What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Saturday, 2011 Nov 26
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 3 of 3

1.	J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov 23. [Epub ahead of print] Distinct Toll-like Receptor Signals Regulate Cerebral Parasite Load and Interferon α/β and Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Dependent T-Cell Infiltration in the Brains of Trypanosoma brucei-Infected Mice. Amin DN, Vodnala SK, Masocha W, Sun B, Kristensson K, Rottenberg ME. Source Departments of Neuroscience and. Abstract Background. The penetration of T cells and trypanosomes into the brain parenchyma is a major pathogenetic event in African trypanosomiasis.Methods. The role of innate immune responses in the penetration of T cells and Trypanosoma brucei brucei into the brain was studied in knockout mice by using double immunofluorescent staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results. We demonstrate that Toll-like receptor (TLR)-MyD88-mediated signaling is required for T-cell and parasite penetration into the brain and microglial activation, besides controlling parasitemia and antigen-specific T-cell activation. Among different TLR-deficient mice studied, TLR9 mediated parasitemia control and T-cell penetration into the brain. TLR-MyD88 signals increased levels of interferon (IFN) β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α transcripts in the brains of infected mice and both TNF-α and IFN-α/β, receptors promoted T-cell and trypanosoma infiltration into the brain parenchyma. Both resident and infiltrating inflammatory cells in the brain controlled parasite densities in a TLR2- and TLR9-MyD88-mediated manner. However, neither IFN-α/β nor TNF-α contributed to parasite control in the brain.Conclusions. Our data indicate that innate immune TLR signals stimulate the expression of TNF-α and IFN-α/β that initiate brain invasion of T cells and trypanosomes, and control T. brucei brucei load in the brain by molecules distinct from these.
	PMID: 22116836 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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2.	J Nat Med. 2011 Nov 25. [Epub ahead of print] In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of some phenolic compounds from propolis and lactones from Fijian Kawa (Piper methysticum). Otoguro K, Iwatsuki M, Ishiyama A, Namatame M, Nishihara-Tsukashima A, Kiyohara H, Hashimoto T, Asakawa Y, Omura S, Yamada H. Source Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan, otoguro@lisci.kitasato-u.ac.jp. Abstract During our search to discover new antitrypanosomal compounds, eight known plant compounds (three phenolic compounds and five kawa lactones) were evaluated for in vitro activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Among them, we found two phenolic compounds and three kawa lactones possessing an α-pyrone influenced antitrypanosomal property. In particular, β-phenethyl caffeate, farnesyl caffeate and dihydrokawain exhibited high or moderate selective and potent antitrypanosomal activity in vitro. We detail here the antitrypanosomal activity and cytotoxicities of the compounds, in comparison with two commonly used antitrypanosomal drugs (eflornithine and suramin). Our findings represent the first report of the promising trypanocidal activity of these compounds.
	PMID: 22116743 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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3.	J Clin Microbiol. 2011 Nov 23. [Epub ahead of print] Leishmania (Viannia) species identification on clinical samples from c utaneous leishmaniasis in Peru: assessment of a molecular step-wise approach. Veland N, Boggild AK, Valencia C, Valencia BM, Llanos-Cuentas A, Van der Auwera G, Dujardin JC, Arevalo J. Source Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Abstract We present an algorithm based on three PCR assays for Leishmania (Viannia) species identification and assessed its performance using 70 specimens from Peruvian patients. The succession of the assayed targets can be ordered according to species prevalence. Sequential progression through the algorithm reduced the number of samples here studied by approximately 30% after each step.
	PMID: 22116151 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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