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Sent on Wednesday, 2011 Nov 23Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Exp Parasitol. 2011 Nov 10. [Epub ahead of print]The influence of natural rubber/Au nanoparticle membranes on the physiology of Leishmania braziliensis.Barboza-Filho CG, Cabrera FC, Dos Santos RJ, De Saja Saez JA, Job AE.SourceFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP, Departamento de Física, Química e Biologia, CP 467, CEP 19060-080, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. AbstractThe development of nanotechnology has generated new means of disease diagnosis and treatment. Infectious diseases, including leishmaniasis, malaria, etc., have benefited from the advent of new nanomaterials and/or nanodevices capable of detecting specific antigens and antibodies with high specificity and low cost. In this paper, we present an investigation on a single-celled protozoan Leishmaniasis parasite, a disease considered of standard infectivity, given the high degree of immunological specificity. Natural rubber (NR) membranes incorporating gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were placed in the culture medium and the physiological behavior of Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes was evaluated. The natural rubber membranes containing GNPs decreased the population growth rate, showing a lower index of living promastigotes (attached to the membrane surface) depending on the amount of nanoparticles deposited in the membrane surface. Such membranes may be used to develop a flexible band-aid for skin lesions from degenerative infection state, inhibiting the population growth of parasites in the lesions. In addition, natural rubber membranes would also stimulate angiogenesis in damaged tissues. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
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| 2. | J Cell Sci. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]Rab28 function in trypanosomes: interactions with retromer and ESCRT pathways.Lumb JH, Leung KF, Dubois KN, Field MC.AbstractEarly endosomal cargo is typically targeted to either a degradative or recycling pathway. Despite established functions for the retromer and ESCRT complexes at late endosomes/multivesicular bodies, the mechanisms integrating and coordinating these functions remain largely unknown. Rab family GTPases are key membrane trafficking organizers and could contribute. Here, in the unicellular organism Trypanosoma brucei, we demonstrate that Rab28 locates to the endosomal pathway and partially colocalizes with Vps23, an ESCRT I component. Rab28 is required for turnover of endocytosed proteins and for lysosomal delivery of protein cargo. Using RNA interference we find that in Rab28-depleted cells, protein levels of ESCRT I (Vps23/28) and retromer (Vps26) are also decreased, suggesting that Rab28 is an important regulator of these factors. We suggest that Rab28 coordinates the activity of retromer-dependent trafficking and ESCRT-mediated degradative pathways. |
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| 3. | Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Nov 10. [Epub ahead of print]A novel mechanism for an old drug: Amphoteric in B in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.Chattopadhyay A, Jafurulla M.SourceCentre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad 500 007, India. AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by various species of the genus Leishmania. Internalization of Leishmania into host cells is facilitated by a large number of receptors, and therefore no panacea is available for the treatment of leishmaniasis. We previously demonstrated the requirement of host membrane cholesterol in the entry of Leishmania into macrophages by cholesterol depletion using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). We recently showed that leishmanial infection is inhibited upon sequestration of host membrane cholesterol using amphotericin B (AmB), considered as the best existing drug against VL. The reason for the antileishmanial activity of AmB is generally believed to be its ability to bind ergosterol in parasite membranes. Our recent results offer the opportunity to reexamine the mechanism behind the effectiveness of current AmB-based therapeutic strategies to treat leishmaniasis. We propose here a novel mechanism in which the effectiveness of AmB treatment could be partly based on its ability to sequester cholesterol in the host membrane, thereby abrogating macrophage-parasite interaction. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
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| 4. | Parasite Immunol. 2011 Nov 18. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01343.x. [Epub ahead of print]Comparative study of the in situ immune resp onse in oral and nasal mucosal leishmaniasis.Palmeiro MR, Morgado FN, Valete-Rosalino CM, Martins AC, Moreira J, Quintella LP, Schubach AD, Conceição-Silva F.SourceLaboratório de Imunoparasitologia, IOC/FIOCRUZ Serviços de Otorrinolaringologia e Leishmanioses, Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmaniose (VigiLeish), IPEC/FIOCRUZ Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Oftalmologia, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRJ. AbstractMucosal Leishmaniasis (ML) may occur in both nasal and oral mucosa. However, despite the impressive tissue destruction, little is known about the oral involvement. To compare some changes underlying inflammation in oral and nasal ML, we performed immunohistochemistry on mucosal tissue of 20 ML patients (nasal [n=12]; oral [n=8] lesions) and 20 healthy donors using antibodies that recognize inflammatory markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD22, CD68, neutrophil elastase, CD1a, CLA, Ki67, Bcl-2, NOS2, CD62E, Fas, and FasL). A significantly larger number of cells, mainly T cells and macrophages, were observed in lesions than in healthy tissue. In addition, high NOS2 expression was associated with a reduced detection of parasites, highlighting the importance of NOS2 for parasite elimination. Oral lesions had higher numbers of neutrophils, parasites, proliferating cells, and NOS2 than nasal lesions. These findings, together with the shorter duration of oral lesions and more intense symptoms, suggest a more recent inflammatory process. It could be explained by lesion-induced oral cavity changes that lead to eating difficulties and social stigma. In addition, the frequent poor tooth conservation and gingival inflammation tend to amplify tissue destruction and symptoms and may impair and confuse the correct diagnosis, thus delaying the onset of specific treatment. Copyright © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
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| 5. | Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]Peroxiredoxins in Parasites.Gretes MC, Poole L, Karplus PA.SourceOregon State University, Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2011 ALS, Corvallis, Oregon, United States, 97331, 415-230-0514; gretesm@onid.orst.edu. AbstractSignificance: Parasite survival and virulence relies on effective defenses against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by the host immune system. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous enzymes now thought to be central to such defenses, and as such, have potential value as drug targets and vaccine antigens. Recent Advances: Plasmodial and kinetoplastid Prx systems are the most extensively studied, yet remain inadequately understood. For many other parasites our knowledge is even less well developed. Through parasite genome sequencing efforts, however, the key players are being discovered and characterized. Here we describe what is known about the biochemistry, regulation, and cell biology of Prxs in parasitic protozoa, helminths, and fungi. At least one Prx is found in each parasite with a sequenced genome, and a notable theme is the common patterns of expression, localization, and functionality among sequence-similar Prxs in related species. Critical Issues: The nomenclature of Prxs from parasites is in a state of disarray, causing confusion and making comparative inferences difficult. Here we introduce a systematic Prx naming convention that is consistent between organisms and informative about structural and evolutionary relationships. Future Directions: The new nomenclature should stimulate the cross-fertilization of ideas among parasitologists and with the broader redox research community. The diverse parasite developmental stages and host environments present complex systems in which to explore the variety of roles played by Prxs, with a view toward parlaying what is learned into novel therapies and vaccines that are urgently needed. |
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| 6. | Int J Dermatol. 2011 Dec;50(12):1470-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04888.x.Immunohistochemical profile of cytokeratins in pseudoepithel iomatous hyperplasia of cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Viana AG, Domingos PL, Kaminagakura E, Botelho AC, Martelli H Jr, Bonan PR.SourceHealth Science Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil. AbstractBackground The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical profile of cytokeratins (Ck) in pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Methods The tissue samples, with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, were collected from 37 patients (age 6-85 years old) with indolent ulcers in skin confirmed as CL. The lesions were submitted to immunolabeling for Ck pairs 4-13, 5-14, and 6-16. Results In the 37 CL cases, Ck4 and Ck13 staining were, in the majority of cases, negative. Of them, 33 and 35 cases were negative for Ck4 and Ck13, respectively. The Ck4 immunostaining was found in basal and parabasal layers, and Ck13 was viewed in the basal compartment of epithelium. Ck5 was found in 29 cases distributed homogeneously in all layers. Ck14 and Ck6 were found in all samples in all layers, and Ck16 was positive for all cases but heterogeneously found in the basal layer. Conclusion In summary, we noticed that the pattern of some Ck staining in pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in CL lesions revealed intense epithelial reinforcement, protection, and proliferation. © 2011 The International Society of Dermatology. |
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| 7. | Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2011 Oct;28(5):997-1000.[20-year search on molecular markers of Leishmania isolates from different Kala-azar foci in China to confirm whether genetic fingerprints of Kala-azar pathogens correla te with disease types]. [Article in Chinese] Ma Y, Bu L, Hua X.SourceDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. AbstractLeishmaniasis (Kala-azar) from different endemic regions of China expresses different clinic and epidemiological features, and traditionally is classified as hilly, plain and desert types/foci. We concentrated our review on whether the pathogens from those foci were different at molecular level, if so, whether there are were molecular markers readily identifiable by molecular technologies. This was a review of a 20-year search for such markers by using kinetoplastic DNA (kDNA), nDNA hybridization, PCR-SSCP, RAPD and sequence analysis of SSU rDNA variable regions and LACK gene. The results showed that heterogeneities at molecular level exist in Leishmania isolated from different foci of China, which could be used as markers for different types of Leishmaniasis in China. |
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| 8. | Bioorg Khim. 2011 Jul-Aug;37(4):559-66.[Two new asterosaponins from the antarctic starfish Diplasterias brucei. Structures and cytotoxic activities]. [Article in Russian] [No authors listed]AbstractTwo new asterosaponins, diplasteriosides A and B, with the same oligosaccharide chains beta-D-Fucp-(1-->2)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-[beta-D-Quip-(1-->2)]-beta-D-Quip-(1-->3)-beta-D-Quip-(1-->, linked to C6 of known genins, 3-O-sulfates of thornasterols A and B, respectively, were isolated along with the previously known asteriidoside A from the Antarctic starfish Diplasterias brucei. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (mainly 2D NMR and mass spectrometry). The cytotoxicity of isolated asterosaponins against human colon cancer cell line HCT-116, human breast cancer cell line T-47D, and human melanoma cancer cell line RPMI-7951 was investigated. |
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