What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Thursday, 2011 Jun 30
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 4 of 4

1.	Adv Exp Med Biol. 2011;702:39-49. The exosomes of trypanosomes and other protists. Clayton C, Estevez A. Source Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany, cclayton@zmbh.uni-heidelberg.de. Abstract The archaeal exosome contains three heterodimeric RNase PH subunits, forming a hexamer with RNase activity; on top sits a trimer of two different SI domain proteins. In animals and yeast, six different, but related subunits form the RNase PH-like core, but these lack enzyme activity; there are three different Si-domain proteins and enzyme activity is provided by the endo/exonuc lease Rrp44 or-mainly in the nuclear exosome-the Rnase D enzyme Rrp6. Trypanosomes diverged from yeast and mammals very early in eukaryotic evolution. The trypanosome exosome is similar in subunit composition to the human exosome, but instead of being an optional component, trypanosome RRP6 is present in the nucleus and cytoplasm and is required for exosome stability. As in human cells and yeast, the trypanosome exosome has been shown to be required for processing and quality control of rRNA and to be involved in mRNA degradation. Electron microscopy results for a Leishmania exosome suggest that RRP6 is located on the side of the RnasePH ring, interacting with several exosome core proteins. Results of a search for exosome subunits in the genomes of widely diverged protists revealed varied exosome complexity; the Giardia exosome may be as simple as that of Archaea.
	PMID: 21713676 [PubMed - in process]

2.	Clin Exp Med. 2011 Jun 29. [Epub ahead of print] Significance of persistence of antibodies against Leishmania infantum in sicilian patients affected by acute visceral leishmaniasis. Mansueto P, Pepe I, Seidita A, Scozzari F, Vitale G, Arcoleo F, Elvira I, Cillari E, Rini GB, Napoli N, Di Rosa S, Mansueto S, Di Fede G. Source Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e delle Patologie Emergenti, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 141, 90146, Palermo, Italy, pamansu@unipa.it. Abstract The background of this article is as follows: Few data are available about the persistence of serum-specific IgG antibodies to L. infantum after acute VL. The objective of this article is to evaluate the persistence of antibodies against L. infantum in patients healed from acute VL, and the kinetic of the same antibodies observed in 2 cases of VL relapse and 2 cases of resistance to therapy. The methods which we used to obtain our objective are the following: 55 apparently immunocompetent, HIV-negative patients were examined for antibodies to L. infantum by IFAT over 14 years period, and we got the following results: Serum-specific IgG antibodies titers decrease slowly, but constantly. In the patients with a diagnosis of VL relapse, the kinetic of antibodies was characterized by an initial reduction, and a subsequent antibody levels rapidly increase, while in the patients with a clinical and parasitological diagnosis of VL not responding to specific therapy, we demonstrated persistent high level of antibodies to L. infantum. Finally, we conclude that specific antibodies to L. infantum might persist for many years, and decrease slowly, but steadily. The persistence of these specific antibodies is not related to poor therapeutic response or prognosis, but an acute increase in their levels might be a sentinel of a VL relapse, while persistence of high antibody levels could suggest a resistance to therapy.
	PMID: 21713520 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

3.	Biomedica. 2010 Sep;30(3):401-409. The salivary glands of two sand fly vectors of Leishmania: Lutzomyia migonei (França) and Lutzomyia ovallesi (Ortiz)(Diptera: Psychodidae). Nieves E, Buelvas N, Rondón M, González N. Source 1LAPEX-Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. Abstract Introduction. Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the intradermal inoculation of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) promastigotes together with saliva during the bite of an infected sand fly. Objective. The salivary glands were compared from two vector species, Lutzomyia ovallesi (Ortiz,1952) and Lutzomyia migonei (França,1920) (Diptera: Psychodidae). Material and methods. Protein profiles by SDS PAGE of salivary glands were compared among species as well as their development at several times post feeding. First, mice were immunized to salivary proteins by exposure to biting by L. ovallesi and of L. migonei. Antibodies in these mice against salivary gland-specific proteins were evaluated by immunoblotting. Results. No apparent change was revealed in the kinetic expression of salivary proteins induced by the different physiological states post feeding. Qualitative and quantitative variations were detected in16-18 polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 6 to 180 kDa. Species-specific proteins were demonstrated for L. migonei and L. ovallesi. In addition, antibodies against salivary gland specific proteins were found in mice immunized by the saliva of both species. Conclusion. Basic information was obtained concerning the nature of salivary gland proteins of L. migonei and L. ovallesi. This information helps to elucidate the role of salivary proteins and their potential as effective tools in screening risk factors in human and other vertebrate hosts.
	PMID: 21713342 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

4.	PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Jun;5(6):e1211. Epub 2011 Jun 21. Characterisation of the wildlife reservoir community for human a nd animal trypanosomiasis in the luangwa valley, zambia. Anderson NE, Mubanga J, Fevre EM, Picozzi K, Eisler MC, Thomas R, Welburn SC. Source Centre for Infectious Diseases, Division of Pathway Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Abstract BACKGROUND: Animal and human trypanosomiasis are constraints to both animal and human health in Sub-Saharan Africa, but there is little recent evidence as to how these parasites circulate in wild hosts in natural ecosystems. The Luangwa Valley in Zambia supports high densities of tsetse flies (Glossina species) and is recognised as an historical sleeping sickness focus. The objective of this study was to characterise the nature of the reservoir community for trypanosomiasis in the absence of influence from domesticated hosts. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A cross-sectional survey of trypanosome prevalence in wildlife hosts was conducted in the Luangwa Valley from 2005 to 2007. Samples were collected from 418 animals and were examined for the presence of Trypanosoma brucei s.l., T. b. rhodesiense, Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax using molecular diagnostic techniques. The overall prevalence of infection in all species was 13.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.71-17.57%). Infection was significantly more likely to be detected in waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) (Odds ratio [OR] = 10.5, 95% CI: 2.36-46.71), lion (Panthera leo) (OR = 5.3, 95% CI: 1.40-19.69), greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) (OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.41-15.41) and bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) (OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.51-13.56). Bushbucks are important hosts for T. brucei s.l. while the Bovidae appear the most important for T. congolense. The epidemiology of T. vivax was less clear, but parasites were detected most frequently in waterbuck. Human infective T. b. rhodesiense were identified for the first time in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and T. brucei s.l. in leopard (Panthera pardus). Variation in infection rates was demonstrated at species level rather than at family or sub-family level. A number of significant risk factors interact to influence infection rates in wildlife including taxonomy, habitat and blood meal preference. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Trypanosoma parasites circulate within a wide and diverse host community in this bio-diverse ecosystem. Consistent land use patterns over the last century have resulted in epidemiological stability, but this may be threatened by the recent influx of people and domesticated livestock into the mid-Luangwa Valley.
	PMID: 21713019 [PubMed - in process]