What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Friday, 2011 Dec 02
Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 6 of 6

1.	J Parasitol Res. 2011;2011:862475. Epub 2011 Nov 2. Short communication: evaluation of a new rapid diagnostic test for quality assurance by kala azar elimination programme in bangladesh. Khan MG, Alam MS, Bhuiyan AT, Jamil MA, Saha B, Islam M, Haque R, Hossain M, Jamil KM. Source International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Abstract In Bangladesh, serological tests have been widely used for the primary screening of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Several serologic tests are available for the diagnosis of VL. Selection of the best test is important to permit diagnostic differentiation between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and to reduce cross-reactivity. We evaluated the effectiveness of a new serological test "Onsite Leishmania Ab Rapid Test" as a part of "quality assurance" activities for the kala azar elimination programme of the Government of Bangladesh. Plasma samples of 100 parasitologically confirmed cases of VL along with 101 healthy controls were tested, and "Onsite Leishmania Ab Rapid Test" strip tests were positive in 94 out of 100 confirmed VL cases, whereas four out of 51 healthy subjects from the VL endemic areas also tested positive. All the 50 healthy volunteers tested negative. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of "Onsite Leishmania Ab Rapid Test" strip test were found to be 94% (95% CI: 87-98) and 96% (95% CI: 90-99), respectively. This study showed that the performance of the "Onsite Leishmania Ab Rapid Test" strip tests was up to the recommended level.
	PMID: 22132308 [PubMed - in process]

2.	J Trop Med. 2012;2012:819512. Epub 2011 Nov 3. Host cell signalling and leishmania mechanisms of evasion. Shio MT, Hassani K, Isnard A, Ralph B, Contreras I, Gomez MA, Abu-Dayyeh I, Olivier M. Source Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Medicine, McGill University, Room 610, 3775 University Street, Duff Medical Building, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A2B4. Abstract Leishmania parasites are able to secure their survival and propagation within their host by altering signalling pathways involved in the ability of macrophages to kill pathogens or to engage adaptive immune system. An important step in this immune evasion process is the activation of host protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 by Leishmania. SHP-1 has been shown to directly inactivate JAK2 and Erk1/2 and to play a role in the negative regulation of several transcription factors involved in macrophage activation. These signalling alterations contribute to the inactivation of critical macrophage functions (e.g., Nitric oxide, IL-12, and TNF-α). Additionally, to interfere with IFN-γ receptor signalling, Leishmania also alters several LPS-mediated responses. Recent findings from our laboratory revealed a pivotal role for SHP-1 in the inhibition of TLR-induced macrophage activation through binding to and inactivating IL-1-receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1). Furthermore, we identified the binding site as an evolutionarily conserved ITIM-like motif, which we named kinase tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (KTIM). Collectively, a better understanding of the evasion mechanisms utilized by Leishmania parasite could help to develop more efficient antileishmanial therapies in the near future.
	PMID: 22131998 [PubMed - in process]

3.	Med Sci (Paris). 2011 Nov;27(11):924-6. Epub 2011 Nov 30. [Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and an undesired passenger]. [Article in French] Ronet C, Beverley SM, Fasel N. Source Département de biochimie, Faculté de biologie et médecine, Université de Lausanne, chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Suisse.
	PMID: 22130014 [PubMed - in process]

4.	Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2011;155(47):A2855. [A woman with a persisting ulcer on the chin]. [Article in Dutch] Meij V, Kuijpers KC. Source St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein. Abstract A 62-year-old woman presented with an ulcerative lesion on the chin. She had not visited tropical regions, but she had been in Cyprus. A skin biopsy revealed coccoid micro-organisms resembling Leishmania. Subsequently a PCR was performed which showed Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum complex and the diagnose 'cutaneous leishmaniasis' was confirmed.
	PMID: 22129807 [PubMed - in process]

5.	J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2012 Jan 15;75(2):63-75. Disposition of Antimony in Rhesus Monkeys Infected with Leishmania braziliensis and Treated with Meglumine Antimoniate. Friedrich K, Vieira FA, Porrozzi R, Marchevsky RS, Miekeley N, Grimaldi G, Paumgartten FJ. Source a Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , National School of Public Health , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil. Abstract Antimony (Sb) disposition and toxicity was evaluated in Leishmania braziliensis-infected monkeys (Macaca mulatta) treated with a 21-d course of low (LOW) or standard (STD) meglumine antimoniate (MA) dosage regimens (5 or 20 mg Sb(V)/kg body weight/d im). Antimony levels in biological matrices were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), while on-line ion chromatography coupled to ICPMS was used to separate and quantify Sb species in plasma. Nadir Sb levels rose steadily from 19.6 ± 4 and 65.1 ± 17.4 ng/g, 24 h after the first injection, up to 27.4 ± 5.8 and 95.7 ± 6.6 ng/g, 24 h after the 21st dose in LOW and SDT groups, respectively. Subsequently, Sb plasma levels gradually declined with a terminal elimination phase half-life of 35.8 d. Antimony speciation in plasma on posttreatment days 1-9 indicated that as total Sb levels declined, proportion of Sb(V) remained nearly constant (11-20%), while proportion of Sb(III) rose from 5% (d 1) to 50% (d 9). Plasma [Sb]/erythrocyte [Sb] ratio was >1 until 12 h after dosing and reversed thereafter. Tissue Sb concentrations (posttreatment days 55 and 95) were as follows: >1000 ng/g in thyroid, nails, liver, gall bladder and spleen; >200 and <1000 ng/g in lymph nodes, kidneys, adrenals, bones, skeletal muscles, heart and skin; and <200 ng/g in various brain structures, thymus, stomach, colon, pancreas. and teeth. Results from this study are therefore consistent with view that Sb(V) is reduced to Sb(III), the active form, within cells from where it is slowly eliminated. Localization of Sb active forms in the thyroid gland and liver and the pathophysiological consequences of marked Sb accumulation in these tissues warrant further studies.
	PMID: 22129235 [PubMed - in process]

6.	J Nat Prod. 2011 Nov 30. [Epub ahead of print] Natural Product Libraries to Accelerate the High-Throughput Discovery of Therapeutic Leads. Johnson TA, Sohn J, Inman WD, Estee SA, Loveridge ST, Vervoort HC, Tenney K, Liu J, Ang KK, Ratnam J, Bray WM, Gassner NC, Shen YY, Lokey RS, McKerrow JH, Boundy-Mills K, Nukanto A, Kanti A, Julistiono H, Kardono LB, Bjeldanes LF, Crews P. Source Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley , California 94720, United States. Abstract A high-throughput (HT) paradigm generating LC-MS-UV-ELSD-based natural product libraries to discover compounds with new bioactivities and or molecular structures is presented. To validate this methodology, an extract of the Indo-Pacific marine sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis was evaluated using assays involving cytoskeletal profiling, tumor cell lines, and parasites. Twelve known compounds were identified including latrunculins (1-4, 10), fijianolides (5, 8, 9), mycothiazole (11), aignopsanes (6, 7), and sacrotride A (13). Compounds 1-5 and 8-11 exhibited bioactivity not previously reported against the parasite T. brucei, while 11 showed selectivity for lymphoma (U937) tumor cell lines. Four new compounds were also discovered including aignopsanoic acid B (13), apo-latrunculin T (14), 20-methoxy-fijianolide A (15), and aignopsane ketal (16). Compounds 13 and 16 represent important derivatives of the aignopsane class, 14 exhibited inhibition of T. brucei without disrupting microfilament assembly, and 15 demonstrated modest microtubule-stabilizing effects. The use of removable well plate libraries to avoid false positives from extracts enriched with only one or two major metabolites is also discussed. Overall, these results highlight the advantages of applying modern methods in natural products-based research to accelerate the HT discovery of therapeutic leads and/or new molecular structures using LC-MS-UV-ELSD-based libraries.
	PMID: 22129061 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]