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Sent on Wednesday, 2011 Oct 19Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | J Parasitol Res. 2012;2012:134645. Epub 2011 Oct 11.The Role of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor in Immunity to Leishmania major Infection.Whitcomb JP, Deagostino M, Ballentine M, Fu J, Tenniswood M, Welsh J, Cantorna M, McDowell MA.SourceEck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. AbstractVitamin D signaling modulates a variety of immune responses. Here, we assessed the role of vitamin D in immunity to experimental leishmaniasis infection in vitamin D receptor-deficient mice (VDRKO). We observed that VDRKO mice on a genetically resistant background have decreased Leishmania major-induced lesion development compared to wild-type (WT) mice; additionally, parasite loads in infected dermis were significantly lower at the height of infection. Enzymatic depletion of the active form of vitamin D mimics the ablation of VDR resulting in an increased resistance to L. major. Conversely, VDRKO or vitamin D-deficient mice on the susceptible Th2-biased background had no change in susceptibility. These studies indicate vitamin D deficiency, either through the ablation of VDR or elimination of its ligand, 1,25D3, leads to an increase resistance to L. major infection but only in a host that is predisposed for Th-1 immune responses. |
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| 2. | J Trop Med. 2012;2012:650874. Epub 2011 Oct 5.Adenosine and immune imbalance in visceral leishmaniasis: the possible role of ectonucleotidases.Paletta-Silva R, Meyer-Fernandes JR.SourceInstituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and is responsible for most Leishmania-associated deaths. VL represents a serious public health problem that affects many countries. The immune response in leishmaniasis is very complex and is poorly understood. The Th1 versus Th2 paradigm does not appear to be so clear in visceral leishmaniasis, suggesting that other immunosuppressive or immune-evasion mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of VL. It has been demonstrated that generation of adenosine, a potent endogenous immunosuppressant, by extracellular enzymes capable to hydrolyze adenosine tri-nucleotide (ATP) at the site of infection, can lead to immune impairment and contribute to leishmaniasis progression. In this regard, this paper discusses the unique features in VL immunopathogenesis, including a possible role for ectonucleotidases in leishmaniasis. |
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| 3. | Infection. 2011 Oct 18. [Epub ahead of print]Lysis syndrome during therapy of visceral leishmaniasis.Liberopoulos EN, Kei AA, Elisaf MS.SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Ioannina Medical School, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece, vaglimp@yahoo.com. AbstractINTRODUCTION:Lysis syndrome is a constellation of metabolic disorders usually seen after the initiation of chemotherapy for rapidly proliferating malignancies (tumor lysis syndrome). Reported herein is a tumor lysis-like syndrome after the initiation of anti-infective therapy for visceral leishmaniasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Ten consecutive patients with visceral leishmaniasis were administered liposomal amphotericin B. Levels of serum uric acid, phosphate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were evaluated prior to as well as 4 and 30 days following the initiation of treatment. RESULTS:During the 4th post-treatment day significant increases in the levels of serum uric acid, phosphate, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were seen, while the levels of calcium, potassium, and magnesium were not significantly altered. Patients were treated by hydration, urine alkalization, and administration of allopurinol as needed. A recovery of metabolic abnormalities was recorded 1 month later, although some patients had evidence of residual injury. CONCLUSION:A lysis syndrome may complicate the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. Awareness of this complication can lead to the initiation of prophylactic treatment as well as to early recognition and management of this syndrome in susceptible patients. |
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| 4. | J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Sep 14. [Epub ahead of print]Inhibitory effects of decavanadate on several enzymes and Leishmania tarentolae In Vitro.Turner TL, Nguyen VH, McLauchlan CC, Dymon Z, Dorsey BM, Hooker JD, Jones MA.AbstractMultiple studies report apparent effects of vanadium on various systems in vivo and in vitro. Vanadium species may be possible deterrents for the growth of the Leishmania parasite, which causes the sometimes deadly diseases known as leishmaniasis. The current studies focus specifically on decavanadate V(10)O(28)(6-) (V10), which has a potential to be a potent effector for disease treatment. The X-ray structure of a new solvate salt of V10, namely (NH(4))(6)V(10)O(28)·5H(2)O, is also reported. Other vanadium complexes with imidazole carboxylate, anthranilate, or picolinate were also evaluated. The yellow-orange oxoanion, used as the (NH(4))(6)V(10)O(28)·6H(2)O salt, was tested (at 1-100μM) directly with two strains of Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes in culture to evaluate the effect on cell viability. Vanadium coordination complexes are known effective inhibitors of phosphatases. Using the artificial phosphatase substrate para-nitrophenylphosphate in the presence of a bovine calf intestine alkaline phosphatase enzyme, V10 (from 5 to 100μM) was shown to be a mixed inhibitor for this enzyme and decreased the activity of the other two phosphatases tested. The effect of V10 and the other vanadium complexes on the activity of phosphoglycerate mutase B (PGAM), an important enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, was also evaluated. At 10μM, V10 was the most potent inhibitor of PGAM, with an apparent reduction of about 50%. Taken together, we speculate that V10 could have a role in treating Leishmania diseases. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
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| 5. | Eur J Med Chem. 2011 Oct 2. [Epub ahead of print]Molecular modeling study and synthesis of novel dicationic flexible triaryl guanidines and imidamides as antiprotozoal agents.Arafa RK, Wenzler T, Brun R, Chai Y, David Wilson W.SourceDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini st., 11562, Cairo, Egypt. AbstractA new series of fourteen dicationic flexible triaryl bis-guanidines 3a,b, bis-N-substituted guanidines 7a,b and 8a,b as well as bis-imidamides 9-12a,b having a 1,3- or 1,4-diphenoxybenzene scaffold backbone were synthesized. The in vitro activity of the novel dications as antiprotozoal agents against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.) and Plasmodium falciparum (P.f.) was assessed. Interestingly, six of the newly synthesized dications viz3a,b, 7a,b and 8a,b were more active against P.f. than the reference drug pentamidine. Also, some of the dications showed moderate antitrypanosomal activity. Thermal melting analysis of the novel dications was performed to determine their ligand-DNA relative binding affinities. Finally, docking of the dications with an AT rich DNA oligonucleotide was executed to understand their binding mode with the minor groove. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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| 6. | Int J Dermatol. 2011 Nov;50(11):1343-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04968.x.Serum zinc and copper status in Ira nian patients with pemphigus vulgaris.Yazdanpanah MJ, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Taji A, Javidi Z, Pezeshkpoor F, Tavallaie S, Momenzadeh A, Esmaili H, Shojaie-Noori S, Khoddami M, Sahebkar A.SourceResearch Center for Skin Diseases and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Department of Dermatology, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute Health Center, Faculty of Medicine Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran. AbstractBackground The role of nutritional factors including trace elements has been reported in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. Objective Regarding the relatively high prevalence of pemphigus vulgaris in Iran, we investigated the serum levels of zinc and copper as two important trace elements, together with the oxidative stress status in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Materials and methods This case-control study was performed on 25 patients with newly diagnosed pemphigus vulgaris and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Serum concentrations of zinc, copper, ceruloplasmin as well as copper/zinc ratio were determined for each subject. Oxidative stress was also measured using a novel assay of peroxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB). Results Mean serum concentrations of zinc and copper as well as copper/zinc ratio were significantly lower in patients (mean age: 47.2 ± 16.2 years; male/female: 14/11) compared with the controls (mean age: 47.3 ± 12.8 years; male/female: 14/11; P < 0.001). In contrast, PAB values were significantly elevated in patients compared with controls (P < 0.01). No significant difference in serum ceruloplasmin concentrations was observed between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate that low serum zinc and copper and increased oxidative stress may be associated with pemphigus vulgaris. © 2011 The International Society of Dermatology. |
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| 7. | Int J Dermatol. 2011 Nov;50(11):1336-1342. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04987.x.Treatment of imported New World cutaneous leishmaniasis in Germany.Harms G, Scherbaum H, Reiter-Owona I, Stich A, Richter J.SourceInstitute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin Department of Tropical Medicine, Paul-Lechler Hospital and Clinic for Tropical Diseases, Tübingen Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Friedrich-Wilhelm-University Clinic Bonn, Bonn Department of Tropical Medicine, Mission Medical Clinic, Würzburg Tropical Medicine Unit, University Hospital for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. AbstractBackground Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a parasitic disease which represents a public health problem, particularly in Central and South America, has become a leading condition in travelers who return from tropical countries with skin disorders. Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, the most common causative agent, requires systemic treatment because it is potentially able to disseminate and to cause mucosal or mucocutaneous disease. Although several drugs are available for the systemic treatment of leishmaniases, a definitive treatment regimen for infection caused by species of the Viannia subgenus has yet to be established in many countries, including Germany. Methods We analyzed treatment outcomes in 23 returnees from Central and South America who were diagnosed with L. (V.) braziliensis CL by polymerase chain reaction. Results Complete cure within one month following treatment was observed in 18 patients (78%). Cure was achieved with liposomal amphotericin B in 11 of 13 patients, miltefosine in five of eight patients, and meglumine antimoniate in two (of two) patients. Of the five patients (22%) who failed to respond to initial therapy, four were cured with meglumine antimoniate and one with liposomal amphotericin B. Conclusions In this outcome evaluation of treatment of imported L. (V.) braziliensis infections, liposomal amphotericin B, miltefosine, and meglumine antimoniate proved to be effective. Conventional meglumine antimoniate showed high efficacy as a first-line treatment and cured lesions that failed to respond to the other two drugs. A multi-country study using standardized treatment protocols is needed to establish a definitive regimen. © 2011 The International Society of Dermatology. |
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| 8. | PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Jun;5(6):e1049. Epub 2011 Jun 21.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for lineage assignment and high resolution diversity studies in Trypanosoma cruzi.Yeo M, Mauricio IL, Messenger LA, Lewis MD, Llewellyn MS, Acosta N, Bhattacharyya T, Diosque P, Carrasco HJ, Miles MA.SourceLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. Matthew.yeo@lshtm.ac.uk AbstractBACKGROUND:Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a powerful and highly discriminatory method for analysing pathogen population structure and epidemiology. Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan agent of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), has remarkable genetic and ecological diversity. A standardised MLST protocol that is suitable for assignment of T. cruzi isolates to genetic lineage and for higher resolution diversity studies has not been developed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We have sequenced and diplotyped nine single copy housekeeping genes and assessed their value as part of a systematic MLST scheme for T. cruzi. A minimum panel of four MLST targets (Met-III, RB19, TcGPXII, and DHFR-TS) was shown to provide unambiguous assignment of isolates to the six known T. cruzi lineages (Discrete Typing Units, DTUs TcI-TcVI). In addition, we recommend six MLST targets (Met-II, Met-III, RB19, TcMPX, DHFR-TS, and TR) for more in depth diversity studies on the basis that diploid sequence typing (DST) with this expanded panel distinguished 38 out of 39 reference isolates. Phylogenetic analysis implies a subdivision between North and South American TcIV isolates. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data revealed high levels of heterozygosity among DTUs TcI, TcIII, TcIV and, for three targets, putative corresponding homozygous and heterozygous loci within DTUs TcI and TcIII. Furthermore, individual gene trees gave incongruent topologies at inter- and intra-DTU levels, inconsistent with a model of strict clonality. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:We demonstrate the value of systematic MLST diplotyping for describing inter-DTU relationships and for higher resolution diversity studies of T. cruzi, including presence of recombination events. The high levels of heterozygosity will facilitate future population genetics analysis based on MLST haplotypes. |
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