 led to derepression of all ES-linked VSGs but not VSGs located elsewhere, and resulted in stronger derepression of telomere-proximal genes than telomere-distal genes. This tapered silencing pattern further argues that telomere integrity plays a key role in tbRAP1-dependent silencing and for the first time provides direct evidence indicating that telomeres are important for VSG expression regulation. Whether chromatin remodeling is important for tbRAP1-mediated silencing as in classical TPE will also be discussed.
	PMID: 21327073 [PubMed]
	Related citations

3.	Vet Parasitol. 2011 Feb 14. [Epub ahead of print] Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays for the sensitive detection of Besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle. Schares G, Maksimov A, Basso W, Moré G, Dubey JP, Rosenthal B, Majzoub M, Rostaher A, Selmair J, Langenmayer MC, Scharr JC, Conraths FJ, Gollnick NS. Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Wusterhausen, Germany. Abstract Bovine besnoitiosis, an economically important disease in cattle in some countries of Africa and Asia, is emerging in Europe. The definitive host of Besnoitia besnoiti, the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis, is unknown and the transmission of the parasite is not completely understood. Sensitive and quantitative DNA detection methods are needed to determine whether serologically positive animals are infectious and to examine the role of vectors (e.g. haematophagous insects) in the transmission of the parasite. To this end, we established two different 5'-nuclease quantitative assays to detect B. besnoiti infection in cattle and to estimate the parasite load in samples (BbRT1 and BbRT2). These PCRs are based on the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS-1) of the ribosomal RNA gene. Tests with serial dilutions of B. besnoiti genomic DNA in a buffer containing 100ng/μl bovine DNA revealed a detection limit of 0.01pg genomic B. besnoiti DNA. Reliable quantification was possible in samples containing ≥1pg B. besnoiti genomic DNA with a coefficient of variation of ≤2%. To estimate the diagnostic sensitivity of the tests, skin biopsies and scrapings from the mucous membrane of the vestibulum vaginae (vaginal scrapings) were taken from cattle with clinical signs of chronic besnoitiosis. Regardless of the real time PCR assay used, 90.7% (39/43) of these animals were positive in at least one of two samples (skin or vaginal scrapings). Antibody titers, as determined by an immunofluorescent antibody test, and the threshold cycle values of the real time PCR obtained for skin samples and vaginal scrapings, were significantly correlated. The specificity of the PCRs was confirmed using genomic DNA from related parasites, including genomic DNA of Besnoitia spp., Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia hammondi, Hammondia heydorni, Isospora spp., Sarcocystis spp., Eimeria bovis, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Since the sequence of the ITS-1 region of B. besnoiti is identical with that of Besnoitia species isolated from donkeys (Besnoitia bennetti), and reindeer (Besnoitia tarandi), both real time PCRs detected also DNA of these parasites. One of the B. besnoiti real time PCRs, BbRT1, but not BbRT2, cross-reacted with Besnoitia darlingi, Besnoitia oryctofelisi, and Besnoitia neotomofelis when large amounts of genomic DNA (10ng) were used. The other B. besnoiti real time PCR assay (BbRT2) was specific for B. besnoiti, B. bennetti and B. tarandi, but did not react when 10ng DNA of other related parasite species from the genus Besnoitia or other genera were subjected to analysis. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 21324596 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations

4.	Int J Immunogenet. 2011 Feb 16. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-313X.2011.00997.x. [Epub ahead of print] Allelic polymorphism of human FcγRIIA-H/R131 rec eptor in American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Oliveira CR, Pereira LI, Pereira AJ, Ferreira AA, Crespo AM, Silveira LA. Setor de Imunologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil Departamento de Medicina Tropical e Dermatologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO, Goiás, Brazil Hospital de Doenças Tropicais Anuar Auad, Goiânia-GO, Goiás, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Henrique Santillo, Anápolis-GO, Goiás, Brazil. Abstract FcγRIIA binding to IgG subclasses with different levels of affinity is influenced by the polymorphism in the gene that encodes this receptor. The substitution of arginine (R) for histidine (H) in the 131 position defines three allelic patterns, H/H, R/R, and H/R, resulting in FcγRIIA-H/H131 affinity for IgG2 and higher affinity for IgG3 subclasses. Studies have shown the importance of genetic host factors in leishmaniasis and participation of FcγRs on the macrophage infection by amastigote forms and in the immune response to Leishmania sp. We analysed the influence of allelic diversity patterns of the receptor FcγRIIA on American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). FcγRIIA-H/R131 polymorphism was determined by PCR followed by an allele-specific enzymatic digestion in 88 individuals with ATL and 98 healthy volunteer blood donors (control group). The genotypic and allelic distributions of FcγRIIA-H/R131 were similar among the studied groups as well in mild and severe clinical forms of ATL. Our results suggest no association between this allelic polymorphism and susceptibility or resistance to ATL, neither influencing the development of different clinical forms of this illness. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
	PMID: 21324097 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations

5.	Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011 Feb 16. [Epub ahead of print] An Iron-Superoxide Dismutase Antigen-Based Serological Screening of Dogs Indicates Their Potential Role in the Transmission of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis an d Trypanosomiasis in Yucatan, Mexico. Longoni SS, Marín C, Sauri-Arceo CH, López-Cespedes A, Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Villegas N, Escobedo-Ortegón J, Barrera-Pérez MA, Bolio-Gonzalez ME, Sánchez-Moreno M. 1 Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain . Abstract Abstract An increasing number of studies have reported high infection rates for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in dogs, which have thus been proposed as the reservoir host. Canine leishmaniasis is widespread in different states in Mexico, where a number of Leishmania species have been isolated from dogs. In the present study, the detection of different Leishmania species is described in stray dogs from two localities, namely Tulum and Celestún on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). The use of iron-superoxide dismutase excreted by the parasites as the antigen fraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot tests allowed us to confirm the presence of at least three species of Leishmania (Le. mexicana, Le. braziliensis, and Le. panamensis), some of which are reported for the first time in this species. In addition to a high prevalence of Le. mexicana and Le. braziliensis, and to a lesser degree, Le. panamensis, there is a significant prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi, suggesting that the dog may be a source of transmission of trypanosomiasis. However, a more thorough epidemiological study on the dog population, both wild as well as urban, of the Yucatan Peninsula will be required to design a control strategy for these diseases, paying particular attention to the population affected and even broadening the study to other Mexican states as well as neighboring countries. These results again confirm that iron-superoxide dismutase excreted by the different trypanosomatid species constitutes a good source of antigen for serodiagnosis in epidemiological studies.
	PMID: 21323424 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
	Related citations

6.	Trends Parasitol. 2010 Dec;26(12):557-8. Evolution of dyskinetoplastic trypanosomes: how, and how often? Schnaufer A. Comment on: Trends Parasitol. 2010 Sep;26(9):424-7. PMCID: PMC2932643 [Available on 2011/12/1]
	PMID: 20801716 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
	Related citations

7.	Trends Parasitol. 2010 Dec;26(12):561-7. Epub 2010 Aug 12. Is SELDI-TOF a valid tool for diagnostic biomarkers? Ndao M, Rainczuk A, Rioux MC, Spithill TW, Ward BJ. National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. momar.ndao@mcgill.ca Abstract The genome revolution is providing fresh insights into host and parasite genomes, and new tools are becoming available for examining host-parasite interactions at the proteome level. Technologies such as surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) can be applied to discover biomarkers (alterations in both host and parasite proteomes) associated with parasitic diseases. Such biomarkers can represent host proteins, fragments of host proteins or parasite proteins that appear in body fluids or tissues following infection. Individual biomarkers or biomarker patterns not only have diagnostic utility (e.g. in active disease, prognosis, tests of cure) but can also provide unique insights into the mechanisms underlying host responses and pathogenesis. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 20708969 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
	Related citations