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Sent on Saturday, 2011 Apr 23Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Vet Parasitol. 2011 Mar 31. [Epub ahead of print]Acute phase protein response in experimental canine leishmaniosis.Martinez-Subiela S, Strauss-Ayali D, Cerón JJ, Baneth G.SourceAnimal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain. AbstractAcute phase proteins (APPs) have been proposed as useful markers for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of dogs infected by Leishmania infantum. However, the kinetics and behavior of these proteins in canine leishmaniosis is still unknown. The aim of this study was to monitor the kinetics of APPs in dogs experimentally infected with L. infantum, before, during and after therapy against canine leishmaniosis. Levels of serum haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein from 6 infected beagles, positive by both PCR and parasite culture, were monitored for 7 months post-infection. The dogs were then treated for 3 months with allopurinol (20mgmg/kg/day PO), and their response to therapy was followed for 11 additional months. Levels of Immunoglobulins G and M were recorded during these 21 months and compared. Experimental infection with L. infantum amastigotes induced an increase in all APPs studied which was statistically significant 2 months after infection for all proteins. Clinical recovery was accompanied by a significant decrease of all APPs 1 month after the beginning of treatment. However, differences were found between the APPs in both magnitude and duration of serum level elevations. The increase in total IgG and IgM was delayed in comparison to APPs and contrarily to the APPs, these immunoglobulins did not significantly decrease with treatment. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that APPs could be used as early markers for disease as well as for monitoring the response to treatment in canine leishmaniosis. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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| 2. | Vet Parasitol. 2011 Mar 31. [Epub ahead of print]Morphology and growth characteristics of cultured Leptomonas ctenocephali from Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) of dogs in Brazil.de Avelar DM, Melo MN, Linardi PM.SourceDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. AbstractTo confirm the taxonomic identification of a trypanosomatid found in the hindgut, rectum and Malpighian tubules of dog fleas captured in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between April and November of 2005, 910 specimens of Ctenocephalides felis felis were removed from street dogs and dissected, and isolates from their digestive tracts were cultivated in NNN-alpha-MEM medium. Four different morphological forms were observed in culture: long, slender, twisted promastigotes with a long flagellum; short, stubby, non-twisted promastigotes; rounded amastigotes; and cyst-like bodies. Twisted and non-twisted promastigotes were frequently seen forming rosettes, and these two forms presented significant differences (P<0.01) in terms of their morphological characteristics. Unlike the promastigote forms observed throughout the culture period, rounded amastigotes were seen only in the lag phase, and the cyst-like bodies were only seen in the decline phase. The trypanosomatid DNA obtained from the culture was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and found to be negative for Leishmania infantum chagasi. Based on the growth pattern, morphological parameters and molecular analysis, the flagellates were confirmed to be Leptomonas ctenocephali. The significance of this infection for animals is also commented. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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| 3. | J Comp Pathol. 2011 Apr 19. [Epub ahead of print]Cytokine Gene Expression in the Tissues of Dogs Infected by Leishmania in fantum.Barbosa MA, Alexandre-Pires G, Soares-Clemente M, Marques C, Rodrigues OR, De Brito TV, Da Fonseca IP, Alves LC, Santos-Gomes GM.SourceUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Avenida Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. AbstractCanine leishmaniosis (CanL) caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum is a chronic systemic disease that is endemic in certain parts of the world. The domestic dog is the most important reservoir of L. infantum and is the main source of infection for other animals and for the human population. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the level of expression of genes encoding particular cytokines (interleukin [IL]-12, interferon [IFN]-γ, IL-2 and IL-4) in different tissues and organs of 53 adult dogs with or without clinical signs of leishmaniosis and after treatment for the disease. Asymptomatic dogs showed high expression of genes encoding IL-4 in blood leucocytes and of genes encoding IL-12 and IL-2 in lymph nodes. Blood leucocytes from symptomatic dogs had a mixed Th1 and Th2 cytokine gene expression profile, but lymph nodes from these animals had dominant IL-2 and IFN-γ gene expression, while bone marrow appeared to be unresponsive. The predominance of IL-4 gene expression in the blood of asymptomatic dogs may favour parasite replication, while the balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokine gene expression in the blood of symptomatic dogs may be important in reducing parasite replication and delaying the dissemination of Leishmania to other organs. The drugs used to treat CanL do not completely eliminate the parasite, so the high expression of the gene encoding IL-4 in blood leucocytes and the high expression of IL-12 and IL-4 mRNA in lymph nodes may reflect the persistence of residual Leishmania amastigotes. L. infantum appears able to regulate the host immune response in order to ensure its survival, but also to prevent the host from succumbing to infection. This guarantees its transmission and the completion of its life cycle. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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| 4. | Infect Genet Evol. 2011 Apr 12. [Epub ahead of print]Guns, germs and dogs: On the origin of Leishmania chagasi.Leblois R, Kuhls K, François O, Schönian G, Wirth T.SourceMuséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR-CNRS 7205, Laboratoire Origine Structure Evolution de la Biodiversité, 16 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR CBGP, INRA, IRD, Cirad, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. AbstractThe evolutionary history of Leishmania chagasi, the aetiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis in South America has been widely debated. This study addresses the problem of the origin of L. chagasi, its timing and demography with fast evolving genetic markers, a suite of Bayesian clustering algorithms and coalescent modelling. Here, using 14 microsatellite markers, 450 strains from the Leishmania donovani complex, we show that the vast majority of the Central and South American L. chagasi were nested within the Portuguese Leishmania infantum clade. Moreover, L. chagasi allelic richness was half that of their Old World counterparts. The bottleneck signature was estimated to be about 500 years old and the settlement of L. chagasi in the New World, probably via infected dogs, was accompanied by a thousand-fold population decrease. Visceral leishmaniasis, lethal if untreated, is therefore one more disease that the Conquistadores brought to the New World. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
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| 5. | Exp Parasitol. 2011 Apr 12. [Epub ahead of print]Leishmania tropica: The effect of darkness and light on biological activities in vitro.Allahverdiyev AM, Koc RC, Ates SC, Bagirova M, Elcicek S, Oztel ON.SourceYildiz Technical University, Department of Bioengineering, 34201 Istanbul, Turkey. AbstractLeishmania parasites can be exposed to effects of light in their vectors and hosts, at various periods. However, there is no information about the effects of light on Leishmania parasites. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of light on various cell parameters of Leishmania tropica, in vitro. All experiments were conducted on L. tropica promastigotes and amastigote-macrophage cultures, using flow cytometric analysis, MTT and phenol-sulfuric acid assay, DAPI and Giemsa. The results showed that the morphology of parasites has changed; the cell cycle has been affected and this caused parasites to remain at G0/G1 phase. Furthermore the proliferation, infectivity, glucose consumption and mitochondrial dehydrogenase activities of parasites were decreased. Thus, for the first time, in this study, the effects of light on biological activities of Leishmania parasites were shown. These new information about parasites' biology, would be very important to investigate the effects of light on the parasites in infected vectors and hosts. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
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