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Sent on Wednesday, 2011 Nov 09Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Nov 8. [Epub ahead of print]Identification of phospholipid species affected by miltefosine action in Leishmania donovani cultures using LC-ELSD, LC-ESI/MS, and multivariate data analysis.Imbert L, Ramos RG, Libong D, Abreu S, Loiseau PM, Chaminade P.SourceGroupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris-Sud, EA4041, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France. AbstractLeishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease principally treated by intravenous drugs. Hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) has recently proved its efficacy by oral route. Although its mechanism of action has been investigated, and principally relies on perturbations of the metabolism of lipids and especially phospholipids, further studies need to be conducted to detect precisely which metabolic pathways are impacted. For this purpose, the present work proposes a complete lipidomic study focused on membrane phospholipids of clones of Leishmania donovani non-treated (NT), treated (T) and resistant (R) to miltefosine. Firstly, a separation of phospholipids in normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC) was coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS) equipped with an electrospray (ESI) ion source, and response was compared to evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). Secondly, a quantification of phospholipid classes was performed using NP-HPLC/ESI/MS on NT, T and R clones of L. donovani. Thirdly, full-scan acquisitions of analyzed samples were compared using orthogonal signal correction-partial least square-discriminant analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) to highlight phospholipid molecular species of interest between the three types of clones. Structural determination of the most relevant species has finally been performed using tandem mass spectrometry. A first hypothesis on the effect of miltefosine on lipid metabolic pathways is then proposed. |
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| 2. | Parasitol Res. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: developments over the last decade.Srividya G, Kulshrestha A, Singh R, Salotra P.SourceMolecular Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India. AbstractDiagnostic parameters for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a potentially fatal parasitic disease caused by Leishmania donovani, have been redefined in the last decade with the development of serological and molecular tests, though a definitive diagnosis still banks on the century-old parasitological methods in many areas. Recombinant antigens have improved performance of serodiagnostic methods. Serology-based tests, rk39 antigen dipstick, and direct agglutination test commonly employed in the field are highly sensitive methods, however, fail to distinguish past infections. Molecular approaches have become increasingly relevant due to remarkable sensitivity, specificity, and flexibility in choice of samples. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction is a highly sensitive and specific tool used in referral labs for detection/assessment of parasite load in VL patients and subsequently in monitoring treatment response to antileishmanial agents. The method displays potential to provide threshold for distinguishing asymptomatics in endemic areas. Currently, improvement in VL diagnostics is required for successful decentralized (point-of-care) testing in field conditions and to detect VL-HIV co-infection. Techniques such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification offer a reliable molecular diagnostic method for field application. The diagnosis based on bioanalytics/biosensors promise frontiers for point-of-care VL detection after adequate standardization. This review summarizes the recent developments in VL diagnostics, drawing attention towards the need for standardization of the diagnostics across the affected regions. |
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| 3. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]MAP Kinase1 of Leishmania Donovani: Down Regulation Associates With Antimony Resistance in Field Isolates.Ashutosh, Garg M, Sundar S, Duncan R, Nakhasi HL, Goyal N.SourceDivision of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chattar Manzil Palace, PO Box 173, Lucknow, India. AbstractEmergence of resistance to pentavalent antimonials has become a severe obstacle in treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent. The mechanisms operating in laboratory generated strains are somewhat known, but the determinants of clinical antimony resistance are not well understood. By utilizing a DNA microarray expression profiling approach, we identified a gene encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) for the kinetoplast protozoan Leishmania donovani (LdMAPK1) that was consistently down-regulated in antimony-resistant field isolates. The expression level of the gene was validated by real time polymerase chain reaction). Furthermore, decreased expression of LdMAPK1 was also confirmed at the protein level in resistant isolates. Primary structure analysis of LdMAPK1 revealed the presence of all characteristic features of MAPK1. When expressed in E. coli, the recombinant enzyme showed kinase activity with myelin basic protein as substrate and was inhibited by staurosporine. Interestingly, over expression of this gene in a drug sensitive laboratory strain and resistant field isolate resulted in increase in sensitivity of the transfectants towards Sb (III), suggesting its role in antimony resistance. Our results demonstrate that down regulation of LdMAPK1 may be in part correlated with the antimony drug resistance in Indian VL isolates. |
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| 4. | Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]Bis(oxyphenylene)benzimidazoles: A novel class of anti-Plasmodium falciparu m agents.Mayence A, Vanden Eynde JJ, Kaiser M, Brun R, Yarlett N, Huang TL.SourceXavier University of Louisiana, College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 Drexel drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA. AbstractA small library of 26 2,2'-[alkane-α,ω-diylbis(oxyphenylene)]bis-1H-benzimidazoles has been prepared and evaluated against Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum. Among the tested compounds, eight derivatives (17, 19, 20, 24, 27, 30, 32 and 35) exhibited an anti-Plasmodium falciparum activity characterized by IC(50) values in the range of 180-410nM (0.11-0.21μg/mL) and selectivity indexes (IC(50) rat skeletal myoblasts L6 cells vs IC(50)P. falciparum K1 strain) varying between 92 and more than 450. Two of the eight novel drug leads, namely compounds 19 and 32, were also active against G. intestinalis and L. donovani with selectivity indexes of 122 and >164 respectively. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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| 5. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Sep;85(3):490-7.Entomological indices, feeding sources, and molecular identification of Triatoma phyllosoma (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) one of the main vectors of Chagas disease in the Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.Villalobos G, Martínez-Hernández F, de la Torre P, Laclette JP, Espinoza B.SourceDepartamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México. AbstractThe purpose of this study was to conduct an entomological analysis, determination of feeding sources, and molecular identification of triatomines in five communities of the Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. The only found species in two of five searched communities (San Mateo del Mar and Tehuantepec City) was Triatoma phyllosoma. Colonization indices were high in both communities. In San Mateo del Mar, the insects were found indoors and in Tehuantepec City in peridomestic areas. The Trypanosoma cruzi infection indices were 2.1% in San Mateo del Mar and 39.4% in Tehuantepec City. This difference could be related to the high numbers of triatomine feeding on hens in the former community. In contrast, in Tehuantepec, dogs were the principal triatomine feeding sources. All nymphs and adults that were genetically analyzed belonged to the species T. phyllosoma. Low levels of genetic variation were found between vectors from both communities. |
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| 6. | J Commun Dis. 2009 Sep;41(3):211-4.A localized foci of kala-azar in a village of Chandi PHC (Nalnda district ).Kesari S, Kumar V, Palit A, Kishore K, Das VN, Das P, Bhattacharya SK.SourceRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, (I.C.M.R) Agamkuan, Patna 800 007. |
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