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Sent on Friday, 2011 Sep 30Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Phytother Res. 2011 Sep 23. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3651. [Epub ahead of print]Biological Activities of Xanthatin from Xanthium strumarium Leaves.Nibret E, Youns M, Krauth-Siegel RL, Wink M.SourceInstitut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie (IPMB), Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. AbstractThe objective of the present work was to evaluate the biological activities of the major bioactive compound, xanthatin, and other compounds from Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae) leaves. Inhibition of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and leukaemia HL-60 cell proliferation was assessed using resazurin as a vital stain. Xanthatin was found to be the major and most active compound against T. b. brucei with an IC(50) value of 2.63 µg/mL and a selectivity index of 20. The possible mode of action of xanthatin was further evaluated. Xanthatin showed antiinflammatory activity by inhibiting both PGE(2) synthesis (24% inhibition) and 5-lipoxygenase activity (92% inhibition) at concentrations of 100 µg/mL and 97 µg/mL, respectively. Xanthatin exhibited weak irreversible inhibition of parasite specific trypanothione reductase. Unlike xanthatin, diminazene aceturate and ethidium bromide showed strong DNA intercalation with IC(50) values of 26.04 µg/mL and 44.70 µg/mL, respectively. Substantial induction of caspase 3/7 activity in MIA PaCa-2 cells was observed after 6 h of treatment with 100 µg/mL of xanthatin. All these data taken together suggest that xanthatin exerts its biological activity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting both PGE(2) synthesis and 5-lipoxygenase activity thereby avoiding unwanted inflammation commonly observed in diseases such as trypanosomiasis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| 2. | Diagn Cytopathol. 2011 Sep 26. doi: 10.1002/dc.21812. [Epub ahead of print]Utility of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirati on in splenic lesions.Handa U, Tiwari A, Singhal N, Mohan H, Kaur R.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India. umahanda@hotmail.com. AbstractIndications of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of spleen have increased as more splenic lesions are detected because of advanced imaging techniques. A retrospective analysis of cytological material of 36 patients on whom ultrasound-guided splenic FNA was performed was done. No complications were noted. There were 16 inflammatory lesions, 12 neoplastic and 8 cases were reported as descriptive either because of scant cellularity, blood only, or normal splenic cytology. Inflammatory lesions included nine cases of acute abscess, five cases of tuberculosis, and one case each of leishmaniasis and infarct. Neoplastic lesions included two benign (benign cyst and inflammatory pseudotumor) and 10 malignant lesions. Among malignant lesions, eight were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), one suspicious of NHL, and one desmoplastic small round cell tumor. FNA proved to be an effective procedure for reaching a microscopic tissue diagnosis and thus a splenectomy could be avoided in cases where it was not required. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
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| 3. | J Dermatol. 2011 Sep 23. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01270.x. [Epub ahead of print]Cutaneous leishmaniasis in a Japanese r eturnee from West Africa successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B.Ono M, Takahashi K, Taira K, Uezato H, Takamura S, Izaki S.SourceDepartment of Dermatology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama Department of Dermatology, University of the Ryukyus, Graduate School of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan. AbstractLeishmaniasis has been occasionally reported in returnees from endemic areas. Here, we report a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a 33-year-old Japanese man who presented with a skin nodule after returning from an 8-year stay in West Africa including Burkina Faso. He was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B with no significant adverse effects. This is the first Japanese case of cutaneous leishmaniasis treated successfully with liposomal amphotericin B. © 2011 Japanese Dermatological Association. |
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| 4. | J Dermatol. 2011 Sep 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01269.x. [Epub ahead of print]Effectiveness of intralesional meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis of the Old World.Zaraa I, Karoui S, Osman AB.SourceDermatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia. |
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| 5. | Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2011 Oct;27(5):254-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00610.x.Successful treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with intralesional aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy.Evan gelou G, Krasagakis K, Giannikaki E, Kruger-Krasagakis S, Tosca A.SourceDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. AbstractLeishmaniasis is a protozoan infectious disease that often affects the skin and may acquire a chronic and difficult to treat course. Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel treatment which involves the selective uptake of a photosensitizing agent. Exposure to an appropriate light source in the presence of oxygen leads to formation of reactive oxygen species and destruction of the target cells. We report on the successful treatment of a 69-year-old patient with a relapse of long-standing cutaneous leishmaniasis using intralesional aminolevulinic acid-PDT. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. |
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| 6. | Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2011 Sep-Oct;124(9-10):411-8.Retrospective evaluation of laboratory data on canine vector-borne infections from the years 2004-2008.Röhrig E, Hamel D, Pfister K.SourceInstitute of Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany. AbstractThe detection and therapy of canine vector-borne diseases in imported dogs are of major importance in small animal practice. Over the last years, the import of dogs from the Mediterranean region and Southeast Europe has increased, countries often endemic for a variety of vector-borne diseases such as babesiosis, hepatozoonosis, leishmaniosis, dirofilariosis or ehrlichiosis. This retrospective study presents the evaluation of data from our diagnostic laboratory on vector-borne infections in imported dogs from the years 2004-2008. Specific antibodies were detectable in 20.5% of all samples with individual detection rates of 8.9%, 9.6% and 10.8% for Babesia canis ssp., Leishmania spp. and/or Ehrlichia canis. A total of 5.5% of all samples tested by direct methods were positive. Up to 1.1% of Giemsa-stained blood/buffy coat smears were positive for B. canis ssp., Rickettsia spp. or Hepatozoon spp. Microfilariae were detectable by the Knott's Test in 6.4% and heartworm antigen was detectable using the DiroChek-ELISA in 3% of the examined samples. EDTA-blood samples were positive for Leishmania spp.-(14.9%), E. canis- (5.3%) and A. phagocytophilum-DNA (5.0%) by PCR. Therewith, imported dogs have a high chance of being carriers of pathogens. As some diseases may also be of a zoonotic concern, in case of the availability of competent vectors, the key focus in the future should be aimed at the prevention of importing infected dogs or at compulsory diagnostic screening and treatment of infected dogs at the time of import. |
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| 7. | Invest Clin. 2011 Sep;52(3):216-29.[Determination of the specificity of seric IgA produced in response to antigens of Leishmania (leishmania) mexicana in murine leishmaniasis]. [Article in Spanish] Pérez-Aguilar MC, Hernández O, Maizo de Segnini Z, Rojas CH, Díaz S, Alarcón M, Goncalves L.SourceLaboratorio de Inmunología de Parasitosis (LABINPAR), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. AbstractIn experimental leishmaniasis, the role of antibodies is not entirely clear, as some authors consider that these proteins are not involved in protection against infection. However, histopathological studies in human and experimental leishmaniasis lesions, show plasma cell infiltrates positive for IgA and secretion of IgM, IgG and IgA could mediate the formation of immune complexes with parasite antigens or self components, favoring necrosis leading to the elimination of the parasite. In this study, we determined if the serum IgA in the murine model has specific reactivity against antigens of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana of diagnostic utility. To do this, we used mice either susceptible or resistant to cutaneous leishmaniasis, and demonstrated by indirect ELISA that serum IgA is elevated in susceptible mice compared with that produced by resistant mice. Although other studies in murine models show that the serum IgG from mice infected with L. (L) mexicana present cross reactivity with unrelated parasite antigens derived from Trypanosoma cruzi, the analysis of the specificity of IgA by antigens of L. (L) mexicana and T. cruzi, by Western Blot, showed that the IgA serum of mice infected with T. cruzi reacts too with antigens of L. (L) mexicana. These findings suggest that IgA may be useful for the clinical management and prognosis of the disease. |
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| 8. | Z Naturforsch C. 2011 Jul-Aug;66(7-8):360-6.Antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity of triterpene derivatives f rom latex of two Euphorbia species.Mazoir N, Benharref A, Bailén M, Reina M, González-Coloma A, Martínez-Díaz RA.SourceLaboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, Substances Naturelles et Réactivité (URAC 16), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia/Université Cadi Ayyad, BP. 2390 Marrakech, Morocco. AbstractThe in vitro activity on Leishmania infantum promastigotes and Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes of 25 semisynthetic terpenoid derivatives has been evaluated. These compounds were obtained through chemical modifications of the major components of Euphorbia resinifera (alpha-euphol and alpha-euphorbol) and Euphorbia officinarum (obtusifoliol and 31-norlanosterol). Leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease are major worldwide health problems. The drugs of choice for their treatment are still problematic in both cases, and therefore there is an urgent need to discover new drugs with high activity and low side effects. Natural products have become a key source of new drugs in the last years. The genus Euphorbia has been the subject of abundant phytochemical and pharmacological research because of its potential medical applications, but the antiparasitic effects of derivatives from plants of this genus are still unknown. Our results showed that 76% and 64% of the test compounds had antiparasitic effects on L. infantum and T cruzi, respectively. The different activities on both parasites, especially their moderate effects on mammalian cells, indicate an interesting selective toxicity. |
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| 9. | PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Sep;5(9):e1328. Epub 2011 Sep 20.Epidemiologic Relationship between Toscana Virus Infection and Leishmania infantum Due to Common Exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus Sandfly Vector.Bichaud L, Souris M, Mary C, Ninove L, Thirion L, Piarroux RP, Piarroux R, De Lamballerie X, Charrel RN.SourceUMR 190, IRD-Université de la Méditerranée Aix-Marseille 2, Marseille, France. AbstractSand flies are recognised vectors of parasites in the genus Leishmania and a number of arthropod-borne viruses, in particular viruses within the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. In southern France, Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV) is recognized as a prominent cause of summer meningitis. Since Leishmania and TOSV have a common vector (Phlebotomus perniciosus), an epidemiologic link has been assumed for a long time. However, there is no scientific evidence of such a link between human leishmaniosis and phleboviral infections. To identify a possible link, we investigated the presence and distribution of antibodies against these two microorganisms (i) in individuals and (ii) at a spatial level in the city of Marseille (south-eastern France). Five hundred sera were selected randomly in the biobank of the Department of Parasitology of the Public Hospitals of Marseille. All sera were previously tested for IgG against Leishmania by Western Blotting, and TOSV IgG were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. The seropositivity rates were 21.4% for TOSV and 28% for Leishmania. Statistical analysis demonstrated that seropositivity for one pathogen was significantly associated with seropositivity to the other pathogen. This result provided the first robust evidence for the existence of an epidemiological relationship between Leishmania infantum and TOSV. Addresses of tested patients were geolocalized and integrated into Geographical Information System software, in order to test spatial relationship between the two pathogens. Spatial analysis did not allow to identify (i) specific patterns for the spatial distribution of positive serological results for TOSV or Leishmania, and (ii) a spatial relationship between Leishmania and TOSV positive serological results. This may reflect the fact that the sample studied was not powerful enough to demonstrate either a spatial clustering or co-location, i.e. that the actual risk exposure area is smaller than the mean of distance between patients in our study (245 m). |
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| 10. | Curr Chem Biol. 2011 May;5(2):108-117.RNA Granules Living a Post-transcriptional Life: the Trypanosomes' Case.Cassola A.SourceInstituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, UNSAM-CONICET, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. AbstractTrypanosomes are protozoan parasites responsible for recalcitrant infectious diseases such as Sleeping sickness and Chagas disease in Africa and America, respectively. Their complex life-cycles are accompanied by alternation of forms specific of the insect vectors and vertebrate hosts, each with different metabolic and structural requirements. Unlike most other eukaryotes, these single-cell microorganisms seem to control the expression of protein-coding genes mostly by mRNA degradation, silencing and translation efficiency. Recent evidence showed that genuine cytoplasmic Stress Granules are formed as a response to heat stress in Trypanosoma brucei, basically formed by stalled translation initiation complexes on mRNA. On the other hand, Processing bodies (P bodies) are constitutive components of cytoplasmic mRNA metabolism in trypanosomes, which could have an important role in translational repression. During physiological starvation conditions in trypanosomes, components from P bodies fuse with other ribonucleoprotein complexes to form mRNA granules, where transcripts are stored and protected from degradation in a quiescent state. Other novel types of foci with unknown function that are related to RNA metabolism can be found in these parasites, namely heat-induced granules containing the 5' to 3' exoribonuclease XRNA, and starvation-induced granules containing transfer RNA halves. Thus, trypanosomes make use of non-membranous structures as a strategy to compartmentalize ribonucleoprotein complexes in the cytoplasm, aiding to cope with stressful situations avoiding mRNA translation or degradation. The relevance of stress-induced foci in trypanosomes has yet to be scored, although recent evidence suggests that these cytoplasmic organelles are required for survival under adverse growing conditions. |
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