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Sent on Saturday, 2011 Jun 18Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Acta Med Iran. 2011 Mar;49(3):136-41.Comparison of leishmanin skin test and direct smear for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.Hashemi SN, Mohebali M, Mansouri P, Bairami A, Hajjaran H, Akhoundi B, Charehdar S.SourceDepartment of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AbstractCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in some parts of Iran and it has high morbidity in some areas of the country. The disease is detected by parasitological examinations including direct microscopic and culture tests. This comparative study aimed to evaluate the relationship between positivity of the leishmanin skin test (LST), microscopically examination and clinical forms of CL for the diagnosis of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study was performed on 66 patients suspected to cutaneous leishmaniasis. CL cases evaluated by both microscopical examination and leishmanin skin test. In this study, 1 ml of leishmanin fluid (lot no 121/1, produced in Pasteur institute of Iran) was injected intradermally in forearms of all patients and indurations were measured after 72hours. Induration of 5 mm and higher was considered as positive results. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS version 13.5. From 66 CL patients who were evaluated in this study, 30 (45.5%) of them had positive microscopically results while 28(42/4%) of them had showed positive leishmanin skin test (≥5mm diameter). From 36 (54.5%) patients who had negative microscopical examination, only 6(16/6%) of them had positive leishmanin skin test. The agreement between two tests was 87.9 % by kappa analysis (p< 0.01). In attention to the results of this study, it seems the LST would be used as an alternative diagnosis method when there is a strong clinical doubt to cutaneous leishmaniasis even there is no parasite in direct smear. |
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| 2. | Microbiology. 2011 Jun 16. [Epub ahead of print]Exclusion of synaptotagmin V at the phagocytic cup by the Leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan resul ts in decreased promastigote internalization.Vinet AF, Jananji S, Turco SJ, Fukuda M, Descoteaux A.SourceINRS- Institut Armand-Frappier; AbstractRegulators of membrane fusion play an important role in phagocytosis as they regulate the focal delivery of endomembrane which is required for optimal internalization of large particles. During internalization of Leishmania promastigotes, the surface glycolipid lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is transferred to the macrophage membrane and modifies its fusogenic properties. In this study, we investigated the impact of LPG on the recruitment of the exocytosis regulator synaptotagmin V (Syt V) at the area of internalization and on the early steps of phagocytosis. Using L. donovani LPG-defective mutants and LPG-coated particles, we established that LPG reduces the phagocytic capacity of macrophages and we showed that it causes exclusion of Syt V from the nascent phagosome. Silencing of Syt V inhibited phagocytosis to the same extent than LPG, and these effects were not cumulative, consistent with a Syt V-dependent mechanism for the inhibition of phagocytosis by LPG. Previous work revealed that LPG-mediated exclusion of Syt V from phagosomes prevent recruitment of the vacuolar ATPase and acidification. Thus, whereas exclusion of Syt V from forming phagosomes may be beneficial for the creation of an hospitable intracellular niche, it reduces the phagocytic capacity of macrophages. We propose that the cost associated with a reduced internalization rate may be compensated by increased survival and could lead to a greater overall parasite fitness. |
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| 3. | Acta Trop. 2011 Jun 6. [Epub ahead of print]Importance of worldwide asymptomatic carriers o f Leishmania infantum (L. chagasi) in human.Michel G, Pomares C, Ferrua B, Marty P.SourceUniversité de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice F-06107 Cedex 2, France; Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France; INSERM, U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la relation hôte pathogènes, Nice F-06204 Cedex 3, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nice F-06202 Cedex 3, France. AbstractLeishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) infection is a zoonotic disease present mainly in Mediterranean basin, central Asia and Brazil. Besides a limited number of human cases of clinical visceral leishmaniasis, a great number of infections remains asymptomatic. In this review, the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers of L. infantum was evaluated worldwide using parasitological methods or indirect testing such as a skin test or serology. The consequences of the presence of asymptomatic carriers on parasite transmission by blood donation or the development of clinical visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompromised individuals and its possible role as reservoir are discussed. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
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| 4. | Acta Trop. 2011 Jun 7. [Epub ahead of print]Improved treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) by using combination of ketoconazole, miltefosine with an immunomodulator-Picroliv.Shakya N, Sane SA, Vishwakarma P, Bajpai P, Gupta S.SourceDivision of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, UP, India. AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by the parasite Leishmania donovani, is a potentially fatal disease. It is characterized by prolonged fever, enlarged spleen and liver, substantial weight loss and progressive anemia. Available drugs are toxic, costly and require prolonged treatment duration viz; 28 days of oral treatment with miltefosine, 30 days infusion with Amphotericin B and 21 days intramascular with paromomycin sulfate. Drug combination for VL clinically proved to shorten the duration of treatment. The efficacy of drugs is also compromised due to suppression of immune function during the course of infection. To combat this situation leishmanicidal efficacy of already marketed standard antifungal drug, ketoconazole under the approach of 'therapeutic switching' in combination with standard antileishmanial drug, miltefosine and a potent immunomodulator agent, picroliv were evaluated in L. donovani/hamsters model. Animals treated with combination of ketoconazole (50mg/kg, 5 days, po)+miltefosine (5mg/kg, 5 days, po) showed augmentation in efficacy against leishmania parasite (72%) in comparison to those treated with ketoconazole (54.67%) and miltefosine (54.77%) separately. Co-administration of picroliv (10mg/kg, 12 days, po) has further enhanced antileishmanial efficacy from 72% to 82%. Significant generation of ROS, RNS and H(2)O(2) and increased phagocytosis was observed in animals treated with ketoconazole+miltefosine; however, addition of picroliv to this combination did not alter the level of metabolites and phagocytosis due to its antioxidative and nonleishmanicidal characteristics, respectively. Significant rise in cell mediated immunity witnessed in this group reveals the role played by the immunomodulator, picroliv and justifies the significance of enhanced cell mediated immunity in the therapy. These findings suggest a new strategy for leishmanial chemotherapy at reduced cost and toxicity. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
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| 5. | Parasitology. 2011 Jun 17:1-9. [Epub ahead of print]CrATP interferes in the promastigote-macrophage interaction in Leishmania amazonensis infection.Ennes-Vidal V, Castro RO, Britto C, Barrabin H, D'Avila-Levy CM, Moreira OC.SourceLaboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. AbstractSUMMARYRecent have shown the relationship between Ecto-Nucleoside-Triphosphate-Diphosphohydrolases (Ecto-NTPDases or ecto-nucleotidases) and virulence and infectivity in trypanosomatids. In this work, the inhibition of the ecto-ATPase activities and promastigote growth of Leishmania amazonensis by CrATP was characterized. Furthermore, this compound was used to investigate the role of ecto-nucleotidase in the interaction of L. amazonensis with resident peritoneal macrophages obtained from BALB/c mice. CrATP partially inhibits the ecto-ATPase activity, presenting Ki values of 575·7±199·1 and 383·5±79·0 μm, in the presence or absence of 5 mm MgCl2, respectively. The apparent Kms for ATP (2·9±0·5 mm to Mg2+-dependent ecto-ATPase and 0·4±0·2 mm to Mg2+-independent ecto-ATPase activities) are not significantly altered by CrATP, suggesting a reversible non-competitive inhibition of both enzymes. When CrATP was added to the cultivation medium at 500 μm, it drastically inhibited the cellular growth. The interaction of promastigote forms of L. amazonensis with BALB/c peritoneal macrophages is strongly affected by CrATP. When the parasites were treated with 500 μm CrATP before interacting with macrophages, the adhesion and endocytic indices were strongly reduced to 53·0±14·8% and 39·8±1·1%, respectively. These results indicate that ecto-nucleotidase plays an important role in the infection process caused by Leishmania amazonensis. |
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| 6. | Clin Exp Dermatol. 2011 Jul;36(5):569-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04122.x.Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: a summarised Cochrane review.[No authors listed] |
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| 7. | Parasite. 2011 May;18(2):171-9.Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense "forest type" and T. simiae: prevalence in domestic animals of sleeping sickness foci of Cameroon.Nimpaye H, Njiokou F, Njine T, Njitchouang GR, Cuny G, Herder S, Asonganyi T, Simo G.SourceLaboratoire de Biologie Générale, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Animales, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Yaoundé I, BP 812, Yaoundé, Cameroun. AbstractIn order to better understand the epidemiology of Human and Animal trypanosomiasis that occur together in sleeping sickness foci, a study of prevalences of animal parasites (Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense "forest type", and T. simiae) infections was conducted on domestic animals to complete the previous work carried on T. brucei gambiense prevalence using the same animal sample. 875 domestic animals, including 307 pigs, 264 goats, 267 sheep and 37 dogs were sampled in the sleeping sickness foci of Bipindi, Campo, Doumé and Fontem in Cameroon. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method was used to identify these trypanosome species. A total of 237 (27.08%) domestic animals were infected by at least one trypanosome species. The prevalence of T. vivax, T. congolense "forest type" and T. simiae were 20.91%, 11.42% and 0.34% respectively. The prevalences of 7 vivax and T. congolense "forest type" differed significantly between the animal species and between the foci (p < 0.0001); however, these two trypanosomes were found in all animal species as well as in all the foci subjected to the study. The high prevalences of 7 vivax and T congolense "forest type" in Bipindi and Fontem-Center indicate their intense transmission in these foci. |
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| 8. | Parasite. 2011 May;18(2):115-9.Sitamaquine as a putative antileishmanial drug candidate: from the mechanism of action to the risk of drug resistance.Loiseau PM, Cojean S, Schrével J.SourceGroupe Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire, UMR 8076 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud 11, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France. philippe.loiseau@u-psud.fr AbstractSitamaquine is a 8-aminoquinoline in development for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis by oral route, no activity being observed on the experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis experimental models. Recent data explain how sitamaquine accumulate in Leishmania parasites, however its molecular targets remain to be identified. An advantage of sitamaquine is its short elimination half-life, preventing a rapid resistance emergence. The antileishmanial action of its metabolites is not known. The selection of a sitamaquine-resistant clone of L. donovani in laboratory and the phase II clinical trials pointing out some adverse effects such as methemoglobinemia and nephrotoxicity are considered for a further development decision. |
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| 9. | Int J Parasitol. 2011 Mar;41(3-4):405-16. Epub 2010 Dec 23.Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase plays a differential role in DNA damage-response and cell death pathways in Trypanosoma cruzi.Vilchez Larrea SC, Alonso GD, Schlesinger M, Torres HN, Flawiá MM, Fernández Villamil SH.SourceInstituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina. AbstractPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) are the enzymes responsible for poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymer metabolism and are present in most higher eukaryotes. The best understood role of PARP is the maintenance of genomic integrity either via promotion of DNA repair at low levels of genotoxic stress or via promotion of cell death at higher levels of damage. The unicellular eukaryote Trypanosoma cruzi, as opposed to humans and other organisms, has only one PARP (TcPARP) and one PARG (TcPARG). In the present study we show that under different DNA-damaging agents (H(2)O(2) or UV-C radiation) TcPARP is activated and translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus, while TcPARG always shows a nuclear localisation. Parasites in the presence of PARP or PARG inhibitors, as well as parasites over-expressing either TcPARP or TcPARG, suggested that PAR metabolism could be involved in different phases of cell growth, even in the absence of DNA damage. We also believe that we provide the first reported evidence that different proteins could be poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated in response to different stimuli, leading to different cell death pathways. Copyright © 2010 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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| 10. | Vox Sang. 2008 Oct;95(3):189-96.Trans-sialidase inhibition assay for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in blood donor sampl es from Argentina.Blejer JL, Sartor PA, Bottasso O, Salamone HJ, Leguizamón MS.SourceTransfusional Medicine Center, Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina. AbstractBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Conventional serology tests for Trypanosoma cruzi blood banks screening are neither sensitive nor specific enough, and currently no gold standard assay is available. Trans-sialidase inhibition assay (TIA) detects neutralizing antibodies against T. cruzi trans-sialidase. Conventional serology inconclusive, positive and negative blood donor samples were evaluated by employing TIA as a supplementary test. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Three hundred and twenty-one blood donor samples were tested using a combination of assays. Based on the results of testing, these were divided into a number of groups. All samples were tested by TIA. RESULTS:In conventional serology inconclusive samples 48.1% were TIA-positive, 1/54 conventional serology positive samples was TIA-negative. All negative samples from donors without epidemiological risks were TIA-negative; 1/48 was positive in those with epidemiological risk. CONCLUSION:Trans-sialidase inhibition assay application in blood banks may be useful to resolve inconclusive samples, and thus improves donor counseling and allows individual re-entry. The use of TIA in samples from negative conventional test donors but positive epidemiological antecedents may contribute to decrease transfusional risk. |
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