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Sent on Friday, 2011 December 23Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Forsch Komplementmed. 2011;18(6):351-3. Epub 2011 Dec 9.Effect of Bixa orellana against Leishmania amazonensis.García M, Monzote L, Montalvo AM, Scull R.SourceDepartmento de Parasitología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. AbstractBackground: In the present study, an activity of Bixa orellana extract against Leishmania amazonensis was demonstrated. Result: Experimentally infected BALB/c mice were treated with B. orellana extract which showed a significant activity against promastigote and amastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Conclusion: This study supports the importance of natural sources as antileishmanial drugs. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel. |
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| 2. | Vaccine. 2011 Dec 19. [Epub ahead of print]Enlarging the "Audacious Goal": Elimination of the World's high prevalence neglected tropical diseases.Hotez P.SourceSabin Vaccine Institute and Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States. AbstractThe high prevalence neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) exhibit a global disease burden that exceeds malaria, tuberculosis, and other better known global health conditions; they also represent a potent force in trapping the world's poorest people in poverty. Through extremely low cost national programs of disease mapping and mass drug administration (MDA) for the seven most common NTDs, integrated NTD control and elimination efforts are now in place in more than 14 countries through the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the British Department for International Development (DFID), and the Global Network for NTDs and its partners. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2008 some 670 million people in 75 countries received NTD treatments through these and other sponsored programs. With continued successes the next decade could witness the global elimination of blinding trachoma, human Africa trypanosomiasis (HAT), lymphatic filariasis (LF), onchocerciasis, trachoma, and leprosy as public health problems, in addition to the eradication of dracunculiasis. For other high prevalence NTDs, including hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, new drugs and vaccines may still be required. Increasingly it is recognized that the high prevalence NTDs exhibit extensive geographic overlap and polyparasitism is commonly found throughout the world's low income countries. Therefore, global elimination will also require integrated packages of drugs together with vaccine-linked chemotherapy. Ultimately, the global elimination of the high prevalence NTDs will require continued large-scale support from the U.S. Government and selected European governments, however, the emerging market economies, such as Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and Nigeria, and wealthy countries in the Middle East will also have to substantially contribute. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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| 3. | Parasit Vectors. 2011 Dec 21;4(1):238. [Epub ahead of print]A possible role for Phlebotmus (Anaphlebotmous) rodhaini (Parrot 1930) in transmission of Leishmania donovani.Elnaiem DE, Hassan HK, Osman OF, Maingon RD, Killick-Kendrick R, Ward RD.AbstractABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, kala azar), caused by Leishmania donovani is a major health problem in Sudan and other East African countries. In this region the only proven vectors of L. donovani are Phlebotomus orientalis in eastern Sudan, Ethiopia and Upper Nile areas of Southern Sudan and Phlebotomus martini in Ethiopia, Kenya and Southern Sudan. In this report, we present the first evidence that Phlebotomus rodhaini may also play a role in maintaining transmission of L. donovani between animal reservoir hosts in eastern Sudan. The study was conducted in a zoonotic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Dinder National Park, eastern Sudan, where previous work showed high infection rates of L. donovani in P. orientalis. Sand flies, captured by CDC traps were dissected and examined for infection with Leishmania parasites. Parasite isolates were subjected to L. donovani specific PCR. Field experiments were also carried out to compare efficiency of rodent baited and un-baited CDC traps in collection of P. rodhaini and determine its man-biting rate. RESULTS:Three female P. rodhaini were found infected with Leishmania parasites in an astonishingly small number of flies captured in three separate field trips. Two of these isolates were typed by molecular methods as L. donovani, while the third isolate was inoculated into a hamster that was subsequently lost. Although P. rodhaini is generally considered a rare species, results obtained in this study indicate that it can readily be captured by rodent-baited traps. Results of human landing collection showed that it rarely bites humans in the area. CONCLUSION:It is concluded that P. rodhaini is a possible vector of L. donovani between animal reservoir hosts but is not responsible for infecting humans. It is suggested that the role of P. rodhaini in transmission of L. donovani in other zoonotic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Africa should be re-examined. |
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| 4. | Parasitology. 2011 Sep;138(10):1272-7.Delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in red blood cells of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi.França RT, Da Silva AS, Wolkmer P, Oliveira VA, Pereira ME, Leal ML, Silva CB, Nunes MA, Dressler VL, Mazzanti CM, Monteiro SG, Lopes ST.SourceDepartment of Small Animal, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. raquelifranca@yahoo.com.br AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) in red blood cells of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi and establish its association with haematocrit, serum levels of iron and zinc and lipid peroxidation. Thirty-six male rats (Wistar) were divided into 2 groups with 18 animals each. Group A was non-infected while Group B was intraperitoneally infected, receiving 7·5×106 trypomastigotes per animal. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups of 6 rats and blood was collected during different periods post-infection (p.i.) as follows: day 5 (A1 and B1), day 15 (A2 and B2) and day 30 PI (A3 and B3). Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture to estimate red blood cell parameters (RBC), δ-ALA-D activity and serum levels of iron, zinc and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Rats in group B showed a significant (P<0·05) reduction of RBC count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit at days 5 and 15 p.i. The activity of δ-ALA-D in blood was significantly (P<0·001) increased at days 15 and 30 p.i. δ-ALA-D activity in blood had a significant (P<0·05) negative correlation with haematocrit (r=-0·61) and haemoglobin (r=-0·70) at day 15 p.i. There was a significant (P<0·05) decrease in serum iron and zinc levels and an increase in TBARS levels (P<0·05) during infection. The δ-ALA-D activity in blood was negatively correlated with the levels of iron (r=-0·68) and zinc (r=-0·57) on day 30 p.i. It was concluded that the increased activity of δ-ALA-D in blood might have occurred in response to the anaemia in remission as heme synthesis was enhanced. |
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| 5. | Parasitology. 2011 Aug;138(9):1134-42. doi: 10.1017/S0031182011000771. Epub 2011 Jul 18.An evaluation of melarsomine hydrochloride efficacy for parasitological cure in ex perimental infection of dairy cattle with Trypanosoma evansi in Thailand.Desquesnes M, Kamyingkird K, Vergne T, Sarataphan N, Pranee R, Jittapalapong S.SourceCentre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, F-34000 France. AbstractMelarsomine hydrochloride can cure Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels at a dose of 0·25 mg/kg, but at that dose relapses occur in cattle. In our study, the efficacy of an intramuscular injection of melarsomine hydrochloride at 0·5 mg/kg was assessed in 3 normal and 3 splenectomized dairy cattle experimentally infected with a stock of T. evansi from Thailand. The animals were monitored for 5 months by haematocrit centrifugation, blood- or cerebrospinal fluid-mouse inoculation, polymerase chain reaction, the card agglutination test (CATT) for T. evansi, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay‑T. evansi. Parasitological and DNA tests became and remained negative just after treatment. By the end of the experiment, CATT was negative and ELISA scores were below or very close to the cut-off value. One of the splenectomized cattle died from anaplasmosis during the experiment, but tested negative for surra. It was concluded that the parasites had been cleared from the cattle, and melarsomine hydrochloride at 0·5 mg/kg can be recommended for treatment against T. evansi infection in dairy cattle in Thailand. Further work is necessary to validate the efficacy of the treatment in the event of confirmed CSF-infection. |
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| 6. | Res Vet Sci. 2011 Oct;91(2):240-2. Epub 2010 Dec 24.Relationship between splenic sequestration and thrombocytopenia in Trypanosoma evansi infection in rats.Kipper M, Da Silva AS, Oliveira CB, Andretta I, Paim FC, da Silva CB, Leon R, Corrêa K, Stainki DR, Lopes ST, Monteiro SG.SourceUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. AbstractTrypanosoma evansi infections in domestic animals are characterized by anemia and thrombocytopenia. The cause of the platelets decrease is unknown, but researchers suggest that thrombocytopenia may result from damage of the bone marrow, reduced survival of platelets, auto-immune thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and splenic sequestration. Some of these causes have already been tested by our research group and found to be unrelated. Therefore, this study has the objective of testing the hypothesis that splenic sequestration might be responsible for thrombocytopenia in T. evansi-infected rats. A total of 28 rats assigned to four groups were used in the experiment. Group A rats were splenectomized and infected with T. evansi, group B rats were infected with T. evansi, group C rats were splenectomized, but not infected and group D rats were normal controls. Five days post-infection all rats were anesthetized and blood was collected in order to measure the number of circulating platelets, fibrinogen levels, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The spleens of groups B and D were weighed at necropsy. The infected animals (groups A and B) showed a significant reduction in platelets and increased PT and aPTT when compared to negative control groups (groups C and D). Animals from group A showed increased levels of fibrinogen. The mean weight of spleen differed between group B (2.62g) and group D (0.55g). It was concluded that there is no relationship between thrombocytopenia and splenic sequestration in infection by T. evansi. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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