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Sent on Thursday, 2012 January 19Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012 Jan;6(1):e1438. Epub 2012 Jan 10.Diagnostic accuracy of molecular amplification tests for human african trypanosomiasis-systematic review.Mugasa CM, Adams ER, Boer KR, Dyserinck HC, Büscher P, Schallig HD, Leeflang MM.SourceRoyal Tropical Institute, KIT Biomedical Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. AbstractBACKGROUND:A range of molecular amplification techniques have been developed for the diagnosis of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT); however, careful evaluation of these tests must precede implementation to ensure their high clinical accuracy. Here, we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of molecular amplification tests for HAT, the quality of articles and reasons for variation in accuracy. METHODOLOGY:Data from studies assessing diagnostic molecular amplification tests were extracted and pooled to calculate accuracy. Articles were included if they reported sensitivity and specificity or data whereby values could be calculated. Study quality was assessed using QUADAS and selected studies were analysed using the bivariate random effects model. RESULTS:16 articles evaluating molecular amplification tests fulfilled the inclusion criteria: PCR (n = 12), NASBA (n = 2), LAMP (n = 1) and a study comparing PCR and NASBA (n = 1). Fourteen articles, including 19 different studies were included in the meta-analysis. Summary sensitivity for PCR on blood was 99.0% (95% CI 92.8 to 99.9) and the specificity was 97.7% (95% CI 93.0 to 99.3). Differences in study design and readout method did not significantly change estimates although use of satellite DNA as a target significantly lowers specificity. Sensitivity and specificity of PCR on CSF for staging varied from 87.6% to 100%, and 55.6% to 82.9% respectively. CONCLUSION:Here, PCR seems to have sufficient accuracy to replace microscopy where facilities allow, although this conclusion is based on multiple reference standards and a patient population that was not always representative. Future studies should, therefore, include patients for which PCR may become the test of choice and consider well designed diagnostic accuracy studies to provide extra evidence on the value of PCR in practice. Another use of PCR for control of disease could be to screen samples collected from rural areas and test in reference laboratories, to spot epidemics quickly and direct resources appropriately. |
| 2. | PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30029. Epub 2012 Jan 12.Characterization of a Novel Association between Two Trypanosome-Specific Proteins and 5S rRNA.Ciganda M, Williams N.SourceDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology & Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America. AbstractP34 and P37 are two previously identified RNA binding proteins in the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. RNA interference studies have determined that the proteins are essential and are involved in ribosome biogenesis. Here, we show that these proteins interact in vitro with the 5S rRNA with nearly identical binding characteristics in the absence of other cellular factors. The T. brucei 5S rRNA has a complex secondary structure and presents four accessible loops (A to D) for interactions with RNA-binding proteins. In other eukaryotes, loop C is bound by the L5 ribosomal protein and loop A mainly by TFIIIA. The binding of P34 and P37 to T. brucei 5S rRNA involves the LoopA region of the RNA, but these proteins also protect the L5 binding site located on LoopC. |
| 3. | J Trop Med. 2012;2012:780809. Epub 2011 Dec 28.Immunity to visceral leishmaniasis.Ali N, Mekuria AH, Requena JM, Engwerda C.SourceInfectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja, S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-32, West Bengal Kolkata 700032, India. |
| 4. | Analyst. 2012 Jan 18. [Epub ahead of print]Characterization and identification of suspected counterfeit miltefosine capsules.Dorlo TP, Eggelte TA, de Vries PJ, Beijnen JH.SourceDivision of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. t.p.dorlo@amc.uva.nl. AbstractRecently, it was revealed that generic miltefosine capsules for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, a fatal parasitic disease, were possibly counterfeit products. Here we report on the methods to characterize and identify miltefosine in pharmaceutical products and the procedures that were used to assess the quality of these suspected counterfeit products. Characterization and identification of miltefosine were done with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Moreover, a simple, rapid and inexpensive colorimetric test was developed and evaluated for the detection of miltefosine in pharmaceutical products that can be used in the field. The complementary analytical techniques presented here were able to determine qualitatively or (semi-)quantitatively the presence or absence of miltefosine in pharmaceutical preparations and could identify suspected counterfeit miltefosine capsules. This finding of a suspected counterfeit drug intended to treat a neglected disease in a resource-poor country emphasizes the urgent need to develop more simple inexpensive assays to evaluate drug quality for use in the field. |
| 5. | Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Jan 17. [Epub ahead of print]Global Trends in the Use of Insecticides for Vector-borne Disease Control.van den Berg H, Zaim M, Yadav RS, Soares A, Ameneshewa B, Mnzava A, Hii J, Dash AP, Ejov M.SourceWageningen University. AbstractBACKGROUND:Data on insecticide use for vector control are essential for guiding pesticide management systems on judicious and appropriate use, resistance management, and reduction of risks to human health and the environment. OBJECTIVE:To study global use and trends in the use of insecticides for control of vector-borne diseases for the period 2000-2009. METHODS:A survey was distributed to countries with vector control programs to request national data on vector control insecticide use, excluding the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LNs). Data were received from 125 countries representing 97% of the human populations of 143 targeted countries. RESULTS:The main disease targeted with insecticides was malaria, followed by dengue, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. The use of vector control insecticides was dominated by organochlorines (e.g. DDT) in terms of quantity applied (71% of total), and by pyrethroids in terms of the surface or area covered (81% of total). Global use of DDT for vector control, the majority of which was in India alone, was fairly constant during 2000-2009. In Africa, pyrethroid use increased in countries that also achieved high coverage for LNs, and DDT increased sharply until 2008 but dropped in 2009. CONCLUSIONS:The global use of DDT has not changed substantially since the Stockholm Convention entered into force. The dominance of pyrethroid use has major implications due to the spread of insecticide resistance with potential to reduce the efficacy of LNs. Insecticide resistance management should be coordinated between disease-specific programs and sectors within the context of an integrated vector management approach. |
| 6. | Nucleus. 2011 Mar-Apr;2(2):136-45.Tryp anosoma cruzi DNA replication includes the sequential recruitment of pre-replication and replication machineries close to nuclear periphery.Calderano SG, de Melo Godoy PD, Motta MC, Mortara RA, Schenkman S, Elias MC.SourceLaboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. AbstractIn eukaryotes, many nuclear processes are spatially compartmentalized. Previously, we have shown that in Trypanosoma cruzi, an early-divergent eukaryote, DNA replication occurs at the nuclear periphery where chromosomes remain constrained during the S phase of the cell cycle. We followed Orc1/Cdc6, a pre-replication machinery component and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a component of replication machinery, during the cell cycle of this protozoon. We found that, at the G(1) stage, TcOrc1/Cdc6 and TcPCNA are dispersed throughout the nuclear space. During the G(1)/S transition, TcOrc1/Cdc6 migrates to a region close to nuclear periphery. At the onset of S phase, TcPCNA is loaded onto the DNA and remains constrained close to nuclear periphery. Finally, in G(2), mitosis and cytokinesis, TcOrc1/Cdc6 and TcPCNA are dispersed throughout the nuclear space. Based on these findings, we propose that DNA replication in T. cruzi is accomplished by the organization of functional machineries in a spatial-temporal manner. |
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