What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Tuesday, 2011 Apr 12
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 4 of 4

1.	Chem Biodivers. 2011 Apr;8(4):658-667. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201000216. Composition, and Antimicrobial and Remarkable Antiprotozoal Activities of the Essential Oil of Rhizomes of Aframomum sceptrum K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae). Cheikh-Ali Z, Adiko M, Bouttier S, Bories C, Okpekon T, Poupon E, Champy P. Chimie des substances naturelles et chimiothérapie antiparasitaire, CNRS UMR 8076 BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, (phone: +33-146835639). Abstract The essential oil from the rhizomes of Aframomum sceptrum (Zingiberaceae) was analyzed by GC/MS, and its major constituents were found to be β-pinene (12.7%), caryophyllene oxide (10.0%), and cyperene (6.0%). The oil was also evaluated for antimicrobial activities, in comparison with β-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, and the leaf essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae). The A. sceptrum essential oil exhibited bacteriostatic activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and S. aureus, but not against Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, it showed mild fungicidal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigates, and remarkable antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (MLC of 1.51 μl/ml) and Trichomonas vaginalis (IC(50) of 0.12±0.02 and MLC of 1.72 μl/ml). Copyright © 2011 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.
	PMID: 21480511 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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2.	Chem Biodivers. 2011 Apr;8(4):614-623. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201000331. In vitro Evaluation of Antileishmanial Activity and Toxicity of Essential Oils of Artemisia absinthium and Echinops kebericho. Tariku Y, Hymete A, Hailu A, Rohloff J. Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia. Abstract Potential toxicity, costs, and drug-resistant pathogens necessitate the development of new antileishmanial agents. Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute a major source of natural organic compounds. In this study, essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L. and Echinops kebericho Mesfin were investigated by GC and GC/MS analyses. Isolated oils were screened for antileishmanial activity against two Leishmania strains (L. aethiopica and L. donovani), and toxicity on the human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell line and red blood cells in vitro. GC/MS Analysis revealed 65 compounds (93.74%) for Artemisia absinthium and 43 compounds (92.85%) for Echinops kebericho oil. The oils contained the oxygenated monoterpene camphor (27.40%) and the sesquiterpene lactone dehydrocostus lactone (41.83%) as major constituents, respectively. Both oils showed activity against promastigote (MIC 0.0097-0.1565 μl/ml) and axenic amastigote forms (EC(50) 0.24-42.00 nl/ml) of both leishmania species. Weak hemolytic effect was observed for both oils, showing a slightly decreased selectivity index (SI 0.8-19.2) against the THP-1 cell line. Among the two oils tested, E. kebericho exerted strong antileishmanial activity that was even higher than that of amphotericin B with significant cytotoxicity. This study, therefore, demonstrated the potential use of both oils as source of novel agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Copyright © 2011 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.
	PMID: 21480507 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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3.	J Cell Biochem. 2011 Apr 7. doi: 10.1002/jcb.23138. [Epub ahead of print] DNA repair ber pathway inhibition increases cell death caused by oxidative DNA damage in Trypanosoma cruzi. Cabrera G, Barría C, Fernández C, Sepúlveda S, Valenzuela L, Kemmerling U, Galanti N. Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. gcabrera@med.uchile.cl. Abstract Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasitic protozoan, is the etiological agent of Chagas' disease, an endemic and neglected pathology in Latin America. It presents a life cycle that involves a haematophagous insect and man as well as domestic and wild mammals. The parasitic infection is not eliminated by the immune system of mammals; thus the vertebrate host serves as a parasite reservoir. Additionally, chronic processes leading to dysfunction of the cardiac and digestive systems are observed. To establish a chronic infection some parasites should resist the oxidative damage to its DNA exerted by oxygen and nitrogen free radicals (ROS/RNS) generated in host cells. To date there are no reports directly showing oxidative DNA damage and repair in T. cruzi. We establish that ROS/RNS generate nuclear and kinetoplastid DNA damage in T. cruzi that may be partially repaired by the parasite. Furthermore, we determined that both oxidative agents diminish T. cruzi cell viability. This effect is significantly augmented in parasites subsequently incubated with methoxyamine, a DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway inhibitor, strongly suggesting that the maintenance of T. cruzi viability is a consequence of DNA repair mechanisms. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
	PMID: 21480362 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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4.	Parasitol Res. 2011 Apr 9. [Epub ahead of print] An immunohistochemical study in cases with usual and unusual clinicopathological findings of canine visceral leishmaniosis. Toplu N, Aydogan A. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, 09016-Isikli, Aydin, Turkey, nihattoplu@hotmail.com. Abstract The present study describes pathologic findings and immunohistochemical diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in 22 dogs who died naturally in the Aegean region of Turkey. At necropsy, lymphadenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic, and nephrosclerotic lesions were conspicuous. Histopathologically, chronic inflammatory reactions of the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, and skin were marked findings. Cytological and histological examinations showed macrophages loaded with Leishmania amastigotes in these organs. Immunohistochemistry revealed that immunolabeling of amastigotes and/or parasite antigen, especially in the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, and skin, and occasionally, in the kidneys, intestines and lungs. Our laboratory results showed that immunohistochemistry should be included, along with cytological and histological examinations, in the diagnosis of CVL.
	PMID: 21479577 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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