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Sent on Saturday, 2012 January 07Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | J Lab Physicians. 2011 Jul;3(2):119-21.Atypical Presentation of Visceral Leishmaniasis in a HIV-positive Patient from a Nonendemic Area.Vyas DH, Shah PD.SourceDepartment of Microbiology, Smt. N. H. L. Municipal Medical College, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad, India. AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL), though widely prevalent in India, is not seen in the Rajasthan where the dry, hot and arid climatic conditions create a hostile environment for the growth of the parasite or its vector, the sandfly. We present a case of VL in a patient co-infected with HIV from this region. A 34-year-old known case of a HIV-positive patient presented to the skin department of our hospital with multiple, nontender, erythematous, papulonodular lesions all over the body for 6 months with history of weight loss and low-grade fever. Important examination findings were pallor, inguinal lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings included anemia, leucopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia and altered leucocytes to erythrocyte ratio. Buffy coat examination and bone marrow aspirates showed the presence of leishman bodies inside monocytes and macrophages respectively as well as extracellularly also. The patient was treated with amphotericin B intravenously and responded well to the treatment. |
| 2. | Biol Lett. 2012 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]Identification of two voltage-dependent anion channel-like protein sequences conserved in Kinetoplastida.Flinner N, Schleiff E, Mirus O.SourceDepartment of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438 Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany. AbstractThe eukaryotic porin superfamily consists of two families, voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and Tom40, which are both located in the mitochondrial outer membrane. In Trypanosoma brucei, only a single member of the VDAC family has been described. We report the detection of two additional eukaryotic porin-like sequences in T. brucei. By bioinformatic means, we classify both as putative VDAC isoforms. |
| 3. | Parasitol Res. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]Canine leishmaniosis: in vitro efficacy of miltefosine and marbofloxacin alone or in combination with allopurinol against clinical strains of Leishmania infantum.Farca AM, Miniscalco B, Badino P, Odore R, Monticelli P, Trisciuoglio A, Ferroglio E.SourceDepartment of Animal Pathology, Section of Clinical Science, University of Turin, Via L. da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy, anna.farca@unito.it. AbstractDespite the availability of different therapeutic options, canine visceral leishmaniosis (CVL) remains a challenging disease to treat. Recently miltefosine has been registered for use in dogs, and different studies have demonstrated its leishmanicidal effect. Moreover, it has been suggested that fluoroquinolones, compared to standard chemotherapeutic agents, could be an effective and pragmatic alternative to treat CVL. The efficacy of miltefosine and marbofloxacin alone or in combination with allopurinol against clinical strains of Leishmania infantum was assessed in vitro by incubating increasing concentrations of the drugs with a standard parasite inoculum. Miltefosine was significantly more efficacious than marbofloxacin (P < 0.05) against the two strains of L. infantum either alone or in combination with allopurinol. Both drugs were significantly (P < 0.05) more efficacious when associated with allopurinol than alone. |
| 4. | Parasitology. 2012 Jan;139(1):37-44.Morphological, biological and molecular characterization of three strains of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909 (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) isolated from Triatoma sordida (Stal) 1859 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and a domestic cat.Rimoldi A, Tomé Alves R, Ambrósio DL, Fernandes MZ, Martinez I, DE Araújo RF, Cicarelli RM, DA Rosa JA.SourceInstituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 Campinas SP, CEP 13083-862, Brasil. AbstractSUMMARYA study was conducted of the biological, morphological and molecular characters of 3 strains of Trypanosoma cruzi (SI5, SI8 and SIGR3) isolated from specimens of Triatoma sordida collected in Santo Inácio and a domestic cat. In order to carry out the study, the following parameters were evaluated: pre-patent period, parasitaemia curves, morphology of the parasites, mortality rates, histopathological lesions and molecular typing. The strains presented variable pre-patent periods, low parasitaemia and no animal mortality. The morphological study of trypomastigotes showed a predominance of intermediate-width and short-length forms, as well as low nuclear index. Epimastigotes presented a low nuclear index, intermediate-width forms in strains SI5 and SI8, and large-width forms in SIGR3. A shorter length could be noted in strains SI8 and SIGR3, whereas SI5 displayed an intermediate length. The histopathological study did not detect amastigote nests in tissues. The amplification of the divergent domain of 24Sα rRNA, HSP60 and GPI genes of strains SI5, SI8 and SIGR3 classified the 3 strains into Group II. Biological parameters made it possible to classify the strains isolated in Santo Inácio (BA) into Biodeme III, Zymodeme 1 and Group II of T. cruzi. |
| 5. | Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]Prevalence of Sand Flies and Leishmania donovani Infection in a Natural Population of Female Phlebotomus argentipes in Bihar State, India.Tiwary P, Kumar D, Singh RP, Rai M, Sundar S.SourceInfectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, UP, India . AbstractAbstract Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease, and in the Indian subcontinent the female Phlebotomus argentipes is the vector for Leishmania donovani. However, data on the extent of sand fly infection rates in natural settings using molecular methods have not been extensively reported in India. In this study a PCR technique was applied targeting the 18S rRNA encoding region to determine the prevalence of Leishmania infection in female P. argentipes captured in the field. For this study, sand flies were collected from 897 houses selected from 50 villages endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar state, using CDC miniature light traps and mouth aspirators. A total of 14,585 sand flies were collected of which 449 were female P. argentipes divided into 132 pools. Molecular detection using PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene was carried out for the identification of P. argentipes and Leishmania. The overall prevalence of infection was 4.90-17.37% for L. donovani in female P. argentipes in endemic regions of Bihar state. In this study no correlation was found between the presence of infected sand flies and the occurrence of clinical VL. This study provides the first report evaluating the prevalence of Leishmania infection in sand flies in a region endemic for VL in India. Sergentomyia species are the most common species of sand fly. Knowledge of the infection rate in female P. argentipes may help in predicting severity of disease and in vector elimination programs. |
| 6. | Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]Re-Emergence of Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Greek Island of Crete.Christodoulou V, Antoniou M, Ntais P, Messaritakis I, Ivovic V, Dedet JP, Pratlong F, Dvorak V, Tselentis Y.Source1 Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete , Crete, Greece . AbstractAbstract Leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. Three species of Leishmania are found in the Mediterranean basin: Leishmania infantum, the most common species responsible for both visceral (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL); Leishmania major, found in North Africa and Middle East causing CL; Leishmania tropica with a limited presence in Europe, causing CL. During the last 25 years, Crete has become an endemic zone for L. infantum with a high number of infected dogs and an increasing number of human cases every year; in the last 4 years, the incidence has reached an average of seven VL patients per year in a population of 600,000. At the same time, CL has re-emerged in Crete due to L. tropica, with an average of three CL cases per year in the last 4 years. Isolates were typed as L. infantum MON-1 and MON-98 and L. tropica MON-300, a zymodeme not reported before. Both VL and CL have spread to the whole of the island during the last 25 years, primarily in semi-urban and urban areas with altitudes of 0-50 m. The prevailing Phlebotomus species were Phlebotomus neglectus (proven vector of L. infantum) and Phlebotomus similis (suspected vector of L. tropica). |
| 7. | PLoS Pathog. 2011 Sep;7(9):e1002139. Epub 2011 Sep 1.The Trypanosoma cruzi protease cruzain mediates immune evasion.Doyle PS, Zhou YM, Hsieh I, Greenbaum DC, McKerrow JH, Engel JC.SourceTropical Disease Research Unit and Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America. AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas' disease. Novel chemotherapy with the drug K11777 targets the major cysteine protease cruzain and disrupts amastigote intracellular development. Nevertheless, the biological role of the protease in infection and pathogenesis remains unclear as cruzain gene knockout failed due to genetic redundancy. A role for the T. cruzi cysteine protease cruzain in immune evasion was elucidated in a comparative study of parental wild type- and cruzain-deficient parasites. Wild type T. cruzi did not activate host macrophages during early infection (<60 min) and no increase in ∼P iκB was detected. The signaling factor NF-κB P65 colocalized with cruzain on the cell surface of intracellular wild type parasites, and was proteolytically cleaved. No significant IL-12 expression occurred in macrophages infected with wild type T. cruzi and treated with LPS and BFA, confirming impairment of macrophage activation pathways. In contrast, cruzain-deficient parasites induced macrophage activation, detectable iκB phosphorylation, and nuclear NF-κB P65 localization. These parasites were unable to develop intracellularly and survive within macrophages. IL 12 expression levels in macrophages infected with cruzain-deficient T. cruzi were comparable to LPS activated controls. Thus cruzain hinders macrophage activation during the early (<60 min) stages of infection, by interruption of the NF-κB P65 mediated signaling pathway. These early events allow T. cruzi survival and replication, and may lead to the spread of infection in acute Chagas' disease. |
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| 8. | Carbohydr Res. 2011 Oct 18;346(14):2070-4. Epub 2011 Jun 29.Novel O-glycosidic gossypol isomers and their bioactivities.Yin J, Jin L, Chen F, Wang X, Kitaygorodskiy A, Jiang Y.SourceDepartment of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA. AbstractNovel glycosidic gossypol analogs, 7,7'-gossypol diglucoside tetraacetate GS1, 6,7'-gossypol diglucoside tetraacetate GS2, 7,7'-gossypol diglycoside GS1', 6,7'-gossypol diglycoside GS2' were obtained by the ultrasound-assisted reaction of the potassium salt of gossypol with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide under PTC conditions and were fully characterized by 1D NMR ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, DEPT, 1D NOE), 2D NMR (HMBC, HMQC), FTIR, HRMS and HPLC. The anticancer activities, cytotoxic effects as well as anti-trypanosomal activities of these novel glycosidic gossypols were explored and suggest that gossypol glycosides could be used to develop new candidates for anticancer drugs and anti-trypanosomal agents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. |
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