What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Friday, 2011 Apr 08
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 6 of 6

1.	Planta Med. 2011 Apr 6. [Epub ahead of print] Cytotoxic and Anti-infective Phenolic Compounds Isolated from Mikania decora and Cremastosperma microcarpum. Aponte JC, Jin Z, Vaisberg AJ, Castillo D, Málaga E, Lewis WH, Sauvain M, Gilman RH, Hammond GB. Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. Abstract An anticancer-bioassay guided isolation of the ethanol extract and fractions of two plants from the Peruvian rainforest, MIKANIA DECORA and CREMASTOSPERMA MICROCARPUM, led to the characterization of one abundant diterpene, ENT-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid ( 1), three thymol derivatives, 10-acetoxy-8,9-dehydro-6-methoxythymol butyrate ( 2), 10-acetoxy-8,9-epoxy-6-methoxythymol isobutyrate ( 3), and acetylschizoginol ( 4), as well as one neolignan, (±)- TRANS-dehydrodiisoeugenol ( 5). Only the latter was isolated from C. MICROCARPUM. These compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against a panel of human tumor cell lines. Compounds 3 and 4 were also investigated for their IN VITRO antileishmanial and trypanocidal activity against LEISHMANIA AMAZONENSIS axenic amastigotes and TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI trypomastigotes. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
	PMID: 21472652 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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2.	Cell Physiol Biochem. 2011;27(3-4):411-20. Epub 2011 Apr 1. Functional Characterization of Three Aquaglyceroporins from Trypanosoma brucei in Osmoregulation and Glycerol Transport. Bassarak B, Uzcátegui NL, Schönfeld C, Duszenko M. Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. Abstract Previous studies using bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei have shown that glycerol transport in this parasite occurs via specific membrane proteins, namely a glycerol transporter and glycerol channels [1]. Later, we cloned, expressed and characterized the transport properties of all three aquaglyceroporins (AQP1-3) [2], which were found permeable for water, glycerol and other small uncharged solutes like dihydroxyacetone [3]. Here, we report on the cellular localization of TbAQP1 and TbAQP3 in bloodstream form trypanosomes. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that TbAQP1 is exclusively localized in the flagellar membrane, whereas TbAQP3 was found in the plasma membrane.In addition, we analyzed the functions of all 3 AQPs, using an inducible inheritable double-stranded RNA interference methodology. All AQP knockdown cell lines were still able to survive hypo-osmotic stress conditions, except AQP2 knockdown parasites. Depleted TbAQP2 negatively impacted cell growth and the regulatory volume recovery, whereas AQP1 und 3 knockdown trypanosomes displayed phenotypes consistent with their localization in external membranes. A simultaneous knockdown of all 3 AQPs showed that the cells were able to substitute the missing glycerol uptake capability through a putative glycerol transporter. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.
	PMID: 21471730 [PubMed - in process]
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3.	J Immunol. 2011 Apr 6. [Epub ahead of print] CD40-Modulated Dual-Specificity Phosphatases MAPK Phosphatase (MKP)-1 and MKP-3 Reciprocally Regulate Leishmania major Infection. Srivastava N, Sudan R, Saha B. National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India. Abstract The macrophage-expressed CD40 regulates immune responses to Leishmania major infection by reciprocal signaling through p38 MAPK and ERK1/2. CD40-induced IL-10 or IL-12 plays crucial roles in the promotion or protection from L. major infection, respectively. Because p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 are dephosphorylated by dual-specificity MAPK phosphatases (MKPs), we tested the role of CD40 in the regulation of MKPs in L. major infection. MKP-1 expression and activity increased whereas MKP-3 expression and activity decreased in virulent L. major-infected macrophages. CD40 differentially regulated the expression and activity of MKP-1 and MKP-3, which, in turn, reciprocally regulated CD40-induced p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and effector functions in macrophages. Triptolide, an inhibitor of MKP-1 expression, and lentivirally expressed MKP-1 short hairpin RNA enhanced CD40-induced anti-leishmanial functions and significantly protected susceptible BALB/c mice from L. major infection. Similarly, lentivirally overexpressed MKP-3 significantly reduced disease progression and parasite burden in susceptible BALB/c mice. Thus, to our knowledge, our data show for the first time that CD40 reciprocally regulates MKP-1 and MKP-3 expression and activity while the MKPs contribute to the reciprocal CD40 signaling-regulated anti-leishmanial functions. The findings reveal a novel parasite-devised immune evasion strategy and an effective target to redirect CD40-regulated immune responses.
	PMID: 21471446 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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4.	Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011 Apr 6. [Epub ahead of print] Trans-sialidase neutralizing antibodies detection in Trypanosoma cruzi infected domestic reservoirs. Sartor PA, Cardinal MV, Orozco MM, Gürtler RE, Leguizamón MS. Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Paraguay 2155 (1121), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Güiraldes 2160 (1428), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Abstract The detection of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in domestic dogs and cats is relevant to evaluate human transmission risks and the effectiveness of the insecticide spraying campaigns. However, serological assays routinely used, presents cross-reactivity in sera from mammals infected with Leishmania spp. We employed trans-sialidase inhibition assay (TIA) for T. cruzi diagnosis in 199 dogs and 57 cats serum samples from endemic areas. TIA is based on the antibody neutralization of recombinant trans-sialidase, an enzyme that is not detected in the co-endemic Leishmania spp. or T. rangeli parasites. T. cruzi infection was also evaluated by CS (indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunochromatographic dipstick test) and xenodiagnosis. Sera from 30 dogs and 15 cats from non-endemic areas and 5 dogs with visceral leishmaniasis were non-reactive by TIA and CS. Samples from dogs and cats showed 91% and 95% of co-positivity between TIA and CS whereas co-negativity was 98% and 97%, respectively. Sera from xenodiagnosis-positive dogs and cats also reacted by TIA (co-positivity 97% and 83%, respectively). TIA was reactive in 3 CS-negative samples and was able to resolve results in two cats serum samples that were CS-inconclusive. Our study is the first to describe the development of trans-sialidase neutralizing antibodies in naturally-infected dogs and cats. High co-negativity with CS, the absence of trans-sialidase neutralization in dog sera from non-endemic areas and from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis supports TIA specificity. TIA assay may be a useful tool for T. cruzi detection in the main domestic reservoirs.
	PMID: 21471302 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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5.	J Neurol Sci. 2011 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print] Polysomnography as a diagnosis and post-treat ment follow-up tool in human African trypanosomiasis: A case study in an infant. Mpandzou G, Cespuglio R, Ngampo S, Bandzouzi B, Bouteille B, Vincendeau P, Buguet A. Service de neurologie, CHU de Brazzaville, boulevard Maréchal Lyautey n° 13, B.P. 32, Brazzaville, Congo. Abstract Gambian (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) evolves from the hemolymphatic stage 1, treated with pentamidine, to the meningoencephalitic stage 2, often treated with melarsoprol. This arseniate may provoke a deadly reactive encephalopathy. It is therefore crucial to diagnose precisely the stages of HAT, especially when clinical and biological examinations are doubtful. We present here the case of a 30-month old girl (E20 KOLNG) diagnosed with stage 1 HAT during a field survey in June 2007 in Congo. She was followed-up every six months for 18months in a village dispensary facility at Mpouya. Her health status deteriorated in December 2008, although cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) count was normal. The child was hospitalized at Brazzaville and a daytime polysomnographic recording (electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, and electromyogram) was performed (Temec Vitaport 3® portable recorder) to avoid a new lumbar puncture. The child presented a complete polysomnographic syndrome of HAT with a major disturbance of the distribution of sleep and wake episodes and the occurrence of sleep onset REM periods (SOREMPs). The relapse at stage 2 was confirmed by a new CSF examination that showed an elevated WBC count (23cells·μL(-1)) with the presence of B lymphocytes. Melarsoprol treatment was undertaken. A post-treatment recording was immediately performed, showing the resolution of sleepwake pattern abnormalities. Another polysomnography, taken four months later, confirmed the normalization of sleep-wake patterns indicating healing. We therefore propose that polysomnography, being a non-invasive technique, should be used in children to alleviate burden caused by HAT staging procedures, especially regarding lumbar punctures in remote African villages. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 21470639 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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6.	Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2011 Jan;42(1):83-93. Studies of phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) populations in limestone areas and caves of western Malaysia. Shahar MK, Hassan AA, Lee HL, Salmah MR. Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. khadri@imr.gov.my Abstract Phlebotomine sand flies were collected using CO2 baited CDC light trap in 2000 and 2001 in limestone areas and caves of western Malaysia. A total of 1,548 specimens were collected comprising 18 species from two genera: Phlebotomus (6 spp) and Sergentomyia (12 spp). Phlebotomus major major (38.9%) was the predominant species followed by Sergentomyia perturbans (20.1%), P. stantoni (15.3%) and others. Biting activity of the sand flies at the Gua Senyum caves, Gua Kota Gelanggi, Batu caves and Gua Kelam were observed using the bare leg landing catch (BLC) technique. Four Phlebotomus spp at Gua Senyum were found to bite humans with a unimodal biting peak (between 01:00 and 04:00 AM). At Gua Kota Gelanggi P. major major was observed to bite humans, but at Batu Caves and Gua Kelam no sand flies were observed to bite humans. Sergentomyia spp did not feed on humans even though high numbers were caught in light traps. The populations of phleobotomine sand flies fluctuated, with several peaks especially among P. major major which peaked in December and was low in February and August. Phlebotomus stantoni was abundant throughout 2001. Most species populations were weakly related to rainfall because they inhabited caves.
	PMID: 21323169 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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