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Sent on Wednesday, 2011 Jul 13Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2010 Aug;52(4):193-6.Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples.Figueiredo FB, Madeira MF, Nascimento LD, Abrantes TR, Mouta-Confort E, Passos SR, Schubach TM.SourceLaboratório de Pesquisa ClÃnica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto de Pesquisa ClÃnica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. AbstractThe Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends the culling and euthanasia of dogs with a positive serological test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). In the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the technique used for the diagnosis of CVL is the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using blood samples eluted on filter paper (eluate). A dog survey was conducted over a period of one year in the region of Carapiá, in order to evaluate the diagnosis of CVL in this region. All animals underwent clinical examination, and blood samples (serum and eluate) were collected for analysis by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and IFAT. A skin biopsy was obtained for parasitological examination (culture). A total of 305 animals were studied and Leishmania chagasi was isolated from nine animals. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.6% for ELISA, respectively, 100% and 65.5% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:40 dilution), 100% and 83.4% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:80 dilution), and 22.2% and 97.0% for eluate IFAT. In conclusion, ELISA was the best tool for the diagnosis of CVL among the serological techniques tested. The present results suggest the need for a better evaluation of filter paper IFAT as the only diagnostic method for CVL in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. |
| 2. | Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2010 Aug;52(4):187-91.Lutzomyia longipalpis behavior and control at an urban visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina.Santini MS, Salomón OD, Acardi SA, Sandoval EA, Tartaglino L.SourceCentro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Argentina, Argentina. AbstractDuring the earlier stages of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Posadas City, Misiones, both the night activity and attraction to humans of Lutzomyia longipalpis were assessed, in order to provide preliminary recommendations. The impact of peridomestic deltamethrin spraying performed by local officials was also evaluated. Although Lu. longipalpis were found in traps located over a dog the entire night, 90% of the females were captured from 20.30h to 1.30h, and only landed on a human when he was at a distance of 1.5 m from the dog. Peridomestic spraying of deltamethrin (25 mg/m²) reduced the sand fly capture up to seven days post-intervention without dispersion in the border of the sprayed areas. These results support the recommendations about time-space focus of the protection measures: first half of the night, in the backyard, with pets and domestic animals kept at least 5 m from humans. The deltamethrin as it was used did not seem very effective in this scenario; neither did the eventual use of bed nets, at least in adults, due to the place/hour of sand fly higher activity. This study strengthens the need for a multidisciplinary approach to develop prevention strategies based both on biological and anthropological studies. |
| 3. | Dermatol Res Pract. 2011;2011:269515. Epub 2011 Jul 6.Comparison of oral zinc sulfate with systemic meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.Yazdanpanah MJ, Banihashemi M, Pezeshkpoor F, Khajedaluee M, Famili S, Tavakoli Rodi I, Yousefzadeh H.SourceResearch Center for Skin Disease and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran. AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate comparison between oral zinc sulfate and meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). So 100 patients with CL were included and randomly divided into two groups. The first group was treated with oral zinc sulfate (10 mg/kg/day during 45 days period), and the second group was treated with systemic meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg/day intramuscularly for 20 days). Acceptable cure after completing 45 days of followup occurred in 30.2% of lesions in first group, while this was 35.5% for the second group. There is not any significant difference between the two treatment groups (P = 0.42). Serious side effects resulting in treatment discounting occurred in only meglumine antimoniate group. Although cure rate of systemic meglumine antimoniate group was better the treatment with zinc sulfate is much easier, cheaper, more convenient in consumption, safer, and nearly close cure percentage to systemic meglumine antimoniate injections without serious side effect. |
| 4. | Mar Drugs. 2011;9(6):922-33. Epub 2011 May 25.Antiprotozoal activities of organic extracts from French marine seaweeds.Vonthron-Sénécheau C, Kaiser M, Devambez I, Vastel A, Mussio I, Rusig AM.SourcePharmacognosie et Molécules Naturelles Bio-actives, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique UMR CNRS 7200, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch cedex, France. AbstractMarine macrophytes contain a variety of biologically active compounds, some reported to have antiprotozoal activity in vitro. As a part of a screening program to search for new natural antiprotozoals, we screened hydroalcoholic and ethyl acetate extracts of 20 species of seaweeds from three phyla (Rhodophyta, Heterokontophyta and Chlorophyta), sampled along the Normandy (France) coast. We tested them in vitro against the protozoa responsible for three major endemic parasitic diseases: Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma cruzi. The selectivity of the extracts was also evaluated by testing on a mammalian cell line (L6 cells). Ethyl acetate extracts were more active than hydroalcoholic ones. Activity against T. cruzi and L. donovani was non-existent to average, but almost half the extracts showed good activity against P. falciparum. The ethyl acetate extract of Mastocarpus stellatus showed the best antiplasmodial activity as well as the best selectivity index (IC(50) = 2.8 μg/mL; SI > 30). Interestingly, a red algae species, which shares phylogenetic origins with P. falciparum, showed the best antiplasmodial activity. This study is the first to report comparative antiprotozoal activity of French marine algae. Some of the species studied here have not previously been biologically evaluated. |
| 5. | Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 Jul 11. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2608. [Epub ahead of print]Leishmaniasis: complexity at the host-pathogen interface.Kaye P, Scott P.SourceCentre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO 10 5YW, UK. AbstractLeishmania is a genus of protozoan parasites that are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies and give rise to a range of diseases (collectively known as leishmaniases) that affect over 150 million people worldwide. Cellular immune mechanisms have a major role in the control of infections with all Leishmania spp. However, as discussed in this Review, recent evidence suggests that each host-pathogen combination evokes different solutions to the problems of parasite establishment, survival and persistence. Understanding the extent of this diversity will be increasingly important in ensuring the development of broadly applicable vaccines, drugs and immunotherapeutic interventions. |
| 6. | Medicina (B Aires). 2011;71(3):225-230.[Distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the Chaco region, Argentina, 2010.] [Article in Spanish] Salomón OD, Rosa JR, Fabiani M, San Miguel SR, Szelag EA, Nepote M, Parras MA.SourceInstituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones. AbstractThe appearance of the vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) Lutzomyia longipalpis in the province of Formosa in 2004 was associated with urban epidemic risk for the first time in Argentina. During 2006, vectors, canine and human cases of VL were reported in the province of Misiones, and in summer 2008-2009, in the province of Corrientes. In Santiago del Estero province in 2008, cases of human and canine VL were associated with secondary vectors. Therefore, with the aim to know the current distribution of VL risk in the Chaco region, systematic captures of the vector were performed between January and April 2010 in 30 localities of Formosa and Chaco, and in the city of Reconquista, province of Santa Fe (224 traps/night). Lu. longipalpis was reported for the first time in the cities of Resistencia and Puerto Antequera (Chaco). Clorinda and Puerto Pilcomayo (Formosa) are the localities where the traps with more individuals were obtained, 158 and 241 Lu. longipalpis trap / site / night respectively. These results showed that the vector of urban epidemic VL is still spreading in Argentina, and already reached the province of Chaco. Sporadic cases reported in the Chaco region, transmitted by secondary vectors as Lu. migonei would also increase due to intensified surveillance, and the dispersion of the parasite associated with the transit of asymptomatic or symptomatic infected dogs. |
| 7. | Rev Sci Tech. 2010 Dec;29(3):649-54.Seroepidemiological survey of trypanozoon infection in horses in the suspected dourine-infected Bale highlands of the Oromia region, Ethiopia.Hagos A, Degefa G, Yacob H, Fikru R, Alemu T, Feseha G, Claes F, Goddeeris BM.SourceAddis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Parasitology, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. hagos83@yahoo.com AbstractThis paper presents the results of a seroepidemiological survey of trypanozoon infection in horses carried out between September 2007 and June 2008. The survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of anti-trypanozoon antibodies in 880 serum samples collected randomly from selected horse-breeding districts of the Bale highlands of Ethiopia. The seroprevalence of trypanozoon infection was found to be 173 (19.66%) and 140 (15.91%) for the CATT/T. evansi and LATEX/T. evansi tests, respectively. The high seroprevalence of trypanozoon infection strongly indicates that the infection is endemic. Neither test can differentiate between anti-trypanozoon antibodies caused by infection with T. equiperdum (the causative agent of dourine) and those of T. evansi (the causative agent of surra). The findings of the present study suggest that field-applicable screening serological tests such as the CATT/T. evansi and LATEX/T. evansi could be useful for epidemiological studies and the control of trypanozoon infection. |
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| 8. | Rev Sci Tech. 2010 Dec;29(3):629-37.Parasitic zoonoses in India: an overview.Singh BB, Sharma R, Sharma JK, Juyal PD.SourceDepartment of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. AbstractParasitic zoonotic diseases are prevalent throughout India at varying rates. First reports of zoonotic parasites and new emerging diseases have been recorded in both the human and animal populations in recent decades. The prevalence of zoonotic parasites is likely to be an underestimate, owing to the lack of proper surveillance and the shortage of information about the existence of asymptomatic animal carriers. Emergence of diseases such as human echinococcosis/hydatidosis, neurocysticercosis, cryptosporidiosis and toxoplasmosis in those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, together with the re-emergence of cutaneous leishmaniosis, poses a serious threat in India and the prevention and control of these parasitic zoonoses, and others, is a great challenge. |
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| 9. | Rev Sci Tech. 2010 Dec;29(3):537-48.Canine leishmaniosis and euthanasia in Italy: a critical legal-ethical analysis.Passantino A, Russo M, Coluccio P.SourceDepartment of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy. passanna@unime.it AbstractThe increasing awareness that control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis (ZVL) depends on effective control of canine leishmaniosis has promoted research into leishmanial infection in dogs, but has also encouraged the indiscriminate elimination of seropositive dogs. Public health campaigns in various parts of the world (e.g. in Brazil and China) are designed to reduce the incidence of human ZVL by targeting/killing dogs. However, not all situations are the same; in Italy, for example, there would be little support for this type of control measure because attitudes towards animals are different. Moreover, research has suggested that the destruction of seropositive dogs is a relatively ineffective control measure. In this context, the authors reflect on some epidemiological, ethical and juridical aspects, aiming to contribute to the discussion and to find more feasible solutions. |
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| 10. | Int J Parasitol. 2011 Apr;41(5):553-62. Epub 2011 Jan 6.Modulation of inflammatory response and parasitism by 15-Deoxy-Î"(12,14) prostaglandin J(2) in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected cardiomyocytes.Hovsepian E, Mirkin GA, Penas F, Manzano A, Bartrons R, Goren NB.SourceCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina. AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi infection produces an intense inflammatory response in diverse tissues including the heart. The inflammatory reaction is critical for the control of the parasites' proliferation and evolution of Chagas disease. 15-Deoxy-Î"(12,14) prostaglandin J(2) (15dPGJ2) can repress the inflammatory response in many experimental models. However, the precise role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands in T. cruzi infection or in Chagas disease is poorly understood. This work reports the first evidence that 15dPGJ2 treatment increases the number of intracellular parasites as shown by fluorescence microscopy and it is also able to inhibit the expression and activity of different inflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2), matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) mRNA expression in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes after T. cruzi infection. Transfection of cardiomyocytes with small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces silencing of PPARγ and impairs the effects of 15dPGJ2 on the modulation of pro-inflammatory enzymes. Moreover, transfection restores the ability of these cells to control the intracellular growth of T. cruzi. We also found that PPARγ-independent pathways are involved, since 15dPGJ2 also exerts its effect through extracellular signal-regulated kinases-mitogen-activated protein kinase (Erk-MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). The use of specific pharmacological inhibitors confirmed these findings. Our data point out that 15dPGJ2 is a potent modulator of the inflammatory process and regulator of parasites growth through PPARγ-dependent and independent (Erk-MAPK- and NF-κB) pathways in T. cruzi infected neonatal cardiac cells. Copyright © 2011 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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