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Sent on Tuesday, 2011 Mar 15Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Med Parazitol (Mosk). 2010 Oct-Dec;(4):19-22.[Investigations on leishmaniases at the E.I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine].[Article in Russian] [No authors listed]AbstractThe paper assesses the investigations on leishmaniases at the E.I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine in 1920 to 2009. The analysis includes papers on biology, ecology, taxonomy, and experimental transmission of the agents of leishmaniases via the bites of sand flies, the principle in the control of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) during the agricultural development of extensive territories in the Karshin steppe, on quantitative approaches in the epidemiology of ZCL, a search for Russian effective medicaments to treat patients with this disease and the development of criteria for selecting L. major strains for individual and mass vaccinations against ZCL, the revision of Leishmania circulating in great gerbil populations, and the description of the new species L. turanica, an important parasite for L. major persistence from one transmission season to the next. The first investigations on leishmaniasis were made by Prof. E.I. Martsinovsky, the founder and the first director of the Institute in the early 20th century. |
| PMID: 21400708 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 2. | Trop Biomed. 2010 Dec;27(3):657-61.Antileishmanial activity of drug infused mini-agar plates on Leishmania donovani promastigotes.Muniaraj M, Sinha PK, Das P.Centre for Research in Medical Entomology, (Indian Council of Medical Research), No. 4, Sarojini Street, China Chokkikulam, Madurai - 625002, India. AbstractDrug infused mini agar plates were found to be a better alternative of broth dilution method in the determination of antileishmanial susceptibility of two commonly used drugs, Sodium antimony gluconate and Amphotericin B against Leishmania donovani promastigotes. These two drugs were used here as models for antileishmanial compounds. The stability of the drugs in the stored agar plates was also tested for six months and found that they were same as fresh plates. Determination of antileishmanial susceptibility of Leishmania donovani promastigotes to compounds of screening by this method is quite inexpensive, simple to perform even in under-sophisticated laboratories of developing countries where the disease is endemic. |
| PMID: 21399608 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 3. | Trop Biomed. 2010 Dec;27(3):639-50.Immunization against leishmaniasis by PLGA nanospheres loaded with an experimental autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) and Quillaja saponins.Tafaghodi M, Eskandari M, Kharazizadeh M, Khamesipour A, Jaafari MR.Nanotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran. AbstractImmune responses against the Leishmania antigens are not sufficient to protect against a leishmania challenge. Therefore these antigens need to be potentiated by various adjuvants and delivery systems. In this study, Poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanospheres as antigen delivery system and Quillaja saponins (QS) as immunoadjuvant have been used to enhance the immune response against autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM). PLGA nanospheres were prepared by a double-emulsion (W/O/W) technique. Particulate characteristics were studied by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. Mean diameter for nanospheres loaded with ALM+QS was 294 ± 106 nm. BALB/c mice were immunized three times in 3-weeks intervals using ALM plus QS loaded nanospheres [(ALM+QS)PLGA], ALM encapsulated with PLGA nanospheres [(ALM)PLGA], (ALM)PLGA + QS, ALM + QS, ALM alone or PBS. The intensity of infection induced by L. major challenge was assessed by measuring size of footpad swelling. The strongest protection, showed by significantly (P<0.05) smaller footpad, were observed in mice immunized with (ALM)PLGA. The (ALM+QS)PLGA group showed the least protection and highest swelling, while the (ALM)PLGA+QS, ALM+QS and ALM showed an intermediate protection with no significant difference. The mice immunized with ALM and ALM+QS showed the highest IgG2a/IgG1 ratio (P<0.01), followed by (ALM)PLGA+QS. The highest IFN-γ and lowest IL-4 production was seen in (ALM)PLGA+QS, ALM+QS groups. The highest parasite burden was observed in (ALM)PLGA+QS and (ALM+QS)PLGA groups. It is concluded that PLGA nanospheres as a vaccine delivery system could increase the protective immune responses, but QS adjuvant has a reverse effect on protective immune responses and the least protective responses were seen in the presence of this adjuvant. |
| PMID: 21399606 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 4. | Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Feb 26. [Epub ahead of print]Synthesis of benzologues of Nitazoxanide and Tizoxanide: A comparative study of their in vitro broad-spectrum antiprotozoal activity.Navarrete-Vazquez G, Chávez-Silva F, Argotte-Ramos R, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez MD, Chan-Bacab MJ, Cedillo-Rivera R, Moo-Puc R, Hernández-Nuñez E.Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico. AbstractWe have synthesized two new benzologues of Nitazoxanide (NIT) and Tizoxanide (TIZ), using a short synthetic route. Both compounds were tested in vitro against six protozoa (Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Plasmodium berghei, Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma cruzi). Compound 1 (benzologue of NIT) showed broad antiprotozoal effect against all parasites tested, showing IC(50)'s<5μM. This compound was five-times more active than NIT, and 18-times more potent than metronidazole against G. intestinalis. It was 10-times more active than pentamidine against L. mexicana, and it was sevenfold more potent than benznidazole versus T. cruzi. This compound could be considered as a new broad spectrum antiprotozoal agent. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 21397502 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 5. | Exp Parasitol. 2011 Mar 8. [Epub ahead of print]Trypanosoma brucei: Two mitogen activated protein kinase kinases are dispensable for growth and virulence of the bloodstream form.Jensen BC, Kifer CT, Parsons M.Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109 USA. AbstractMitogen activated protein kinase cascades function in eukaryotic responses to the environment and stress. Trypanosomatid parasites possess protein kinases with sequences characteristic of kinases in such cascades. In this report we use gene knockouts to demonstrate that two mitogen activated kinase kinase genes, MKK1 (Tb927.3.4860) and MKK5 (Tb927.10.5270), are not essential in the pathogenic bloodstream stage of Trypanosoma brucei, either in vitro or in vivo. Bloodstream forms lacking MKK1 showed decreased growth at 39°C as compared to the parental line. However, unlike its Leishmania orthologue, T. brucei MKK1 does not appear to play a significant role in flagellar biogenesis. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
| PMID: 21396364 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 6. | Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2011 Mar;105(2):163-76.The sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in military camps in northern Afghanistan (2007-2009), as identified by morphology and DNA 'barcoding'.Krüger A, Strüven L, Post RJ, Faulde M.Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Tropical Medicine Branch, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany. Abstract<title/> As part of a continuous, standardized programme of monitoring the Leishmania vectors in German military camps in northern Afghanistan between 2007 and 2009, a detailed taxonomic analysis of the endemic sandfly fauna, as sampled using light and odour-baited traps, was conducted. Of the 10 sandfly species that were recorded, six may serve as enzootic and/or zooanthroponotic vectors of parasites causing human leishmaniasis. The use of a simple DNA-'barcoding' technique based on the mitochondrial cyt b gene, to identify the collected sandflies to species level, revealed (1) a clear discrimination between the potential vector species, (2) clustering of species within most subgenera, and (3) particularly high heterogeneity within the subgenus Paraphlebotomus (Phlebotomus alexandri being grouped with Ph. papatasi rather than with other Paraphlebotomus species). The data also indicate a high level of genetic heterogeneity within the subgenus Sergentomyia but close similarity between Sergentomyia sintoni and Sergentomyia murgabiensis. The morphological similarity of many medically important sandflies can make species identification difficult, if not impossible. The new DNA-barcoding techniques may provide powerful discriminatory tools in the future. |
| PMID: 21396252 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 7. | Med Parazitol (Mosk). 2010 Oct-Dec;(4):34-6.[Current epidemiology of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Republic of Uzbekistan].[Article in Russian] [No authors listed]AbstractIt has been established that the Republic of Uzbekistan is divided into two strata by the epidemic risk for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL). The distribution of ZCL endemicity in Urbekistan coincides with that of great gerbils (Rhombomys opimus), the main natural reservoir of leishmaniasis pathogens. In the past 34 years, there have been 8 epidemiological rises in the incidence of ZCL, which are associated with a large number of great gerbils and Ph. papatasis mosquitoes providing the epidemiological process. |
| PMID: 21395042 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 8. | Med Parazitol (Mosk). 2010 Oct-Dec;(4):29-34.[Milestones and major results of studies on leishmaniasis and sand fly fevers in Turkmenistan].[Article in Russian] [No authors listed]AbstractAmong the countries endemic for tropical diseases, Turkmenistan along with Uzbekistan has a special role to play in having basic scientific knowledge of leishmaniasis. This article summarizes the principal scientific findings in the course of the 20th century in respect of leishmaniasis and sand fly fevers. The most important results of studies on cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis are cited. The role of different researchers in the epidemiology, epizootology, natural focality of these diseases, their clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are described in detail. The paper gives information obtained by the latest studies on the etiology of leishmaniasis. The most important publications on this topic are assessed. Particular emphasis is laid on the results of the Anti-Leishmaniasis Expedition carried out by the researchers of the E.I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine to the Tedjen oasis of Turkmenistan. |
| PMID: 21395041 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 9. | Am J Hematol. 2011 Feb;86(2):187. doi: 10.1002/ajh.21923. Epub 2010 Dec 16.Diagnosis of beta thalassemia major from bone marrow morphology.Abdulsalam AH, Sabeeh N, Bain BJ.Al-yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Teaching Laboratories Department, Baghdad, Iraq. |
| PMID: 21264901 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 10. | Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2010 Sep;105(6):834-7.Differential tissue tropism of Trypanosoma cruzi strains: an in vitro study.< /a>Andrade LO, Galvão LM, Meirelles Mde N, Chiari E, Pena SD, Macedo AM.Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. luoandrade@gmail.com AbstractWe have previously demonstrated selection favoring the JG strain of Trypanosoma cruzi in hearts of BALB/c mice that were chronically infected with an equal mixture of the monoclonal JG strain and a clone of the Colombian strain, Col1.7G2. To evaluate whether cell invasion efficiency drives this selection, we infected primary cultures of BALB/c cardiomyocytes using these same T. cruzi populations. Contrary to expectation, Col1.7G2 parasites invaded heart cell cultures in higher numbers than JG parasites; however, intracellular multiplication of JG parasites was more efficient than that of Col1.7G2 parasites. This phenomenon was only observed for cardiomyocytes and not for cultured Vero cells. Double infections (Col1.7G2 + JG) showed similar results. Even though invasion might influence tissue selection, our data strongly suggest that intracellular development is important to determine parasite tissue tropism. |
| PMID: 20945002 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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