What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 10 of 13

1.	Planta Med. 2011 Mar 7. [Epub ahead of print] Antiparasitic and Antimicrobial Indolizidines from the Leaves of Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa* Rahman AA, Samoylenko V, Jacob MR, Sahu R, Jain SK, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Muhammad I. National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA. Abstract A new indolizidine alkaloid, named Δ(1,6)-juliprosopine ( 1), together with previously known indolizidine analogs ( 2- 6), was isolated from the leaves of PROSOPIS GLANDULOSA var. GLANDULOSA, collected from Nevada, USA; while two other known indolizidines, juliprosopine ( 6) and juliprosine ( 7), were isolated from P. GLANDULOSA leaves collected in Texas, USA. The structures of compound 1 and 7 were determined using a combination of NMR and MS techniques. Compound 7 exhibited potent antiplasmodial activity against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM D6 and W2 strains with IC (50) values of 170 and 150 ng/mL, respectively, while 1 was found to be less active (IC (50) values 560 and 600 ng/mL, respectively). Both compounds were devoid of VERO cells toxicity up to a concentration of 23 800 ng/mL. The antileishmanial activity of indolizidines was evaluated against LEISHMANIA DONOVANI promastigotes, axenic amastigotes, and amastigotes in THP1 macrophage cultures. When tested against macrophage cultures, the tertiary bases ( 1, 3, 6) were found to be more potent than quaternary salts ( 2, 5, 7), displaying IC (50) values between 0.8-1.7 µg/mL and 3.1-6.0 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, compound 7 showed potent antifungal activity against CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS and antibacterial activity against MYCOBACTERIUM INTRACELLULARE, while 1 was potent only against C. NEOFORMANS and weakly active against other organisms. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
	PMID: 21384317 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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2.	Bioinformation. 2011 Jan 22;5(8):320-5. A gp63 based vaccine candidate against Visceral Leishmaniasis. Sin ha S, Sundaram S, Singh AP, Tripathi A. Center for Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India-211002. Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis is a macrophage associated disorder which leads to a profound decrease in the natural immunotherapeutic potential of the infected subjects to combat the disease. The major surface glycoprotein gp63 has been found to be a significant vaccine candidate against visceral leishmaniasis. The current study addresses the levels of similarity and identity in the gp63 obtained from different species of Leishmania viz donovoni, chagasi and infantum linked to the cause of visceral leishmaniasis. The results from BLAST, Phylogram and Cladogram studies indicate significant identity, similarity and conservation of important residues in the protein which lead us to conclude that a common gp63 based vaccine can be used as a therapeutical tool against visceral leishmaniasis caused by different species strains of leishmania.
	PMID: 21383918 [PubMed - in process]
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3.	Microbes Infect. 2011 Mar 4. [Epub ahead of print] Multilocus microsatellite typing revealed high gen etic variability of Leishmania donovani strains isolated during and after a Kala Azar epidemic in Libo Kemkem District, Northwest Ethiopia. Gelanew T, Cruz I, Kuhls K, Alvar J, Cañavate C, Hailu A, Schönian G. Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Dorotheenstraße 96, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Abstract In 2004, an outbreak of kala-azar (KA) occurred for the first time in Libo Kemkem district, in the highland area of northwest Ethiopia. In order to track the possible origins of the outbreak parasites, we have investigated 19 strains of Leishmania donovani that were collected during (n=6) and after (n=13) the outbreak by using 14 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Unique microsatellite profiles were obtained for all strains from Libo Kemkem. When compared to those of L. donovani strains from different Ethiopian, Kenyan and Sudanese foci, by genetic distance and Bayesian clustering model analyses, most strains from Libo Kemkem grouped with strains from: (i) Humera and Metema in the lowlands and Belessa in the highland of Ethiopia, and (ii) Sudan, at different hierarchal levels. The strains from Libo Kemkem district were assigned at least to three genetically distinct clusters (A, B1 and B2) of which only one, cluster B2, consisted exclusively of strains from Libo Kemkem. The fact that most of the outbreak strains were found to be related to strains from well-known KA foci in northwest Ethiopia and Sudan might suggest multiple introductions of L. donovani strains from these foci into Libo Kemkem district. Copyright © 2011 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 21382503 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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4.	Microbes Infect. 2011 Mar 4. [Epub ahead of print] Phlebotomus Sergenti (Parrot, 1917) Identified As Leishmania Killicki Host In Ghardaïa, South Algeria. Boubidi SC, Benallal K, Boudrissa A, Bouiba L, Bouchareb B, Garni R, Bouratbine A, Ravel C, Dvorak V, Votypka J, Volf P, Harrat Z. Service d'Eco-Epidemiologie Parasitaire, Institut Pasteur, Algiers, Algeria. Abstract Since 2005, an outbreak of human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ghardaïa, south Algeria, was studied and one output of these investigations was the identification of two Leishmania species, L. major and L. killicki, as the CL causative agents. In the present study, we were curious to focus on sand fly fauna present in this area and detection of Leishmania-positive sand fly females. Sand flies (3717) were collected during two seasons using sticky papers and CDC light traps in urban, rural and sylvatic sites. Twelve Phlebotomus species were identified. Phlebotomus papatasi was dominant in the urban site while P. sergenti and P. riouxi/chabaudi were dominant in the sylvatic site. Out of 74 P. sergenti females captured by CDC light traps in the sylvatic site populated by Ghardaïas' Gundi (Massoutiera mzabi), three ones were hosting Leishmania promastigotes. PCR-RFLP and sequencing of seven single-copy coding DNA sequences identified the promastigotes as L. killicki. Furthermore, laboratory experiments revealed that L. killicki isolate sampled from a CL patient inhabiting the studied region develop well in P. sergenti females. Our findings strongly suggest that the human cutaneous leishmaniases caused by L. killicki is a zoonotic disease with P. sergenti sand flies acting as hosts and vectors and gundi rodents as reservoirs. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier SAS.
	PMID: 21382502 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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5.	Dermatol Online J. 2011 Feb 15;17(2):9. Granulomatous rosacea: Unusual presentation as solitary plaque. Batra M, Bansal C, Tulsyan S. Abstract A 45-year-old male presented with a 6 month history of an enlarging smooth, erythematous plaque over the central part of his face. Mild erythema of both eyes was present. Sarcoidosis, Hansen disease, lupus vulgaris, cutaneous leishmaniasis, pseudolymphoma, foreign body granuloma, granuloma faciale, discoid lupus erythematosus, and granulomatous rosacea were considered in the differential diagnosis. CBC, urinalysis, renal function tests, liver function tests, serum electrolytes, and blood sugar were all normal. Chest X-ray and ECG revealed no abnormality. Serology for syphilis and HIV, and mantoux test were negative. Slit-skin smear, tissue smear and culture for AFB and fungi were negative. Skin biopsy revealed multiple non-caseating epitheloid granulomas around the pilosebaceous unit suggestive of granulomatous rosacea. Granulomatous rosacea, a rare entity comprising only about 10 percent of cases of rosacea can mimic many granulomatous conditions both clinically and histologically making the diagnosis an enigma. It usually presents as yellowish brown-red discrete papules on the face; non-caseating epithelioid granulomas are seen on histology examination. We herein report the case because it presented in atypical fashion, as a solitary indurated plaque on the nose, likely representing Morbihan's disease or solid persistent facial edema of rosacea (rosacea lymphedema).
	PMID: 21382292 [PubMed - in process]
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6.	J Org Chem. 2011 Mar 8. [Epub ahead of print] Synthesis of Oligo(alpha-D-Glycosyl Phosphate) Derivatives by a Phosphoramidite Method via Boranophosphate Intermediates. Fujita S, Oka N, Matsumura F, Wada T. Abstract An efficient method for the synthesis of oligo(alpha-D-glycosyl boranophosphate) derivatives by using an alpha-D-glycosyl phosphoramidite as a monomer unit was developed. The synthesis of oligomers was carried out by repeating a cycle consisting of the condensation of the monomer unit with a terminal hydroxy group of carbohydrates, boronation of the resultant phosphite intermediates, and terminal deprotection. The phosphoramidite monomer unit was synthesized from the corresponding glycosyl iodide and methyl N,N-diisopropylphosphonamidate in a highly alpha-selective manner. The oligo(alpha-D-glycosyl boranophosphate) derivatives obtained by the synthetic cycle were converted into the corresponding oligo(alpha-D-glycosyl H-phosphonate diester) derivatives, which were then used to synthesize oligo(alpha-D-glycosyl phosphate) derivatives including a fragment of Leishmania glycocalyx lipophosphoglycans.
	PMID: 21381786 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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7.	Clin Exp Immunol. 2010 Dec;162(3):528-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04270.x. Epub 2010 Oct 21. Captopril increases the intensity of monocyte infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and i nduces human T helper type 17 cells. Coelho dos Santos JS, Menezes CA, Villani FN, Magalhães LM, Scharfstein J, Gollob KJ, Dutra WO. Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Abstract The anti-hypertensive drug captopril is used commonly to reduce blood pressure of patients with severe forms of Chagas disease, a cardiomyopathy caused by chronic infection with the intracellular protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Captopril acts by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), the vasopressor metallopeptidase that generates angiotensin II and promotes the degradation of bradykinin (BK). Recent studies in mice models of Chagas disease indicated that captopril can potentiate the T helper type 1 (Th1)-directing natural adjuvant property of BK. Equipped with kinin-releasing cysteine proteases, T. cruzi trypomastigotes were shown previously to invade non-professional phagocytic cells, such as human endothelial cells and murine cardiomyocytes, through the signalling of G protein-coupled bradykinin receptors (B(2) KR). Monocytes are also parasitized by T. cruzi and these cells are known to be important for the host immune response during infection. Here we showed that captopril increases the intensity of T. cruzi infection of human monocytes in vitro. The increased parasitism was accompanied by up-regulated expression of ACE in human monocytes. While T. cruzi infection increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 by monocytes significantly, compared to uninfected cells, T. cruzi infection in association with captopril down-modulated IL-10 expression by the monocytes. Surprisingly, studies with peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed that addition of the ACE inhibitor in association with T. cruzi increased expression of IL-17 by CD4(+) T cells in a B(2) KR-dependent manner. Collectively, our results suggest that captopril might interfere with host-parasite equilibrium by enhancing infection of monocytes, decreasing the expression of the modulatory cytokine IL-10, while guiding development of the proinflammatory Th17 subset. © 2010 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Immunology © 2010 British Society for Immunology. PMCID: PMC3026556 [Available on 2011/12/1]
	PMID: 20964644 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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8.	Int J Parasitol. 2010 Dec;40(14):1685-92. Epub 2010 Aug 13. Colombian Trypanosoma cruzi major genotypes c irculating in patients: minicircle homologies by cross-hybridization analysis. González CI, Ortiz S, Solari A. Grupo de Inmunología y Epidemiología Molecular, GIEM, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. Abstract Here we present compelling evidence of Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes infecting 77 human cases of Chagas disease in Santander Department of Colombia. The patients were clinically studied and classified according to the presence of cardiac symptoms. We describe the distribution of the major T. cruzi genotypes circulating in this area by means of direct PCR analysis of blood samples. PCR was directed to minicircles and amplified DNAs were hybridized using genotype-specific DNA probes. These samples were previously genotyped with miniexon, 24 α rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) markers. Minicircle DNA analyses were more sensitive than miniexon, 24 α rRNA and CO II genes in detecting infective T. cruzi II (Tc II). Two Tc II genotypes were identified by hybridization using two complementary DNA probes in 27.3% of the patients, with 15.3% using all three markers. These corresponded to 10 cases genotyped only by hybridization. The lineage Tc I, determined by hybridization, was the most prevalent singly or combined with different genotypes (72.7%), and at least three different T. cruzi genotypes were identified. Attempts to find two T. cruzi genotypes Tc I and Tc II in other endemic areas of Colombia revealed that one similar to the most prevalent Tc I genotype was detected in distant geographical areas. A similar Tc II genotype was found in Bolivia and Chile, revealing the great distribution of some ancestral T. cruzi genotypes. We did not detect any association between infective Tc I and Tc II lineages and the severity of the patients' cardiac symptoms. Copyright © 2010 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 20709067 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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9.	Int J Parasitol. 2010 Dec;40(14):1599-607. Epub 2010 Jul 27. Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes in different geographical regions and transm ission cycles based on a microsatellite motif of the intergenic spacer of spliced-leader genes. Cura CI, Mejía-Jaramillo AM, Duffy T, Burgos JM, Rodriguero M, Cardinal MV, Kjos S, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Blanchet D, De Pablos LM, Tomasini N, da Silva A, Russomando G, Cuba CA, Aznar C, Abate T, Levin MJ, Osuna A, Gürtler RE, Diosque P, Solari A, Triana-Chávez O, Schijman AG. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, INGEBI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Abstract The intergenic region of spliced-leader (SL-IR) genes from 105 Trypanosoma cruzi I (Tc I) infected biological samples, culture isolates and stocks from 11 endemic countries, from Argentina to the USA were characterised, allowing identification of 76 genotypes with 54 polymorphic sites from 123 aligned sequences. On the basis of the microsatellite motif proposed by Herrera et al. (2007) to define four haplotypes in Colombia, we could classify these genotypes into four distinct Tc I SL-IR groups, three corresponding to the former haplotypes Ia (11 genotypes), Ib (11 genotypes) and Id (35 genotypes); and one novel group, Ie (19 genotypes). Genotypes harbouring the Tc Ic motif were not detected in our study. Tc Ia was associated with domestic cycles in southern and northern South America and sylvatic cycles in Central and North America. Tc Ib was found in all transmission cycles from Colombia. Tc Id was identified in all transmission cycles from Argentina and Colombia, including Chagas cardiomyopathy patients, sylvatic Brazilian samples and human cases from French Guiana, Panama and Venezuela. Tc Ie gathered five samples from domestic Triatoma infestans from northern Argentina, nine samples from wild Mepraia spinolai and Mepraia gajardoi and two chagasic patients from Chile and one from a Bolivian patient with chagasic reactivation. Mixed infections by Tc Ia+Tc Id, Tc Ia+Tc Ie and Tc Id+Tc Ie were detected in vector faeces and isolates from human and vector samples. In addition, Tc Ia and Tc Id were identified in different tissues from a heart transplanted Chagas cardiomyopathy patient with reactivation, denoting histotropism. Trypanosoma cruzi I SL-IR genotypes from parasites infecting Triatoma gerstaeckeri and Didelphis virginiana from USA, T. infestans from Paraguay, Rhodnius nasutus and Rhodnius neglectus from Brazil and M. spinolai and M. gajardoi from Chile are to our knowledge described for the first time. Copyright © 2010 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 20670628 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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10.	Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2010 Dec;10(10):977-88. Epub 2010 May 19. Sleeping sickness in southeastern Uganda: a spatio-temporal analy sis of disease risk, 1970-2003. Berrang-Ford L, Berke O, Sweeney S, Abdelrahman L. Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. lea.berrangford@mcgill.ca Abstract Sleeping sickness is a major threat to human health in sub-Saharan Africa. Southeastern Uganda has experienced a number of significant epidemics in the past 100 years, most recently from 1976 to 1989. Recent and continued spread of the disease has highlighted gaps in the ability of current research to explain and predict the distribution of infection. Vegetation cover and changes in vegetation may be important determinants of transmission and disease risk because of the habitat preferences of the tsetse fly vector. This study examines the determinants of sleeping sickness distribution and incidence in southeastern Uganda from 1970 to 2003, spanning the full epidemic region and cycle, and focusing in particular on vegetation cover and change. Sleeping sickness data were collected from records of the Ugandan Ministry of Health, individual sleeping sickness treatment centers, and interviews with public health officials. Vegetation data were acquired from satellite imagery for four dates spanning the epidemic period, 1973, 1986, 1995, and 2001. Zero-inflated regression models were used to model predictors of disease presence and magnitude. Correlations between disease incidence and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at the subcounty level were evaluated. Results indicate that sleeping sickness infection is predominantly associated with proximity to water and spatial location, while disease incidence is highest in subcounties with moderate to high NDVI. The vegetation density (NDVI) at which sleeping sickness incidence peaked differed throughout the study period. The optimal vegetation density capable of supporting sleeping sickness transmission may be lower than indicated by data from endemic regions, indicating increased potential for disease spread under suitable conditions.
	PMID: 20482341 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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